INFO: Beginning work on AVPR2... {November 7, 2007 12:16:14 AM PST}
AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 7, 2007 12:17:16 AM PST}
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Arginine vasopressin receptor 2 (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus)
| HGNCid = 897
| Symbol = AVPR2
| AltSymbols =; ADHR; DI1; DIR; DIR3; MGC126533; MGC138386; NDI; V2R
| OMIM = 300538
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 20064
| MGIid = 88123
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_AVPR2_208111_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_AVPR2_208108_s_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0001584 |text = rhodopsin-like receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005000 |text = vasopressin receptor activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005768 |text = endosome}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005783 |text = endoplasmic reticulum}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005794 |text = Golgi apparatus}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007186 |text = G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007188 |text = G-protein signaling, coupled to cAMP nucleotide second messenger}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007190 |text = adenylate cyclase activation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007588 |text = excretion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007599 |text = hemostasis}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008150 |text = biological_process}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 554
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000126895
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000045
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000054
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = X
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 152823383
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 152825834
| Hs_Uniprot = P30518
| Mm_EntrezGene = 12000
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000031390
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_019404
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_062277
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = X
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 70126278
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 70147147
| Mm_Uniprot = Q3KNZ4
}}
}}
'''Arginine vasopressin receptor 2 (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus)''', also known as '''AVPR2''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The human AVPR2 locus encodes the vasopressin receptor, type 2, also known as the V2 receptor, located in cytogenetic band Xq28. The gene's three exons and two introns are contained within 2.1 kilobases. The L1CAM gene lies some 29 kb centromeric to AVPR2, and the C1 gene immediately teleomeric. Both are apparently transcribed in opposite orientation to AVPR2 (see NID g1302657). The AVPR2 protein product belongs to the seven-transmembrane-domain G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily, and it couples to Gs thus stimulating adenylate cyclase. The subfamily that includes the V2 receptor, the V1a and V1b vasopressin receptors, the oxytocin receptor, and isotocin and mesotocin receptors in non-mammals, is well conserved, though several members signal via other G proteins. All bind similar cyclic nonapeptide hormones. The V2 receptor is expressed in the kidney tubule, predominantly in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts, where its primary property is to respond to the pituitary hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) by stimulating mechanisms that concentrate the urine and maintain water homeostasis in the organism. When the function of this gene is lost, the disease Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (NDI) results. The V2 receptor is also expressed outside the kidney although its tissue localization is uncertain. When these 'extrarenal receptors' are stimulated by infusion of a V2 selective agonist (dDAVP), a variety of clotting factors are released into the bloodstream. The physiologic importance of this property is not known - its absence does not appear to be detrimental in NDI patients. AVPR2 expression has also been described in fetal lung tissue and lung cancer associated with alternative splicing.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: AVPR2 arginine vasopressin receptor 2 (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=554| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Birnbaumer M |title=The V2 vasopressin receptor mutations and fluid homeostasis. |journal=Cardiovasc. Res. |volume=51 |issue= 3 |pages= 409-15 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11476731 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Ishikawa SE |title=[Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus associated with mutations of vasopressin V2 receptors and aquaporin-2] |journal=Nippon Rinsho |volume=60 |issue= 2 |pages= 350-5 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11857925 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Thibonnier M, Coles P, Thibonnier A, Shoham M |title=Molecular pharmacology and modeling of vasopressin receptors. |journal=Prog. Brain Res. |volume=139 |issue= |pages= 179-96 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12436935 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Bichet DG |title=Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. |journal=Advances in chronic kidney disease |volume=13 |issue= 2 |pages= 96-104 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16580609 |doi= 10.1053/j.ackd.2006.01.006 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Robben JH, Knoers NV, Deen PM |title=Cell biological aspects of the vasopressin type-2 receptor and aquaporin 2 water channel in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. |journal=Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. |volume=291 |issue= 2 |pages= F257-70 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16825342 |doi= 10.1152/ajprenal.00491.2005 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
INFO: Beginning work on CD9... {November 7, 2007 12:17:52 AM PST}
AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 7, 2007 12:18:38 AM PST}
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{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = CD9 molecule
| HGNCid = 1709
| Symbol = CD9
| AltSymbols =; 5H9; BA2; BTCC-1; DRAP-27; GIG2; MIC3; MRP-1; P24; TSPAN29
| OMIM = 143030
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 20420
| MGIid = 88348
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_CD9_201005_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006928 |text = cell motility}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007155 |text = cell adhesion}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007342 |text = fusion of sperm to egg plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030168 |text = platelet activation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030913 |text = paranodal junction assembly}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 928
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000010278
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_001760
