| Tuperiri | |
|---|---|
| Chief of Te Taoū | |
| Reign | Mid 18th century – c. 1795 |
| Predecessor | Hukatere |
| Successor | Tarahawaiki |
| Born | South Kaipara (near modern Helensville) |
| Died | c. 1795 Maungakiekie, Tāmaki Makaurau |
| Spouse | Kuraroa, Hine te Wairoa |
Te Taoū
Ōrākei
Kiwi Tāmaki (died c. 1741)[A] was a Māori warrior and paramount chief of the Waiohua confederation in Tāmaki Makaurau (modern-day Auckland isthmus). The third generation paramount chief of Waiohua, Kiwi Tāmaki consolidated and extended Waiohua power over Tāmaki Makaurau, making it one of the most prosperous and populated areas of Aotearoa. Kiwi Tāmaki's seat of power was at Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill, which was the most elaborate pā complex in Aotearoa.
Around the year 1740, Kiwi Tāmaki angered Ngāti Whātua tribes to the north-west, by murdering guests at a funeral feast held at South Kaipara. This led the Ngāti Whātua hapū Te Taoū to wage war on Kiwi Tāmaki and the Waiohua confederation, defeating him at a battle in the lower Waitākere Ranges. Kiwi Tāmaki's death signalled the end of the Waiohua mandate in Tāmaki Makaurau, and the beginning of a permanent Ngāti Whātua presence on the isthmus.
Kiwi Tāmaki's direct descendants through his son Rangimatoru became the chiefs of the Te Ākitai Waiohua iwi based in South Auckland and around the Manukau Harbour, while relatives of Kiwi Tāmaki were married to members of Te Taoū who stayed in the region, eventually becoming the modern hapū Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei, based on the Auckland isthmus and Waitematā Harbour.
Much of what is known about Kiwi Tāmaki is through Ngāti Whātua leader and folklore recorder Paora Tūhaere, 19th century court cases in the Māori Land Court,[3] and oral traditions from Tāmaki Māori tribes including Te Ākitai Waiohua, Ngāti Te Ata and Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki.[4]
History
editEarly life
editTuperiri and Kiwi Tāmaki were cousins through Tuperiri's mother.[4]
Around the year 1740, Kiwi Tāmaki attended the uhunga (funeral rites) commemorating the death of Te Taoū rangatira and great warrior Tumupākihi.[4] Tumupākihi was one of the warriors who secured Ngāti Whātua hegemony in the area, pushing Ngā Iwi (Waiohua) residents further south.[4] During the feast held at Waitūoro (close to Parakai and modern-day Helensville), Kiwi Tāmaki surprised the feast guests and massacred members of Te Taoū,[4] afterwards travelling to Mimihānui pā and murdering Tuperiri's sisters Tahatahi and Tangihua.[4] Tuperiri survived the massacre.[5]
The massacre and the extreme breach of Ngāti Whātua manaakitanga (hospitality) were seen as powerful reasons to retaliate against the Waiohua, and a Te Taoū taua was formed.[3][6] Tuperiri led a taua of 240 men (alongside his relatives Wahaakiaki and Waitaheke), attacking the Āwhitu Peninsula as a way to entice Kiwi Tāmaki out of the safety of his pā at Maungakiekie.[3][4] After successfully sacking some Waiohua-aligned pā and failing to defeat others, the taua regrouped at Paruroa (Big Muddy Creek).[3]
Kiwi Tāmaki sent a taua in response to the attacks, formed by warriors from across the Tāmaki Makaurau area. They descended on the Te Taoū camp at Paruroa.[3][6] Despite being greatly outnumbered, Wahaakiaki killed Kiwi Tāmaki, demoralising the Waiohua taua, who either fled or were killed.[3] Tuperiri, unsatisfied that the deaths did not make up for the deaths of his sisters, confronted Wahaakiaki, and together they convinced all Ngāti Whātua hapū to attack the region together.[4]
Tuperiri along with most of the Te Taoū contingent stayed on the isthmus, building a pā below the summit of Maungakiekie, which they called Hikurangi.[4][7] Te Taoū continued to attack remaining Waiohua settlements, including Māngere Mountain, which Tuperiri attacked as revenge for the deaths of his sisters.[4] After Tuperiri's attack, the mountain gained the name Te Ara Pueru ("the dogskin cloak path") in reference to how Tuperiri ordered his soldiers to place cloaks overtop of the pipi shell defences, in order to muffle the sound of their surprise attack.[3]
Descendants
editTuperiri had one son with Hine Te Wairoa.
Three sons with Kuraroa: Tomoaure, Paewhenua and Tarahawaiki. Tarahawaiki succeeded his father as chief of Te Taoū in Taamaki.
