User:ProfGray/312/Key terms

Weeks 1-2

• (924 BCE)
• 722 BCE
• 587 BCE 
• 538 BCE
• Adam and Eve
• Anno Mundi
• Apocrypha
• Assyria
• Babylon / Babylonia
• BCE and CE (cp. BC and AD)
• Canaan
• canon, canonization
• Cyrus cylinder
• Dead Sea
• Divine council
• Egypt 
• Enuma Elish
• Ezra and Nehemiah
• Fertile Crescent
• genealogy

• (Gilgamesh)
• Hebrew Bible vs. Old Testament
• Hebrew (‘ivri) vs. Israelite vs. Jew
• Israel
• Israel, Kingdom of
• Judah, Kingdom of
• Mesopotamia
• methods of Biblical critical analysis. Textual criticism. Redaction criticism. 
• Persia
• Prophets
• Qumran
• redaction
• sabbath
• Septuagint
• (Shishak)
• Tanakh: Torah, Nevi’im, Ketuvim  = Five Books of Moses, Prophets, Writings

• Locations, such as modern Egypt, Israel, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Jerusalem
• Timelines:
  • Biblical chronology. When does the narrative take place within the Bible?
  • composition timeline. When was the narrative composed, according to scholars?
  • historical chronology. When does the event take place, if ever, according to historians and archaeologists?

Coogan ch.4

• anthropomorphism
• circumcision
• cosmology (and cosmogony)
• covenant
• Documentary Hypothesis
• doublet
• etiology
• JEDP (see also Documentary Hypothesis)
• names of God, incl. Tetragrammaton, Elohim, Yahweh
• Pentateuch
• Source and form criticism

Coogan ch.5 (pp.59, 61, 62, Box 5.5 Map)

• genealogy
• J source, including human relationship to the soil (examples)
• J source, boundary between humans and divine is vulnerable and protected by God
• Table of nations -- three groupings from 3 sons of Noah. Awareness of kinship and "cultural interconnectedness"

• A map because the descendants are place names

• Tower of Babel

Coogan ch.6 (pp. 73-79, 89-92)

• Biblical names: Abraham, Lot, Sarah, Ishmael, Isaac, Rebekah, Esau, Jacob/Israel, Leah, Rachel, 12 children of Israel
• Places: Shechem, (Penuel), Moriah --> Temple Mount
• archaeological image of excavating the levels of the text through form, source, and redaction criticism (74)

• J source in Genesis

• promise of land, descendants, and blessing = covenant
• attitude to other nations, such as Moab
• social history of "seminomadic pastoralists" (75), hence water/wells & hospitality

• E source: importance of Shechem and Northern Kingdom
• etiology p.77, example: Moriah (Gen. 22) --> Temple Mount
• P source in Genesis: covenant of circumcision (Gen. 17)

• historicity vs. legends
• anachronism, example: Ur of Chaldeans as birthplace of Abraham
• no historical corroboration of any Genesis characters, including kings
• Mesopotamian cultures, e.g., Nuzi (example of divination teraphim) and Mari (Jacob as May god protect)

• deity names: Yahweh and Elohim, El Shadday (Exodus 6.2-3), El -- Israelite and Canaanite term

• pantheon, creator god, shift in names (p.91)
• monotheism? (vs. monolatry, henotheism)

• endogamy vs exogamy (p.87)

Coogan ch.7

• Aaron
• Amalek
• Amarna letters (14th C)
• Baal
• Burning bush
• Exodus
• God's mountain, different names and why
• God's names, different and why
• Horeb
• Hyksos (106)
• Merneptah stele (with its date)
• Midian
• Moses
• Moses' father(s)-in-law
• parsimonious explanation, Occam's razor
• Passover, different religious formations and why
• Sinai
• theophany

Coogan ch.8-9, ch.12-13 selections, and covenant

• Abrahamic covenant (i.e., covenant with Abraham)
• amphictyony (p.62 Mendenhall)
• Ark of the Covenant (p.135) unifying symbol (228)
• casuistic vs. apodictic law
• conditional and unconditional grant
• covenant, cut a covenant (brit)
• Code of Hammurapi (p.128, 131)
• Covenant Code (130ff.)
• David (King of Israel)
• Davidic covenant
• Decalogue
• Deuteronomist (D source) vs. Deuteronomic historian (DTR)
• grant (see: royal grant)
• Hiram
• Hittite
• Joshua
• Josiah
• manna
• Mari
• Mendenhall, George
• Nuzi
• parity treaty
• pilgrimage festivals (Passover, F of Weeks, F of Booths) (p.143)
• primogeniture
• promissory (type of covenant, see Weinfeld)
• Ritual Decalogue
• Royal grant
• Solomon (King of Israel, son of David and Bathsheba)
• suzerainty
• Tabernacle (p.136)
• vassal