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_001769
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 12
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 6179134
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 6217686
| Hs_Uniprot = P21926
| Mm_EntrezGene = 12527
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000030342
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007657
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_031683
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 6
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 125425885
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 125460379
| Mm_Uniprot = P40240
}}
}}
'''CD9 molecule''', also known as '''CD9''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, also known as the tetraspanin family. Most of these members are cell-surface proteins that are characterized by the presence of four hydrophobic domains. The proteins mediate signal transduction events that play a role in the regulation of cell development, activation, growth and motility. This encoded protein is a cell surface glycoprotein that is known to complex with integrins and other transmembrane 4 superfamily proteins. It can modulate cell adhesion and migration and also trigger platelet activation and aggregation. In addition, the protein appears to promote muscle cell fusion and support myotube maintenance.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CD9 CD9 molecule| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=928| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Horejsí V, Vlcek C |title=Novel structurally distinct family of leucocyte surface glycoproteins including CD9, CD37, CD53 and CD63. |journal=FEBS Lett. |volume=288 |issue= 1-2 |pages= 1-4 |year= 1991 |pmid= 1879540 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Berditchevski F |title=Complexes of tetraspanins with integrins: more than meets the eye. |journal=J. Cell. Sci. |volume=114 |issue= Pt 23 |pages= 4143-51 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11739647 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
INFO: Beginning work on CHRNA7... {November 7, 2007 12:18:38 AM PST}
AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 7, 2007 12:18:51 AM PST}
<!-- The PBB_Controls template provides controls for Protein Box Bot, please see Template:PBB_Controls for details. -->
{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
| require_manual_inspection = no
| update_protein_box = yes
| update_summary = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image =
| image_source =
| PDB =
| Name = Cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 7
| HGNCid = 1960
| Symbol = CHRNA7
| AltSymbols =; NACHRA7
| OMIM = 118511
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 593
| MGIid = 99779
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004889 |text = nicotinic acetylcholine-activated cation-selective channel activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005216 |text = ion channel activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005230 |text = extracellular ligand-gated ion channel activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0015464 |text = acetylcholine receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030594 |text = neurotransmitter receptor activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005892 |text = nicotinic acetylcholine-gated receptor-channel complex}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016021 |text = integral to membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045211 |text = postsynaptic membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000187 |text = activation of MAPK activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006811 |text = ion transport}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007268 |text = synaptic transmission}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 1139
| Hs_Ensembl =
| Hs_RefseqProtein = XP_001127577
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = XM_001127577
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr =
| Hs_GenLoc_start =
| Hs_GenLoc_end =
| Hs_Uniprot =
| Mm_EntrezGene = 11441
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000030525
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_007390
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_031416
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 7
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 62977642
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 63091519
| Mm_Uniprot = Q53YJ9
}}
}}
'''Cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 7''', also known as '''CHRNA7''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are members of a superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels that mediate fast signal transmission at synapses. The nAChRs are thought to be hetero-pentamers composed of homologous subunits. The proposed structure for each subunit is a conserved N-terminal extracellular domain followed by three conserved transmembrane domains, a variable cytoplasmic loop, a fourth conserved transmembrane domain, and a short C-terminal extracellular region. The protein encoded by this gene forms a homo-oligomeric channel, displays marked permeability to calcium ions and is a major component of brain nicotinic receptors that are blocked by, and highly sensitive to, alpha-bungarotoxin. Once this receptor binds acetylcholine, it undergoes an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane. This gene is located in a region identified as a major susceptibility locus for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and a chromosomal location involved in the genetic transmission of schizophrenia. An evolutionarily recent partial duplication event in this region results in a hybrid containing sequence from this gene and a novel FAM7A gene.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CHRNA7 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha 7| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1139| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Green WN, Millar NS |title=Ion-channel assembly. |journal=Trends Neurosci. |volume=18 |issue= 6 |pages= 280-7 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7571003 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Hogg RC, Raggenbass M, Bertrand D |title=Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: from structure to brain function. |journal=Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol. |volume=147 |issue= |pages= 1-46 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12783266 |doi= 10.1007/s10254-003-0005-1 }}
*{{cite journal | author=Gallowitsch-Puerta M, Tracey KJ |title=Immunologic role of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and the nicotinic acetylcholine alpha 7 receptor. |journal=Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. |volume=1062 |issue= |pages= 209-19 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16461803 |doi= 10.1196/annals.1358.024 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 7, 2007 12:20:17 AM PST}
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{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_CR1_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1gkg.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1gkg}}, {{PDB2|1gkn}}, {{PDB2|1ppq}}
| Name = Complement component (3b/4b) receptor 1 (Knops blood group)
