User:Sasawat/K10

AMD K10 is AMD's tenth-generation microarchitecture. It is the successor of AMD K8. AMD K10 includes Athlon X2, Athlon II, Phenom, Phenom II, and Opteron microprocessors. It is AMD's second 64 bit microarchitecture. The Phenom and Athlon processors compete with Intel Core 2 and Intel Core i7/5/3. The Opteron processors compete with Intel Xeon. AMD K10 processors have been produced for sockets AM2+, AM3, and F.

Background

In 2003, AMD outlined the features for upcoming generations of microprocessors after K8 family of processors in various events and analyst meetings, including the Microprocessor Forum 2003 ^[1]. The first K10 based processor launched was the Barcelona Opterons on September 10, 2007. The first consumer K10 microprocessor was the Phenom, launched on November 19, 2007.

Features

AMD introduced the microprocessors manufactured at 65 nm feature width using Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology, since the release of K10 coincides with the volume ramp of this manufacturing process ^[2]. The servers were produced for Socket F(1207) or later 1207-pin socket infrastructure, the only server socket on AMD's near-term roadmap; the desktop parts first came on Socket AM2+ and were backwards compatible to AM2. Later, after shifting to 45 nm consumer CPU's were released on Socket AM3 with backward compatibility to AM2+ and AM2.

The first K10 based processors used DDR2 memory. DDR3 support was added in socket AM3 chips.

Processor Cores

Opteron

Opterons are targeted at servers. Opteron cores based on K10 include Barcelona, Shanghai, and Istanbul.

Phenom

AMD Phenoms were the first AMD quad core processors targeted at consumers. Chip harvesting was used to produce the Phenom X3 series with one disabled core.

Athlon

Kuma Athlons are Phenoms with 2 disabled cores.

Phenom II

Phenom II is AMD's first 45nm consumer part. Originally released for Socket AM2+ with Phenom II X4 940 and 920 processors, all later models are for Socket AM3. X3 and X2 version are made by Chip Harvesting Black Edition Phenom II's have an unlocked multiplier and have been overclocked to more than 7GHz.

Athlon II

Athlon II's are like Phenom II's but with no L3 cache. Athlon II X3's are made by chip harvesting but not the X2 version. AMD has confirmed that some Athlon II's will be Phenom II's with disabled L3 cache.

Opteron models

Opteron (65 nm SOI)

Quad-core — Barcelona (23yy, 83yy), Budapest (13yy)

CPU-Steppings: BA, B3
L1-Cache: 64 + 64 KB (Data + Instructions) per core
L2-Cache: 512 KB, fullspeed per core
L3-Cache: 2048 KB, shared
MMX, Extended 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, AMD64, SSE4a
Socket F, Socket AM2+, HyperTransport 3.0 (1.6 GHz-2.0 GHz)
Registered DDR2 SDRAM required, ECC possible
VCore: 1.2 V
Max Power (TDP): ?
NX Bit
AMD-V Virtualization
Split power plane dynamic power management
First Release: September 10, 2007
Clockrate: 1700–2500 MHz

Opteron (45 nm SOI)

Quad-core — Shanghai

CPU-Steppings: C2
L3-Cache: 6 MB, shared
Clockrate: 2300–2900 MHz
HyperTransport 1.0, 3.0
20% reduction in idle power consumption[1]
support for DDR2 800MHz memory [2]

Opteron (45 nm SOI)

Six-core — Istanbul

The newest and fastest Opteron processors available, released 1 June 2009.

CPU-Steppings: ??
L3-Cache: 6 MB, shared
Clockrate: 2200–2800 MHz
HyperTransport 3.0
HT–Assist
support for DDR2 800MHz memory [3]

Phenom models

Phenom X4

Agena (65 nm SOI)

Four AMD K10 cores
L1 cache: 64 KB + 64 KB^[3] (data + instructions) per core
L2 cache: 512 KB per core, full-speed
L3 cache: 2 MB shared between all cores
Memory controller: dual channel DDR2-1066 MHz with unganging option
MMX, Extended 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, NX bit, AMD-V
Socket AM2+, HyperTransport with 1600 to 2000 MHz
Power consumption (TDP): 65, 95, 125 and 140 Watt
First release
- November 19, 2007 (B2 Stepping)
- March 27, 2008 (B3 Stepping)
Clock rate: 1800 to 2600 MHz
Models: Phenom X4 9100e to 9950

Phenom X3

Toliman (65 nm SOI)

Three AMD K10 cores
L1 cache: 64 KB data and 64 KB instruction cache per core
L2 cache: 512 KB per core, full-speed
L3 cache: 2 MB shared between all cores
Memory controller: dual channel DDR2-1066 MHz with unganging option
MMX, Extended 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, NX bit, AMD-V
Socket AM2+, HyperTransport with 1600 to 1800 MHz
Power consumption (TDP): 65 and 95 Watt
First release
- March 27, 2008 (B2 Stepping)
- April 23, 2008 (B3 Stepping)
Clock rate: 2100 to 2500 MHz
Models: Phenom X3 8250e to 8850

Athlon models

Kuma (65nm SOI)