Tuperiri married his son Tarahawaiki to Mokorua, a prominent Waiohua woman.[8]
https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/1t42/te-kawau-apihai
Grandfather of Apihai Te Kawau
https://forms.justice.govt.nz/search/Documents/WT/wt_DOC_68494556/ReportonOrakeiW.pdf
Tarahawaiki = youngest son of Tuperiri. Taamaki Makaurau divided between Tuperiri's sons, forming the hapu of Te Taou (in Orakei), Ngaoho and Te Uringutu. It was Tarahawaiki's son Apihai who "Native Land Court awarded land in the area to ‘Te Taou, Ngaoho and Te Uringutu’," 1869.
https://ngatiwhatuaorakei.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/05/Ngarimu-Blair-testimony.pdf Tuperiri’s son Tarahawaiiki married the Waiohua-Ngāti Te Ata ancestress Mokorua. - Te Taoū conquered the South Kaipara area in the late 17th century, they decided to settle there. A key union following this invasion and occupation was Hukatere the son of Tarapakihi, to Toukararae of Ngā Oho. Their son was Tuperiri.
first wife= Kuraroa, of Te Taoū of Kaipara. His sons were married to Waiohua-Ngati Te Ata women. Tarahawaiiki betrothed Mokorua. Mokorua daughter of Te Hōreta. Tomoaure betrothed Te Tahuri, half-sister of Mokorua.
Tuperiri's pa = Hikurangi, just below summit of Maungakiekie. Tarahawaiiki, Tomoaure, Te Whakaariki and Paewhenua = established kāinga across isthmus.
Tomoaure at Āwhitu and Māngere w/ wife's iwi, known as Te Uringutu. Paewhenua and his wife Paretaua =Okahu, Waipapa (Mechanics Bay) and Te Tō (Freemans
Bay)
Te Whakaariki lived at Waipapa, Ōkahu and Te Tō on the Waitematā Tarahawaiki moved across both harbours with Pā at Maunganui (Birkenhead), Te Onewa (Northcote), Mangere and Puketāpapa. TH made the banner Nga Oho, as a way to unify the remnant Waiohua peoples who remained in the area.
Apihai te Kawau = born at Ihumatao.
https://ngatiwhatuaorakei.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/2-BOE-M-A-Kawharu.pdf Paewhenua married Paretaua. Paewhenua was killed in battle, Paretaua then married the fourth son of Tuperiri named Whakaariki.
Tuperiri’s father Hukatere was Te Taoū. his mother Toukarorae was of original Ngāoho descent.
Tarahawaiiki and Whakaariki occupied Onewa
his half-brother Te Waitaheke lived at Te Tō (Freeman’s Bay). Tuperiri’s grandson Awarua occupied Māngere and Ihumātao with his grandfather Te Horeta ( Ngāti Te Ata) Tomoaure = formed Te Uringutu with Waiohua remnant people who returned to the isthmus.
-Circa 1780 tuku whenua of Tauoma (Panmure) to Ngati Paoa hapu Ngāti Hura. Made by Tomoaure and his wife, Te Tahuri, to relative Kehu. -shark fishing expedition, a quarrel broke out NP+NW. Tarahawaiiki killed. -Circa 1792, Tomoaure and Te Tahuri died in NP+NW hostilities.
October 1978, the Ōrākei Block (Vesting and Use) Act established trust. Trust listed any descendant of Tuperiri as a beneficiary.
___ MOTHER = Toukararae or Toukarorae
Notes
edit- ^ Since the 19th century, the accepted date for the events surrounding Kiwi Tāmaki's death has been 1740, based on the judgment of Francis Dart Fenton of the Ōrākei case of the Native Land Court. In 2003, historian Angela Ballara argued that this was much later due to the genealogy of Apihai Te Kawau, and that the events took place in the 1780s/1790s.[1][2]
References
edit- ^ Cite error: The named reference
CFGAirportwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Ballara, Angela (2003). "Tāmaki-makau-rau (Auckland isthmus)". Taua: 'musket wars', 'land wars' or tikanga?: warfare in Maori society in the early nineteenth century. Auckland: Penguin. pp. 206–211. ISBN 9780143018896.
- ^ a b c d e f g Cite error: The named reference
Stonewas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c d e f g h i j High Court of New Zealand (9 February 2021). "In the High Court of New Zealand: Auckland Registry CIV-2015-404-002033 Between Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei Trust and Attorney-General and Marutūāhu Rōpū Limited Partnership" (PDF). Retrieved 1 March 2022 – via Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei.
- ^ "Auckland: Conquerors and settlers". New Zealand Herald. 24 August 2010. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
- ^ a b "The Muddy Creeks Plan - a Local Area Plan for Parau, Laingholm, Woodlands Park and Waimā" (PDF). Auckland Council. 13 February 2014. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Blairwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Paterson, Malcolm (2009). "Ko Ngā Kurī Purepure o Tāmaki, e Kore e Ngari i te Pō". In Macdonald, Finlay; Kerr, Ruth (eds.). West: The History of Waitakere. Random House. p. 54. ISBN 9781869790080.
REDIR Tupe-riri Tupiriri Tūperiri