AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 3, 2007 1:44:51 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
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| update_page = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_HBG2_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1fdh.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1fdh}}, {{PDB2|1i3d}}, {{PDB2|1i3e}}
| Name = Hemoglobin, gamma G
| HGNCid = 4832
| Symbol = HBG2
| AltSymbols =;
| OMIM = 142250
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 88327
| MGIid =
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005344 |text = oxygen transporter activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005506 |text = iron ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019825 |text = oxygen binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0020037 |text = heme binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046872 |text = metal ion binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005833 |text = hemoglobin complex}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006810 |text = transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015671 |text = oxygen transport}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 3048
| Hs_Ensembl =
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000175
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000184
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr =
| Hs_GenLoc_start =
| Hs_GenLoc_end =
| Hs_Uniprot =
| Mm_EntrezGene =
| Mm_Ensembl =
| Mm_RefseqmRNA =
| Mm_RefseqProtein =
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr =
| Mm_GenLoc_start =
| Mm_GenLoc_end =
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
'''Hemoglobin, gamma G''', also known as '''HBG2''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The gamma globin genes (HBG1 and HBG2) are normally expressed in the fetal liver, spleen and bone marrow. Two gamma chains together with two alpha chains constitute fetal hemoglobin (HbF) which is normally replaced by adult hemoglobin (HbA) at birth. In some beta-thalassemias and related conditions, gamma chain production continues into adulthood. The two types of gamma chains differ at residue 136 where glycine is found in the G-gamma product (HBG2) and alanine is found in the A-gamma product (HBG1). The former is predominant at birth. The order of the genes in the beta-globin cluster is: 5'- epsilon -- gamma-G -- gamma-A -- delta -- beta--3'.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: HBG2 hemoglobin, gamma G| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3048| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Gelinas R, Yagi M, Endlich B, ''et al.'' |title=Sequences of G gamma, A gamma, and beta genes of the Greek (A gamma) HPFH mutant: evidence for a distal CCAAT box mutation in the A gamma gene. |journal=Prog. Clin. Biol. Res. |volume=191 |issue= |pages= 125-39 |year= 1985 |pmid= 2413469 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Higgs DR, Vickers MA, Wilkie AO, ''et al.'' |title=A review of the molecular genetics of the human alpha-globin gene cluster. |journal=Blood |volume=73 |issue= 5 |pages= 1081-104 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2649166 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Anderson NL, Anderson NG |title=The human plasma proteome: history, character, and diagnostic prospects. |journal=Mol. Cell Proteomics |volume=1 |issue= 11 |pages= 845-67 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12488461 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
INFO: Beginning work on IL15... {November 3, 2007 1:44:51 PM PDT}
AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 3, 2007 1:45:49 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Interleukin 15
| HGNCid = 5977
| Symbol = IL15
| AltSymbols =; IL-15; MGC9721
| OMIM = 600554
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 487
| MGIid = 103014
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_IL15_205992_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_IL15_217371_s_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004871 |text = signal transducer activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005126 |text = hematopoietin/interferon-class (D200-domain) cytokine receptor binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005624 |text = membrane fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005768 |text = endosome}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005794 |text = Golgi apparatus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001866 |text = NK T cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007267 |text = cell-cell signaling}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008284 |text = positive regulation of cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042102 |text = positive regulation of T cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045062 |text = extrathymic T cell selection}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045580 |text = regulation of T cell differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0048535 |text = lymph node development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050691 |text = regulation of antiviral response by host}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050778 |text = positive regulation of immune response}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 3600
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000164136
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000576
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000585
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 4
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 142777204
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 142874061
| Hs_Uniprot = P40933
| Mm_EntrezGene = 16168
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000031712
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_008357
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032383
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 8
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 85227661
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 85240228
| Mm_Uniprot = Q1AHQ6
}}
}}