| HGNCid = 2334
| Symbol = CR1
| AltSymbols =; C3BR; CD35; KN
| OMIM = 120620
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 55474
| MGIid =
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_CR1_206244_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_CR1_208488_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_CR1_217552_x_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004872 |text = receptor activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0004877 |text = complement component C3b receptor activity}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005887 |text = integral to plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016020 |text = membrane}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006958 |text = complement activation, classical pathway}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0045087 |text = innate immune response}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 1378
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000203710
| Hs_RefseqProtein = XP_001126036
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = XM_001126036
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 1
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 205736125
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 205880615
| Hs_Uniprot = P17927
| Mm_EntrezGene =
| Mm_Ensembl =
| Mm_RefseqmRNA =
| Mm_RefseqProtein =
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr =
| Mm_GenLoc_start =
| Mm_GenLoc_end =
| Mm_Uniprot =
}}
}}
'''Complement component (3b/4b) receptor 1 (Knops blood group)''', also known as '''CR1''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = This gene is a member of the receptors of complement activation (RCA) family and is located in the 'cluster RCA' region of chromosome 1. The gene encodes a monomeric single-pass type I membrane glycoprotein found on erythrocytes, leukocytes, glomerular podocytes, and splenic follicular dendritic cells. The Knops blood group system is a system of antigens located on this protein. The protein mediates cellular binding to particles and immune complexes that have activated complement. Decreases in expression of this protein and/or mutations in its gene have been associated with gallbladder carcinomas, mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and sarcoidosis. Mutations in this gene have also been associated with a reduction in Plasmodium falciparum rosetting, conferring protection against severe malaria. Alternate allele-specific splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been characterized. Additional allele specific isoforms, including a secreted form, have been described but have not been fully characterized.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: CR1 complement component (3b/4b) receptor 1 (Knops blood group)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=1378| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Ahearn JM, Fearon DT |title=Structure and function of the complement receptors, CR1 (CD35) and CR2 (CD21). |journal=Adv. Immunol. |volume=46 |issue= |pages= 183-219 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2551147 |doi= }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 7, 2007 12:25:17 AM PST}
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{{PBB_Controls
| update_page = yes
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_IL5_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1hul.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1hul}}
| Name = Interleukin 5 (colony-stimulating factor, eosinophil)
| HGNCid = 6016
| Symbol = IL5
| AltSymbols =; EDF; IL-5; TRF
| OMIM = 147850
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 679
| MGIid = 96557
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_IL5_207952_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005125 |text = cytokine activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005137 |text = interleukin-5 receptor binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005576 |text = extracellular region}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005615 |text = extracellular space}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006954 |text = inflammatory response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006955 |text = immune response}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0050731 |text = positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 3567
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000113525
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_000870
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_000879
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 5
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 131905035
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 131907113
| Hs_Uniprot = P05113
| Mm_EntrezGene = 16191
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000036117
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_010558
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_034688
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 11
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 53564217
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 53568526
| Mm_Uniprot = Q05A89
}}
}}
'''Interleukin 5 (colony-stimulating factor, eosinophil)''', also known as '''IL5''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that acts as a growth and differentiation factor for both B cells and eosinophils. This cytokine is a main regulator of eosinopoiesis, eosinophil maturation and activation. The elevated production of this cytokine is reported to be related to asthma or hypereosinophilic syndromes. The receptor of this cytokine is a heterodimer, whose beta subunit is shared with the receptors for interleukine 3 (IL3) and colony stimulating factor 2 (CSF2/GM-CSF). This gene, together with those for interleukin 4 (IL4), interleukin 13 (IL13), and CSF2, form a cytokine gene cluster on chromosome 5. This cytokine, IL4, and IL13 are found to be regulated coordinately by long-range regulatory elements spread over 120 kilobases on chromosome 5q31.<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: IL5 interleukin 5 (colony-stimulating factor, eosinophil)| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=3567| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Broide DH, Hoffman H, Sriramarao P |title=Genes that regulate eosinophilic inflammation. |journal=Am. J. Hum. Genet. |volume=65 |issue= 2 |pages= 302-7 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10417272 |doi= }}
*{{cite journal | author=Martinez-Moczygemba M, Huston DP |title=Biology of common beta receptor-signaling cytokines: IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF. |journal=J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. |volume=112 |issue= 4 |pages= 653-65; quiz 666 |year= 2003 |pmid= 14564341 |doi= 10.1016/S0091 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
AMBIGUITY: Did not locate an acceptable page to update. {November 7, 2007 12:30:40 AM PST}
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{{PBB_Controls
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<!-- The GNF_Protein_box is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{GNF_Protein_box
| image = PBB_Protein_PRKAR2A_image.jpg
| image_source = [[Protein_Data_Bank|PDB]] rendering based on 1l6e.
