The nightmare that is List of mayors of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
editHoly shit the Chief Burgess situation is an absolute mess. From what I could gather, they where elected from within the borough council, usually for a single year. There could be dozens of them. It was a mostly ceremonial role, and the internet is actually devoid of any meaningful lists of them. I did find a book by Drinker-Bowen listing off a couple Lehigh professors who became Burgess but other than that, the only other one I could find was the first one. In Northside its even more of a mess, I actually stumbled across this whole situation while making an article on a state senator who happened to have been a Burgess there. thanks a lot Kemerer.
I am 99% sure that a full list of all the different borough's chief Burgesses exists as microfilm in the Pennsylvania state archives per this, but I have no way of accessing them.
North Bethlehem
edit"Between 1845 and 1879, for example, fifteen men filled the annually elected office of Chief Burgess, and all but one, who served a one-year term, belonged to the Moravian Congregation. During the same thirty-five year period, eight of these former Chief Burgesses were elected to seats on the borough council. Taken together, these eight served a total of forty-seven years as councilmen. With the exception of one Moravian minister, all were businessmen."[1]
"For a list of Burgesses and councilmen of Bethlehem, see, Ordinances of Town Council of the Borough of Bethlehem, Bethlehem, Pa., 1896, PP• 169-186."[1]
Can't find this vaunted 1896 version, in-fact it would be ideal to find a 1917 version, but I did find the 1873 version and updated the list with that
References
edit- ^ a b Vadasz, Thomas Patrick (1975). The history of an industrial community, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, 1741-1920. College of William & Mary.
I doubt that I will find enough article talking about the rest of the mayors at great length, but I should also focus on trying to wrap up the list and make it up to date.
Who was mayor from 1909 to 1912?
edit
Who was mayor from 1929 to 1933?
editThe Lignite Energy Council (LEC) is a trade association for the coal industry in the United States whose self stated mission statement is to "protect, maintain and enhance development of our region’s abundant lignite resource" through four methods; education, government action, public relations and marketing, and research and development.[1]
Activities
editThe LEC holds an annual meeting in Bismark, North Dakota discussing the coal industry and policies.[2]
In 2023 the meeting revolved around opposing Joe Biden's green energy policies which the LEC views as a threat to business.[2]
Jason Bohrer, president and CEO of the council stated "The Biden Administration has imposed regulations that threaten some of those relationships, as well as threatens the way that the industry does business."[2]
The LEC is heavily involved in North Dakotan politics, as the coal industry is a $5.7 billion per year industry in the state.[2]
The LEC states that they have 3,000 direct employees and another 13,000 indirect employees as of 2023.[2]
The LEC advocates for the interests of the North Dakotan coal mining industry, which accounts for nearly $2.2 billion toward the state’s gross domestic product in 2022, 2.6% of the state’s gross state product and 4% of the state’s gross business volume, as well as 12,000 direct and secondary jobs and over $1 billion in wages.[3]
Most studies about the economic impact of the coal industry in North Dakota are also commissioned by the LEC.[3]
Criticism
editThe LEC is heavily criticized in Democratic dominated Minnesota for their support of Republican efforts to block "clean energy" legislation through the LEC's Coalition for a Secure Energy Future PAC.[4] Due to it's influence on Minnesota's politics, the organization has also been criticized due to being North Dakota based, and receiving funding from the North Dakota Industrial Commission.[4]
The LEC would be criticized by Keith Ellison, the Attorney General of Minnesota, due to utilities companies financing the group, meaning that the ratepayers for these utilities are in turn financing a political organization.[5] Ellison's office also submitted testimony to the Minnesota Public Utilities Commission due to a Minnesota based company, Otter Tail Power, donating to the group, stating that the LEC does not benefit electric ratepayers.[5] Ellison also objected to the North Dakota-centric outlook of the LEC, as the LEC primarily supports North Dakota based coal mines and power plants.[5] Otter Tail had $47,545 from it's ratepayers paid to the LEC.[5] Other companies that have spent ratepayer money to the LEC include; Minnesota Power, Montana-Dakota Utilities, Great River Energy, Minnkota Power Cooperative, and Basin Electric.[5] Ellison also highlighted that the LEC's goals may not align with the politics of the ratepayers that where made to pay dues to the LEC, highlighting the LEC blocking clean energy policies and supporting Donald Trump's effort to replace the Clean Power Plan.[5]
References
edit- ^ "About Us". lignite.com. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
- ^ a b c d e Gick, Justin. "Coal industry doing well in North Dakota despite Biden Administration's energy policies". KFYR-TV. NBC. Retrieved 21 October 2024.