AMD K10 Microarchitecture
CPU-Stepping: B3
L1-Cache: 64 + 64KB (Data + Instructions), per core
L2-Cache: 512 KB fullspeed, per core
L3-Cache: 2MB (shared)
MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, Enhanced 3DNow!, NX bit, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, AMD-V
Socket AM2+, HyperTransport (1800 MHz, HT3.0)
VCore: 1.05V - 1.25V
Die Size: 288 mm²
Power Consumption: (TDP): 95 Watt
First Release: December 15, 2008
Clockrate: 2300 - 2800 MHz
- 6500BE: 2300 MHz
- 7450: 2400 MHz
- 7550: 2500 MHz
- 7750BE: 2700 MHz
- 7850BE: 2800 MHz

Phenom II models

Deneb (45 nm SOI with Immersion Lithography)

Four AMD K10 cores
L1 cache: 64 kB + 64 kB (data + instructions) per core
L2 cache: 512 kB per core, full-speed
L3 cache: 6 MB shared between all cores. The 800 series have 2 MB of its L3 Cache disabled due to defects.
Memory controller: dual channel DDR2-1066 MHz (AM2+), dual channel DDR3-1333 (AM3) with unganging option
MMX, Extended 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, NX bit, AMD-V
Socket AM2+, Socket AM3, HyperTransport with 1800 to 2000 MHz
Power consumption (TDP): 65, 95, 125 and 140 Watt
First release
- 8 January 2009 (C2 Stepping)
Clock rate: 2500 to 3400 MHz
Models: Phenom II X4 805 to 965

Heka (45 nm SOI with Immersion Lithography)

Three AMD K10 cores using chip harvesting technique, with one core disabled
L1 cache: 64 kB + 64 kB (data + instructions) per core
L2 cache: 512 kB per core, full-speed
L3 cache: 6 MB shared between all cores
Memory controller: dual channel DDR2-1066 MHz (AM2+), dual channel DDR3-1333 (AM3) with unganging option
MMX, Extended 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, NX bit, AMD-V
Socket AM3, HyperTransport with 2000 MHz
Power consumption (TDP): 65 and 95 Watt
First release
- 9 February 2009 (C2 Stepping)
Clock rate: 2500 to 2800 MHz
Models: Phenom II X3 705e to 720

Callisto (45 nm SOI with Immersion Lithography)

Two AMD K10 cores using chip harvesting technique, with two cores disabled
L1 cache: 64 kB + 64 kB (data + instructions) per core
L2 cache: 512 kB per core, full-speed
L3 cache: 6 MB shared between all cores
Memory controller: dual channel DDR2-1066 MHz (AM2+), dual channel DDR3-1333 (AM3) with unganging option
MMX, Extended 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, NX bit, AMD-V
Socket AM3, HyperTransport with 2000 MHz
Power consumption (TDP): 80 Watt
First release
- 1 June 2009 (C2 Stepping)
Clock rate: 3000 to 3100 MHz
Models: Phenom II X2 545 to 550

Athlon II Models

Regor (45 nm SOI with Immersion Lithography)

Two AMD K10 cores
L1 cache: 64 kB + 64 kB (data + instructions) per core
L2 cache: 1024 kB per core, full-speed
Memory controller: dual channel DDR2-1066 MHz (AM2+), dual channel DDR3-1333 (AM3) with unganging option
MMX, Extended 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, NX bit, AMD-V
Socket AM3, HyperTransport with 2000 MHz
Power consumption (TDP): 65 Watt
First release
- June 2009 (C2 Stepping)
Clock rate: 2800 - 3000 MHz
Models: Athlon II X2 240 - 250

Propus (45 nm SOI with Immersion Lithography)

^[4] ^[5]

Four AMD K10 cores
L1 cache: 64 kB + 64 kB (data + instructions) per core
L2 cache: 512 kB per core, full-speed
Memory controller: dual channel DDR2-1066 MHz (AM2+), dual channel DDR3-1333 (AM3) with unganging option
MMX, Extended 3DNow!, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSE4a, AMD64, Cool'n'Quiet, NX bit, AMD-V
Socket AM3, HyperTransport with 2000 MHz
Power consumption (TDP): 45 Watt or 95 Watt
First release
- September 2009 (C2 Stepping)
Clock rate: 2200 - 2800 MHz
Models: Athlon II X4 600e, 605e, 620, 630, 635

^ Microprocessor Forum 2003 presentation slide
^ "An AMD Update: Fab 36 Begins Shipments, Planning for 65 nm process and AM2 Performance". AnandTech. 2006-04-04.
^ In this article, the conventional prefixes for computer memory denote base-2 values whereby “kilobyte” (KB) = 2¹⁰ bytes.
^ Athlon II: Viele neue Exemplare der neuen Einsteiger-Prozessoren von AMD
^ In arrivo nuovi processori Athlon II da AMD

[1] Microprocessor Forum 2003 presentation slide

[2] "An AMD Update: Fab 36 Begins Shipments, Planning for 65 nm process and AM2 Performance". AnandTech. 2006-04-04.

[BinaryPrefix-3] In this article, the conventional prefixes for computer memory denote base-2 values whereby “kilobyte” (KB) = 2¹⁰ bytes.

[4] Athlon II: Viele neue Exemplare der neuen Einsteiger-Prozessoren von AMD

[5] In arrivo nuovi processori Athlon II da AMD

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]