Coogan 13-15; Trible article

• archaeological evidence of the conquest of Canaan (207f.)
• charismatic leadership (p.217, based on Weber)
• concubine
• Coogan's argument on Israelites as composite (227-8)
• Deuteronomistic History (196-198)

• apostasy --> exile
• Josiah, Hezekiah
• "the place that the Lord Your God will choose" aka Jerusalem

• Gibeah
• herem = ban (p.210)
• hermeneutics
• intertextual / intertextuality
• Jephthah and his daughter
• Joshua vs. Judges (comparison)
  • source criticism of Judges (JBS 496)
• "judge" in the Book of Judges
• levirate marriage (p.231, e.g., Ruth)
• Moabites (220; Ruth)
• Philistines and the "Sea Peoples" (224, 225; see also 243-4)
• Ruth, Book of. (230-231)
• Sanctuary and surgery at Gilgal
• 1 Samuel
  • inconsistencies (236)
  • sources: birth of Samuel, song of Hannah, Ark narrative, Saul's rise, David's rise
• Trible, Phyllis

Coogan 16-24 -- small sections

Ch.16 (252-253)

1 Samuel = Samuel, Saul to David

2 Samuel = David

• DTR (exilic, 6th C) and independent units
• "Succession Narrative" or "Court history of David"

Solomon, Bathsheba

Other sons: Absalom, Adonijah, Amnon (raped Tamar)

Ch. 17 280-288

United Monarchy

1 Kings = Solomon and then the divided kingdom

• Legends, such as Solomonic judgment story and Queen of Sheba
• The Temple in Jerusalem
  • Canaanite / Phoenician design (see p.283)

"Royal ideology" of the Davidic monarchy --> God, King, Zion

• Davidic covenant… put in unconditional terms (281)
• King chosen by God; rhetoric of God's son
• shift from Sinai to Zion (282)
  • Zion = Jerusalem
• Centralization = cultic and political
• Comparison. Hammurapi, Kirta (Ugaritic)
• NOT: not about ancestors, Moses, Exodus, Sinai, or ark (286 re: Psalm 89)

Priesthood

• Zadok (only post facto from Aaron) 285

Deuteronomistic view

• Ambivalent about Royal Ideology
  • Weak on exclusive loyalty to YHWH
  • Strong on centralization

Ch. 18, 290-293

Divided Kingdoms

Presumed sources for DTR = Royal annals and prophetic legends (290)

• Jeroboam in Northern Kingdom

Nonbiblical sources

• Late 10th century (such as 924 BCE with Pharaoh Shishak)
• Assyrian records (mentions Ahab, Jehu, Jehoash)
• Moabite --> Mesha stele (mentioned in Bible)
• See timeline on p.293

Ch. 19. Northern Kingdom // FYI.

• Amos and Hosea (of the "Twelve Minor Prophets")
  • Covenant lawsuit (Amos)
  • Oracle against the nations (Amos, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, etc)
• Samaria
• Shalmaneser V conquers Northern Kingdom

Ch. 20, 329-333

Assyria.

• (Passive recognition: Tiglath-pileser, Shalmaneser, Sargon -- make Judah a vassal)
• Sennacherib (705-681 BCE), invades at time of Hezekiah

Hezekiah (2 Kings 18)

• Rebellion, religious revival, submission
• Hypothesis: first version of Deuteronomistic History (DTR)

Isaiah => 3 parts or sources, First, Deutero, Trito (332) (e.g., assumes prophecy is not feasible)

Ch.21 includes Josiah (640-609 BCE reign)

• Religious reform (2 Kings 22) with a "book of the law" found
  • Big applause by DTR
  • Maybe Deuteronomy? But finding an ancient text is common motif. (354)

Ch. 22, 360-365

• Zedekiah asserts independence, Babylonia attacks, Nebuchadrezzar takes Jerusalem, 586 BCE
• "Babylonian Chronicles" + excavations = non-biblical corroboration (quote p.362)

Ch. 24, 400-406

• Context: A few kings after Nebuchadrezzar, Babylon defeated by Persia in 539 BCE
• Sources: Babylonian records, Persian records, Greek historians, Bible
• King Cyrus
• Ezra
• Zerubbabel, Davidic line, part of the "early restoration"
• Cyrus cylinder (p.403)

Priestly source (P) -- exile

• Ezra brings "book of the law of Moses (Nehemiah 8:1, Ezra 7.6)