- ^ a b "New economic study shows impact of lignite industry on ND". Minot Daily News. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
- ^ a b Smyth, Joe; Weinmann, Karlee. "North Dakota has spent millions on a coal industry campaign targeting 100% clean energy legislation in Minnesota". Energy and Policy Institute. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f Smyth, Joe. "Lignite Energy Council shouldn't be funded by utility ratepayers, Minnesota Attorney General argues". Energy and Policy Institute. Retrieved 27 June 2024.
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16][17] [18] [19] [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]
McClintic-Marshall Construction Company
editMcClintic-Marshall Construction Company [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56]
Murder of Archil Tatunashvili
edit[57] [58] [59] [60] [61] [62] [63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] [69] [70] [71] [72] [73] [74] [75] [76] [77]
List of Parliaments of South Ossetia
editNote: This is going to live on the Parliament of South Ossetia page. I am just making this for ease of access on my end when I'm working on the pages. What are these going to be? Im going to try and do this like the "___ United States Congress" articles, like 34th United States Congress for example. It's going to consist of a:
- Lede
- Important events during the tenure
- Composition
- Members list
- Branches/Committees(?)
The last one is going to be hard to find, I should just omit it, but hey, it'll be a fun challenge in the meantime
Stumbled across this source about just what I am trying to do, talk about the historical composition of Parliament, which stated that 221 people have served as MPs, however, it doesn't give much more than that. [78] however, this is just the parliament's website, so they keep records of their sessions here [79]
1990-1993, elected in the 1990 South Ossetian parliamentary election
1993-1994, elected in the 1990 South Ossetian parliamentary election
1994-1996, elected in the 1994 South Ossetian State Nykhas election
1996-1999, elected in the 1994 South Ossetian parliamentary election
1999-2004, elected in the 1999 South Ossetian parliamentary election
2004-2009, elected in the 2004 South Ossetian parliamentary election
2009-2014, elected in the 2009 South Ossetian parliamentary election
2014-2019, elected in the 2014 South Ossetian parliamentary election
2019-2024, elected in the 2019 South Ossetian parliamentary election
2024-2029, elected in the 2024 South Ossetian parliamentary election
2029-2035, elected in the 2029 South Ossetian parliamentary election
Ostaev, along with Ivan Slanov, and chairman of the defense and security committee, Atsamaz Bibilov, approved Konstantin Dzhussoev being named Prime Minister of South Ossetia following an interview with the committee.[1]
In 2022 Ostaev, alongside Arsen Kvezerov and Harry Muldarov, personally delivered aid to Ossetian fighters on the side of Russia during their invasion of Ukraine.[2]
References
edit- ^ "The Committee of the Parliament of South Ossetia approved the candidacy of Konstantin Dzhussoev for the post of head of the Cabinet". cominf.org. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
- ^ "Депутаты парламента Южной Осетии доставили для военнослужащих очередную партию гуманитарной помощи". cominf.org. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
Slanov, along with Robert Ostaev, and chairman of the defense and security committee, Atsamaz Bibilov, approved Konstantin Dzhussoev being named Prime Minister of South Ossetia following an interview with the committee.[1]
References
edit- ^ "The Committee of the Parliament of South Ossetia approved the candidacy of Konstantin Dzhussoev for the post of head of the Cabinet". cominf.org. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
[113] Redirect Inal Mamiyev
Gabaraev was named Eduard Kokoity's Healthcare Minister on November 1, 2008, following a massive change-up in the country's executive.[1]
References
edit- ^ "S.Ossetian Cabinet Revamped". Civil Georgia. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
Gupta (also spelled Gufta) refers to two municipalities on either bank of the Great Liakhvi river, located at the confluence of the Liakhvi and Patsa rivers. The constituent villages of Didi-Gupta is located on the west bank, while Zemo-Gupta is located on the east bank.
