Ottoman Swahili expedition was a campaign by the Ottoman empire to limit Portuguese expansion in East Africa.

Background

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Expedition

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Mir Ali's

References

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Notes

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A.^ The oil carried by Burmah Agate was a mixture of blended and Nigerian crude.[1]
B.^ It was feared that efforts to clean oil-fouled marshes may cause them more damage than the oil itself.[1]

Bibliography

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  1. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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