'''Interleukin 15''', also known as '''IL15''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that regulates T and natural killer cell activation and proliferation. This cytokine and interleukine 2 share many biological activities. They are found to bind common hematopoietin receptor subunits, and may compete for the same receptor, and thus negatively regulate each other's activity. The number of CD8+ memory cells is shown to be controlled by a balance between this cytokine and IL2. This cytokine induces the activation of JAK kinases, as well as the phosphorylation and activation of transcription activators STAT3, STAT5, and STAT6. Studies of the mouse counterpart suggested that this cytokine may increase the expression of apoptosis inhibitor BCL2L1/BCL-x(L), possibly through the transcription activation activity of STAT6, and thus prevent apoptosis. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants of this gene encoding the same protein have been reported.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: IL15 interleukin 15| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3600| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Maślińska D |title=The cytokine network and interleukin-15 (IL-15) in brain development. |journal=Folia neuropathologica / Association of Polish Neuropathologists and Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences |volume=39 |issue= 2 |pages= 43-7 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11680634 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Liew FY, McInnes IB |title=Role of interleukin 15 and interleukin 18 in inflammatory response. |journal=Ann. Rheum. Dis. |volume=61 Suppl 2 |issue= |pages= ii100-2 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12379638 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lodolce JP, Burkett PR, Koka RM, ''et al.'' |title=Regulation of lymphoid homeostasis by interleukin-15. |journal=Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. |volume=13 |issue= 6 |pages= 429-39 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12401478 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
INFO: Beginning work on KLK3... {November 3, 2007 1:34:29 PM PDT}
AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 3, 2007 1:36:01 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Kallikrein-related peptidase 3
| HGNCid = 6364
| Symbol = KLK3
| AltSymbols =; APS; KLK2A1; PSA; hK3
| OMIM = 176820
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 84789
| MGIid = 892021
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_KLK3_204582_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_KLK3_204583_x_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004252 |text = serine-type endopeptidase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008233 |text = peptidase activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006508 |text = proteolysis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016525 |text = negative regulation of angiogenesis}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 354
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000142515
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001025218
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001030047
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 19
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 56049983
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 56055832
| Hs_Uniprot = P07288
| Mm_EntrezGene = 16617
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000063713
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = XM_001000656
| Mm_RefseqProtein = XP_001000656
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 7
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 44056315
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 44060494
| Mm_Uniprot = O35307
}}
}}
'''Kallikrein-related peptidase 3''', also known as '''KLK3''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = Kallikreins are a subgroup of serine proteases having diverse physiological functions. Growing evidence suggests that many kallikreins are implicated in carcinogenesis and some have potential as novel cancer and other disease biomarkers. This gene is one of the fifteen kallikrein subfamily members located in a cluster on chromosome 19. Its protein product is a protease present in seminal plasma. It is thought to function normally in the liquefaction of seminal coagulum, presumably by hydrolysis of the high molecular mass seminal vesicle protein. Serum level of this protein, called PSA in the clinical setting, is useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of prostatic carcinoma. Alternate splicing of this gene generates several transcript variants encoding different isoforms.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: KLK3 kallikrein-related peptidase 3| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=354| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Henttu P, Vihko P |title=Prostate-specific antigen and human glandular kallikrein: two kallikreins of the human prostate. |journal=Ann. Med. |volume=26 |issue= 3 |pages= 157-64 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7521173 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Diamandis EP, Yousef GM, Luo LY, ''et al.'' |title=The new human kallikrein gene family: implications in carcinogenesis. |journal=Trends Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=11 |issue= 2 |pages= 54-60 |year= 2001 |pmid= 10675891 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Lilja H |title=Biology of prostate-specific antigen. |journal=Urology |volume=62 |issue= 5 Suppl 1 |pages= 27-33 |year= 2003 |pmid= 14607215 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
INFO: Beginning work on STAT5A... {November 3, 2007 1:53:56 PM PDT}
UPLOAD: Added new Image to wiki: {November 3, 2007 1:54:42 PM PDT}
AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 3, 2007 1:54:54 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1y1u.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1y1u}}
| Name = Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A
| HGNCid = 11366
| Symbol = STAT5A
| AltSymbols =; MGF; STAT5
| OMIM = 601511
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 20680
| MGIid = 103036
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_STAT5A_203010_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0003700 |text = transcription factor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004871 |text = signal transducer activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005509 |text = calcium ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005634 |text = nucleus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001553 |text = luteinization}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001779 |text = natural killer cell differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006350 |text = transcription}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007242 |text = intracellular signaling cascade}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007259 |text = JAK-STAT cascade}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007565 |text = female pregnancy}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007595 |text = lactation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008284 |text = positive regulation of cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019218 |text = regulation of steroid metabolic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019221 |text = cytokine and chemokine mediated signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0019915 |text = sequestering of lipid}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030155 |text = regulation of cell adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030856 |text = regulation of epithelial cell differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030879 |text = mammary gland development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0040018 |text = positive regulation of body size}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042104 |text = positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043029 |text = T cell homeostasis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043066 |text = negative regulation of apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045086 |text = positive regulation of interleukin-2 biosynthetic process}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045579 |text = positive regulation of B cell differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045647 |text = negative regulation of erythrocyte differentiation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045885 |text = positive regulation of survival gene product activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045931 |text = positive regulation of progression through mitotic cell cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045944 |text = positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046543 |text = development of secondary female sexual characteristics}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046544 |text = development of secondary male sexual characteristics}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050729 |text = positive regulation of inflammatory response}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 6776
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000126561
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_003143
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_003152
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 17
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 37693091
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 37717484
| Hs_Uniprot = P42229
| Mm_EntrezGene = 20850
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000004043
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_011488
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_035618
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 100675493
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 100701259
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3UZ79
}}
}}
'''Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A''', also known as '''STAT5A''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT family of transcription factors. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. This protein is activated by, and mediates the responses of many cell ligands, such as IL2, IL3, IL7 GM-CSF, erythropoietin, thrombopoietin, and different growth hormones. Activation of this protein in myeloma and lymphoma associated with a TEL/JAK2 gene fusion is independent of cell stimulus and has been shown to be essential for the tumorigenesis. The mouse counterpart of this gene is found to induce the expression of BCL2L1/BCL-X(L), which suggests the antiapoptotic function of this gene in cells.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: STAT5A signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=6776| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Kisseleva T, Bhattacharya S, Braunstein J, Schindler CW |title=Signaling through the JAK/STAT pathway, recent advances and future challenges. |journal=Gene |volume=285 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 1-24 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12039028 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Buitenhuis M, Coffer PJ, Koenderman L |title=Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5). |journal=Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. |volume=36 |issue= 11 |pages= 2120-4 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15313458 |doi= 10.1016/j.biocel.2003.11.008 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 3, 2007 1:58:10 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_TRAF6_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1lb4.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1lb4}}, {{PDB2|1lb5}}, {{PDB2|1lb6}}, {{PDB2|2jmd}}
| Name = TNF receptor-associated factor 6
| HGNCid = 12036
| Symbol = TRAF6
| AltSymbols =; MGC:3310; RNF85
| OMIM = 602355
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 3395
| MGIid = 108072
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_TRAF6_205558_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004842 |text = ubiquitin-protein ligase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004871 |text = signal transducer activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008270 |text = zinc ion binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0046872 |text = metal ion binding}}
| Component =
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000209 |text = protein polyubiquitination}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0002726 |text = positive regulation of T cell cytokine production}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006512 |text = ubiquitin cycle}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007250 |text = activation of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042981 |text = regulation of apoptosis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0043123 |text = positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB cascade}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050852 |text = T cell receptor signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050870 |text = positive regulation of T cell activation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 7189
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000175104
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_004611
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_004620
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 36467299
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 36488398
| Hs_Uniprot = Q9Y4K3
| Mm_EntrezGene = 22034
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000027164
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_009424
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_033450
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 2
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 101479279
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 101501817
| Mm_Uniprot = Q6P9M0
}}
}}