Muldarov began his political career when he was elected to the Parliament of South Ossetia during the 2019 election as a member of United Ossetia.[1] Muldarov left the party in 2020 during the protests following the Murder of Inal Djabiev.[1] Alongside Muldarov, four other MPs defected, and joined Muldarov's new political party For Justice.[1]
Muldarov would stand for President of South Ossetia during the 2022 presidential election getting 9.33% of the vote in the first round, or 2,592 votes, coming in a distant fourth place and being eliminated.[2] He was heavily supported by David Sanakoev, and afterwards he would endorse eventual winner Alan Gagloev.[2]
In 2022 Muldarov, alongside Arsen Kvezerov and Robert Ostaev, personally delivered aid to Ossetian fighters on the side of Russia during their invasion of Ukraine.[3]
Despite supporting Gagloev, his and his supporters relationship with the new government quickly soured when Gagloev supposedly refused to met with, or even talk to Muldarov and his parliamentary block.[2] On February 29, 2024, Muldarov would have his Russian citizenship revoked for promoting the creation of a "state border" between South Ossetia and Georgia, a move Muldarov claims was orchestrated by Gagloev to damage his opposition.[2]
References
edit- ^ a b c Келехсаева, Ирина. "За справедливость Мулдаров поборется своими силами". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
- ^ a b c d "В Россию уже нельзя, можно ли в парламент?". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 12 June 2024.
- ^ "Депутаты парламента Южной Осетии доставили для военнослужащих очередную партию гуманитарной помощи". cominf.org. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
Medoev is a member of the Parliament of South Ossetia, for the People's Party.[1]
Medoev joined Harry Muldarov, accusing members of the pro-Russian establishment of smuggling cigarettes and other contraband over the border, bypassing dues and customs.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b Келехсаева, Ирина. "За справедливость Мулдаров поборется своими силами". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
[135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145] Цхинвальский городской совет
KGB
* City of Easton
* Borough of West Easton
* Borough of Wilson
* Borough of Glendon
* Palmer Township
* Forks Township
* Williams Township
The concept of a greater, or expanded Easton, Pennsylvania, has been the objective of the municipality at several times in recent history.
In 1916, nearby Bethlehem was undergoing extensive expansion, absorbing the boroughs of south and west Bethelhem, Northampton Heights, and several villages such as Hottlesville, Altonah, Macada, and Shimersville. In an attempt to keep pace with Bethlehem, in both size and prestige, Easton attempted to annex vast portions of Wilson and Palmer townships, however, these efforts fell through as Pennsylvania passed a law requiring the absorbed municipality to vote in favor of annexation, and Wilson instead became an independent borough.[1]
In 1964 Easton mayor George S. Smith announced that the "consolidation" of Palmer township into Easton was imminent and would be complete within the next four years.[2] Smith also made a "particular plea" to Wilson's residents to consider consolidation too, once Palmer was part of the city.[2] Unlike other merger propositions, Smith insisted that Palmer and Easton would be "equals" in the creation of a new municipality.[2]
In 1974 the neighboring borough of Glendon held a referendum on being annexed by Easton which was resoundingly defeated, with 138 votes in favor of independence and just 7 in favor of annexation.[3]
In 1983 the issue of merging Easton, Palmer, Forks, Williams, Wilson, West Easton, and Glendon passed in Easton, however, was resoundingly defeated in the other municipalities.[4]
In 1989 Glendon's council held an argument over being absorbed, hosting a delegation of Easton politicians, led by then mayor Salvatore J. Panto Jr..[3] At the time, Panto was also seeking the absorption of West Easton and Wilson, however, Glendon was the only borough to hear his arguments.[3] Panto argued that by becoming part of Easton the residents would have better water and sewer infrastructure, and would allow for better maintenance of Interstate 78 which had recently opened.[3] He closed by arguing that by merging the combined municipality could attract more industry and jobs to the region, which had recently become part of the larger rust belt.[3] Easton Council President William Houston then gave another speech where he stated that Easton would oppose the construction of a controversial trash incinerator in Glendon and that Easton would cover the former borough's legal expenses.[3] Glendon councilman Leo Templeton was the only voice supporting annexation, arguing that by 2009 neither Glendon, nor West Easton nor Wilson would exist, and that annexation was inevitable.[3] However, the council ultimately rejected exploring the issue further due to an ongoing dispute with the Easton Sewer Authority, which is also in charge with sewage in the greater Easton area, increasing charges while reducing capacity outside of Easton city limits.[3] After the issue of the sewers was resolved West Easton allowed Panto to make his case before a borough council meeting, and was unable to sway them to merge.[5]
