Election Error

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Election Fraud

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The Openness of New Voting Technologies to Fraud

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  • CalTech/MIT Voting Technology Project.  “Immediate Steps to Avoid Lost Votes in the 2004 Presidential Election: Recommendations for the Election Assistance Commission.”  July 2004.  http://www.vote.caltech.edu/Reports/index.html 
  • Collier, James M., and Kenneth F. Collier.  Votescam: The Stealing of America .  Victoria House Press, 1992.  ISBN 0963416308
  • Harris, Bev.  Black Box Voting: Ballot Tampering in the 21st Century.  Renton , WA  : Talion Publishing/Black Box Voting, 2003.  ISBN 1890916900.  Free internet version available at http://www.blackboxvoting.org
  • Internet Policy Institute.  Report of the National Workshop on Internet Voting: Issues and Research Agenda.  March 2001.  62 pp.  Sponsored by the National Science Foundation.  Conducted in cooperation with the University of Maryland and hosted by the Freedom Forum.  http://www.nsfe-voterprt.pdf
  • Jones, Douglas W.  Voting and Elections.  Course on Computers in Voting, 22C:196, Fall 2001, Department of Computer Science, University of Iowa .  http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~jones/voting 
  • Kohno, Tadayoshi, Adam Stubblefield, Aviel D. Rubin, and Dan S. Wallach.  “Analysis of an Electronic Voting System.”  IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, Oakland CA , May 2004.  http://avirubin.com/vote/analysis/index.html 
  • Mercuri, Rebecca.  Electronic Vote Tabulation: Checks and Balances.  Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Computer and Information Systems, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania , 2001.  Available from http://www.umi.com (Thesis # 3003665). 
  • and Peter G. Neumann.  “Verification for Electronic Balloting Systems.”  Chapter 3 of Secure Electronic Voting, ed. Dimitris Gritzalis.  Advances in Information Security, vol. 7.  Boston  : Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002.  ISBN 1402073011
  • Norr, Henry. “The Risks of Touch-Screen Balloting.”  San Francisco Chronicle (4 December 2000),
  • Rubin, Aviel.  “ Testimony , U.S. Election Assistance Commission. Dr. Aviel Rubin, Professor of Computer Science, May 5, 2004.”  http://avirubin.com/vote
  • Saltman, Roy G.  Accuracy, Integrity, and Security in Computerized Vote-Tallying.  NBS Special Publication 500-158.  Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology, National Bureau of Standards. Gaithersburg , MD 20899 , August 1988.  http://www.itl.nist.gov/lab/specpubs/500-158.htm 
  • Zetter, Kim. “Time to Recall E-Vote Machines?”  Wired News (6 October 2003), . 
  • “E-Voting Undermined By Sloppiness.”  Wired News (17 December 2003), . 

Allegations and Evidence of Fraud in Recent U.S. Elections

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  • Collier, James M., and Kenneth F. Collier.  Votescam: The Stealing of America .  Victoria House Press, 1992.  ISBN 0963416308 
  • Democratic Investigative Staff, House Committee on the Judiciary.  How to Make Over One Million Votes Disappear: Electoral Sleight of Hand in the 2000 Presidential Election.  A Fifty-State Report Prepared for Rep. John Conyers, Jr. (Ranking Member, House Committee on the Judiciary; Dean, Congressional Black Caucus.  122 pp.  Washington , DC  : U.S. House of Representatives, August 20, 2001.  http://www.electionreport.pdf
  • Harris, Bev.  Black Box Voting: Ballot Tampering in the 21st Century.  Renton , WA  : Talion Publishing/Black Box Voting, 2003.  !SBN 1890916900.  Free internet version available at http://www.blackboxvoting.org
  • Zetter, Kim.  “Did E-Vote Firm Patch Election?”  Wired News (13 October 2003),   


Advance Warnings of Fraud in the 2004 Presidential Election

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Allegations and Purported Evidence of Fraud in the 2004 Presidential Election

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  • Adams, Brandon .  “An Examination of the 2004 Elections” (7 November 2004).  Includes “Total Votes Cast Outnumber Voter Turnout in Florida ,” “Floridan Votes, Sorted by Voting Technology,” “Floridan Votes, Sorted by Machine Vendor,” and “Floridan Votes, Sorted by Voting Machine Model.”  http://www.electionexamination.blogspot.com
  • Book, Sue.  “Elections problems due to a software glitch.”  Sun Journal (5 November 2004),
  • “Odds of Bush gaining by 4 percent in all exit polling states 1 in 50,000; Evoting/paper variance not found to be significant.”  The Blue Lemur (8 November 2004), http://www.bluelemur.com/index.php?p==405
  • Conyers, John Jr., Jerrold Nadler, Robert Wexler (Members of the Congress of the United States , House of Representatives).  “Letter to GAO Comptroller Walker Requesting Investigation of Voting Machines and Technologies Used in 2004 Election.”  5 November 2004.  http://www.house.gov/conyers
  • Conyers, John Jr., Jerrold Nadler, Robert Wexler, Robert C. Scott, Melvin Watt, Rush Holt (Members of the Congress of the United States, House of Representatives).  “Follow-up Letter to GAO Comptroller Walker Requesting Investigation of Voting Machines and Technologies Used in 2004 Election.”  8 November 2004.  http://www.house.gov/conyers
  • Klein, Rick.  “Internet buzz on vote fraud is dismissed.”  The Boston Globe (10 November 2004),
  • Kleinberg, Eliot.  “Broward machines count backward.”  Palm Beach Post (5 November 2004),
  • “2004 U.S. Election controversies and irregularities.”  Wikipedia (12 November 2004),

Allegations and Purported Evidence of a Cover-Up of Electoral Fraud

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  • Byrne, John.  “Odds of Bush gaining by 4 percent in all exit polling states 1 in 50,000; Evoting/paper variance not found to be significant.”  The Blue Lemur (8 November 2004), http://www.bluelemur.com/index.php?p==405
  • Keefer, Michael.  “Footprints of Electoral Fraud: The November 2 Exit Poll Scam.”   Centre for Research on Globalization (5 November 2004), http://www.globalresearch.ca/articles/KEE411A.html; Autonomy & Solidarity (5 November 2004), http://www.auto_sol.tao.ca.  Other observers have provided graphic confirmation from CNN’s screens of the tampering with exit poll percentages noted in this article.  See “Why Did CNN Change Their Exit Poll Data for Ohio After 1:00 a.m.?”  Buzzflash (3 November 2004), http://www.buzzflash.com/analysis/04/11/ana04025.html; and “Proof CNN is tampering with the election to cover the fraud.”  DemocraticUnderground (3 November 2004),    
  • Simon, Jonathan.  (Introduction by Alastair Thompson, Scoop Co-Editor.)  “47 State Exit Poll Analysis Confirms Swing Anomaly.”  Scoop (11 November 2004), http://www.opednes.com/votergate2004.htm
  • Zeller, Tom, Jr.  “Vote Fraud Theories, Spread by Blogs, Are Quickly Buried.”  The New York Times (12 November 2004)