| PDB = {{PDB2|1l6e}}, {{PDB2|1r2a}}, {{PDB2|2drn}}, {{PDB2|2h9r}}, {{PDB2|2hwn}}, {{PDB2|2izx}}, {{PDB2|2izy}}
| Name = Protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, alpha
| HGNCid = 9391
| Symbol = PRKAR2A
| AltSymbols =; MGC3606; PKR2; PRKAR2
| OMIM = 176910
| ECnumber =
| Homologene = 3064
| MGIid = 108025
| GeneAtlas_image1 = PBB_GE_PRKAR2A_204842_x_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image2 = PBB_GE_PRKAR2A_204843_s_at_tn.png
| GeneAtlas_image3 = PBB_GE_PRKAR2A_213052_at_tn.png
| Function = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0000166 |text = nucleotide binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005515 |text = protein binding}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0008603 |text = cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulator activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0016301 |text = kinase activity}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0030552 |text = cAMP binding}}
| Component = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005624 |text = membrane fraction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005737 |text = cytoplasm}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005886 |text = plasma membrane}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0005952 |text = cAMP-dependent protein kinase complex}}
| Process = {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0006468 |text = protein amino acid phosphorylation}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007165 |text = signal transduction}} {{GNF_GO|id=GO:0007242 |text = intracellular signaling cascade}}
| Orthologs = {{GNF_Ortholog_box
| Hs_EntrezGene = 5576
| Hs_Ensembl = ENSG00000114302
| Hs_RefseqProtein = NP_004148
| Hs_RefseqmRNA = NM_004157
| Hs_GenLoc_db =
| Hs_GenLoc_chr = 3
| Hs_GenLoc_start = 48762099
| Hs_GenLoc_end = 48860274
| Hs_Uniprot = P13861
| Mm_EntrezGene = 19087
| Mm_Ensembl = ENSMUSG00000032601
| Mm_RefseqmRNA = NM_008924
| Mm_RefseqProtein = NP_032950
| Mm_GenLoc_db =
| Mm_GenLoc_chr = 9
| Mm_GenLoc_start = 108549547
| Mm_GenLoc_end = 108606747
| Mm_Uniprot = Q8K1M3
}}
}}
'''Protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, alpha''', also known as '''PRKAR2A''', is a human [[gene]].
<!-- The PBB_Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template:PBB_Controls to Stop updates. -->
{{PBB_Summary
| section_title =
| summary_text = cAMP is a signaling molecule important for a variety of cellular functions. cAMP exerts its effects by activating the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), which transduces the signal through phosphorylation of different target proteins. The inactive holoenzyme of AMPK is a tetramer composed of two regulatory and two catalytic subunits. cAMP causes the dissociation of the inactive holoenzyme into a dimer of regulatory subunits bound to four cAMP and two free monomeric catalytic subunits. Four different regulatory subunits and three catalytic subunits of AMPK have been identified in humans. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the regulatory subunits. This subunit can be phosphorylated by the activated catalytic subunit. It may interact with various A-kinase anchoring proteins and determine the subcellular localization of AMPK. This subunit has been shown to regulate protein transport from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus and further to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).<ref>{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PRKAR2A protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type II, alpha| url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5576| accessdate = }}</ref>
}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
==Further reading==
{{refbegin | 2}}
{{PBB_Further_reading
| citations =
*{{cite journal | author=Cho-Chung YS, Nesterova MV |title=Tumor reversion: protein kinase A isozyme switching. |journal=Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. |volume=1058 |issue= |pages= 76-86 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16394127 |doi= 10.1196/annals.1359.014 }}
}}
{{refend}}
{{protein-stub}}
{November 7, 2007 12:32:37 AM PST} 
{November 7, 2007 12:33:41 AM PST} 