In 1995 Easton's mayor, Thomas F. Goldsmith, proposed merging West Easton, Glendon and Wilson into a single municipality for a more efficient use of municipal resources.[6] This came shortly before Goldsmith was set to deliver a report from the Pennsylvania League of Cities and Municipalities to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives on municipal budgets and taxes. During his speech Goldsmith stated "We’re asking the state to give us enabling legislation to allow us to consolidate municipalities" and that "They could merge with each other, or Easton could be involved."[6] Joseph Bendel, mayor of McKeesport, and then president of the League, reported that there where 2,600 municipalities in Pennsylvania that where too small and "disjointed" to operate efficiently, and proposed a massive consolidation effort.[6] Despite this, the House introduced no such consolidation bill.[6] The proposed merger between the three boroughs was seemingly well received by local politicians.[6] Wilson Council's Vice President Gary Tomaino stating that although the borough isn't ready for merger at the moment, that it would be by 2005.[6] West Easton Mayor Gerald Gross additionally said that the merger would benifit the communities and residents, but opposed merger into Easton itself.[6]
In 2007 The Patriot-News columnist Tony Rhodin proposed merging Easton, Wilson, Palmer, Forks, West Easton, Glendon, and Williams into a single municipality, with one police department, one fire department, and one school district, in an effort to reduce municipal costs during the 2007–2008 financial crisis, as well as to increase Easton's sway on state-wide politics.[1] Rhodin also argued that the region was already, culturally, a continuation of Easton as most of the surrounding borough's residents had moved out of Easton during the departure of industry in the late 1980's during the creation of the rust belt.[1]
In 2012 mayor Panto refused to renew a contract with West Easton to have that borough be under the protection of the Easton Police Department, stating it was unfair to the taxpayers of Easton.[7] In response, West Easton scrambled to form it's own police department, and a rather divisive debate was held in the borough over if it was even economically feasible for such a small community to maintain a police force.[7] During this it was proposed by several local residents, and even by the Editorial Staff of the The Express-Times that a merger with Easton would solve most, if not all, of the municipalities woes, and would be far easier than making a new department from scratch.[7] Despite this, the borough council pushed ahead with creating the police department in 2013.[7]
However, local backlash to feared increase of taxes to create the police department saw the local government, including it's mayor, who had served for 33-years, and had been on the borough council for 20 years before that, step down.[8] By 2022 the newcomers on the borough council stated that the "demands made upon municipalities are ever-increasing and the resources are ever-diminishing" and that the future of "small municipalities" was merger, specifically proposing merging with Glendon and Wilson.[8]
References
edit- ^ a b c Rhodin, Tony. "Merger a true hope for Easton's future". The Patriot-News. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
- ^ a b c "Best laid plans". The Express-Times. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "GLENDON HEARS MERGER PROPOSAL EASTON OFFICIALS RESURRECT IDEA BEFORE BOROUGH COUNCIL". The Morning Call. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
- ^ Frassinelli, Brue. "Joining forces for the greater good". Times News. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
- ^ "W. EASTON TO PAY SEWER BOARD AND TALK MERGER WITH EASTON". The Morning Call. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g "GOLDSMITH: 3 BOROUGHS SHOULD MERGE". The Morning Call. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
- ^ a b c d "EDITORIAL: Last thing West Easton needs is its own police department". The Express-Times. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
- ^ a b Miller, Rudy. "He led this small Northampton County town out of the Dark Ages. Or did he?". The Express-Times. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
redirect Ibragim Guramovich Kharebov
redirect Alexander Vadimovich Gassiev
redirect Soslan Guramovich Gagiev
redirect Alan Ruslanovich Khugaev
redirect Eldar Nodarovich Akhmedov
redirect Alik Grigorievich Dzagoev
Civic Area – Edelweiss – For Our Valley was an electoral alliance in the Aosta Valley between two centrist autonomist parties, Civic Area – For Our Valley and Edelweiss
| Crispo Κρίσπο | |
|---|---|
| Noble family | |
 | |
| Founder | Francesco I Crispo |
| Final ruler | Giacomo IV Crispo |
| Historic seat | Duchy of the Archipelago |
Category:House of Crispo
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The Westmoreland Republican was a newspaper published in Greensburg, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania from 1818 to 1865.