'''TNF receptor-associated factor 6''', also known as '''TRAF6''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF) protein family. TRAF proteins are associated with, and mediate signal transduction from members of the TNF receptor superfamily. This protein mediates the signaling not only from the members of the TNF receptor superfamily, but also from the members of the Toll/IL-1 family. Signals from receptors such as CD40, TNFSF11/RANCE and IL-1 have been shown to be mediated by this protein. This protein also interacts with various protein kinases including IRAK1/IRAK, SRC and PKCzeta, which provides a link between distinct signaling pathways. This protein functions as a signal transducer in the NF-kappaB pathway that activates IkappaB kinase (IKK) in response to proinflammatory cytokines. The interaction of this protein with UBE2N/UBC13, and UBE2V1/UEV1A, which are ubiquitin conjugating enzymes catalyzing the formation of polyubiquitin chains, has been found to be required for IKK activation by this protein. Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding identical proteins have been reported.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: TRAF6 TNF receptor-associated factor 6| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7189| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Wajant H, Henkler F, Scheurich P |title=The TNF-receptor-associated factor family: scaffold molecules for cytokine receptors, kinases and their regulators. |journal=Cell. Signal. |volume=13 |issue= 6 |pages= 389-400 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11384837 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bradley JR, Pober JS |title=Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs). |journal=Oncogene |volume=20 |issue= 44 |pages= 6482-91 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11607847 |doi= 10.1038/sj.onc.1204788 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Tanaka S, Nakamura K, Takahasi N, Suda T |title=Role of RANKL in physiological and pathological bone resorption and therapeutics targeting the RANKL-RANK signaling system. |journal=Immunol. Rev. |volume=208 |issue= |pages= 30-49 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16313339 |doi= 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00327.x }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
INFO: Beginning work on WAS... {November 3, 2007 1:58:48 PM PDT}
UPLOAD: Added new Image to wiki: {November 3, 2007 1:59:40 PM PDT}
AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 3, 2007 2:00:02 PM PDT}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_WAS_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1cee.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1cee}}, {{PDB2|1ej5}}, {{PDB2|1t84}}
| Name = Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (eczema-thrombocytopenia)
| HGNCid = 12731
| Symbol = WAS
| AltSymbols =; IMD2; THC; WASP
| OMIM = 300392
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 30970
| MGIid = 105059
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_WAS_38964_r_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_WAS_205400_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005083 |text = small GTPase regulator activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042802 |text = identical protein binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0012506 |text = vesicle membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015629 |text = actin cytoskeleton}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006461 |text = protein complex assembly}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006952 |text = defense response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007596 |text = blood coagulation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008544 |text = epidermis development}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016197 |text = endosome transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030041 |text = actin filament polymerization}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030048 |text = actin filament-based movement}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0042110 |text = T cell activation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 7454
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000015285
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000368
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000377
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = X
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 48427112
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 48434762
| Hs_Uniprot = P42768
| Mm_EntrezGene = 22376
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000031165
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = XM_976759
| Mm_RefseqProtein = XP_981853
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = X
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 7238425
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 7247411
| Mm_Uniprot = Q53WY0
}}
}}
'''Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (eczema-thrombocytopenia)''', also known as '''WAS''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) family of proteins share similar domain structure, and are involved in transduction of signals from receptors on the cell surface to the actin cytoskeleton. The presence of a number of different motifs suggests that they are regulated by a number of different stimuli, and interact with multiple proteins. Recent studies have demonstrated that these proteins, directly or indirectly, associate with the small GTPase, Cdc42, known to regulate formation of actin filaments, and the cytoskeletal organizing complex, Arp2/3. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is a rare, inherited, X-linked, recessive disease characterized by immune dysregulation and microthrombocytopenia, and is caused by mutations in the WAS gene. The WAS gene product is a cytoplasmic protein, expressed exclusively in hematopoietic cells, which show signalling and cytoskeletal abnormalities in WAS patients. A transcript variant arising as a result of alternative promoter usage, and containing a different 5' UTR sequence, has been described, however, its full-length nature is not known.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: WAS Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (eczema-thrombocytopenia)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=7454| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=O'Sullivan E, Kinnon C, Brickell P |title=Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein, WASP. |journal=Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. |volume=31 |issue= 3-4 |pages= 383-7 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10224664 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Snapper SB, Rosen FS |title=The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP): roles in signaling and cytoskeletal organization. |journal=Annu. Rev. Immunol. |volume=17 |issue= |pages= 905-29 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10358777 |doi= 10.1146/annurev.immunol.17.1.905 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Thrasher AJ, Kinnon C |title=The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. |journal=Clin. Exp. Immunol. |volume=120 |issue= 1 |pages= 2-9 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10759756 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}