Congress # sn83025974
OCLC # 2269504
History
editThe Register
editThe newspaper started life in 1799 as The Farmer’s Register, by John M. Snowden with William McCorkle as editor. Snowden, a native of Philadelphia struggled with his business ventures and sold the paper to W. S. Graham in 1808 who renamed the paper to The Greensburg and Indiana Register and later the The Westmoreland and Indiana Register and lastly to just The Register in 1812 to save cost on printing the masthead.[1] In 1811 newspaper cost $2.25 for a yearly subscription, and contained columns reporting on news in Europe, Congress, and occasionally printed addresses from President, such as Thomas Jefferson's address to Alexander Hamilton's death.[1] However, the newspaper struggled to stay afloat, and began selling space to rags to cover costs, allowing almost anyone to write in the paper under a pseudonym for a fee, including then congressmen William Findley.[1]
Democratic-Republican takeover
editIn 1811 the Federalists established a newspaper in Greensburg in 1811 named the Greensburg Gazette which spurred local Democratic Republicans, led by Frederick A. Wise, to purchase the fledgling Register in 1818 renaming it to the The Westmoreland Republican.[2] In 1825 the newspaper purchased it's local rival, the Farmers' Chronicle and became the Westmoreland Republican and Farmers' Chronicle which would be published until 1865.[3] In 1830 Wise sold the paper to one Joseph Russell in partnership with a local printer David K. Marchant, who bought Russell's shares in 1844, and then sold the paper to Andrew Graham in 1861 who quickly sold the paper to the James F. Campbell & Company who renamed the paper back to just the Westmoreland Republican before selling the paper to local lawyer William A. Stokes in 1863.[1] Stokes had been a longtime contributor to the newspaper, and sold it to W. W. Keenan, the owner of the rival Greensburg Democrat, in 1864, with the new merged paper being renamed to the Westmoreland Democrat.[1] The Westmoreland Democrat would remain in publication until closing in 1945.[4]
References
edit- ^ a b c d e "History of Westmoreland County Volume 1 Chapter 25". pa-roots.com. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
- ^ "The Westmoreland Republican (Greensburgh [Greensburg], Pa.) 1818-1825". Library of Congress. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ "The Westmoreland Republican and Farmers' Chronicle (Greensburgh [Greensburg], Pa.) 1825-1864". Library of Congress. Retrieved 10 November 2024.
- ^ "The Westmoreland Democrat (Greensburg, Pa.) 1876-1945". Library of Congress. Retrieved 11 November 2024.
The PIAST (Polish ImAging SaTelites) constellation is a planned constellation of three 6U Nano Satellites developed by the Polish Ministry of National Defence and Polish Space Agency for Earth observation purposes.
Development
editIn October 2021 it was announced private space firms were hired to form a consortium consisting of Creotech instruments, PAN Centre for Space Research, Scanway Space, the Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute of Aviation, PCO S.A. (a company owned by the Polish Armaments Group) under the leadership of the Military University of Technology.[1]
The project costs zł70 million, 40% of which was allocated to Creotech for the manufacturing.[2]
The constellation is named after the Piast dynasty, the first royal family of Poland.[3]
The spacecraft's body was constructed by Creotech on the basis of their HyperSat platform.[1] Additionally, Creotech is using the same Ion thrusters they developed for the EagleEye for the PIAST constellation.[2]
Scanway was responsible for the construction of two of the three high-resolution Earth Observation telescopes.[4]
Each satellite is designed to have a five-meter resolution.[3]
The earth observation satellites will be used to help targeting for JASSM-ER missiles or ATACMS missiles.[5] They will also help coordinate forces on the ground, and allow for better mission management.[6]
When the project was announced it was reported it would take 48 months to develop, and would launch sometime in 2024.[1]
The constellation is part of the Szafir program, an effort by the Polish government to increase the connectivity and cooperation between scientific institutions and private firms.[1]
The satellite program is part of an effort by the Polish government to subsidize the domestic space industry to make it easier for future satellite development.[5]
In April 2023 it was announced by Creotech that PIAST had completed the Preliminary Design Review and that manufacturing and assembly of the satellites had begun and that launch was now expected to take place in 2025.[7]
In June 2024 it was announced Terma A/S was hired to deploy a full Mission Control Center for the satellites' operations.[8]
Shortly after Fleischer Consulting announced they had been hired to deliver Software and Hardware for the Mission Control.[9]
References
edit- ^ a b c d "The First Commercial Order For Creotech's HyperSat Smallsat Platform Is Received". satnews. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ a b Adamowski, Jarosław. "Polish Armed Forces enlist industry consortium for imaging nanosatellites". SpaceNews. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ a b Gizmajer, Marek (26 September 2024). "Cosmic progress as Poland rockets into space age". PolandWeekly. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ "TIME HORIZON". scanway. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ a b "Polish constellation of observation microsatellites for security and defense purposes – key agreement signed". lukasiewicz. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ "PIAST and MILGEOMED projects at Military University of Technology". scienceinpoland. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ "Creotech Instruments reaches another milestone in PIAST project". creotech. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ "Terma Signs Contract with Polish Military University of Technology to Deliver Comprehensive Ground Segment Suite". Terma A/S. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
- ^ "Software and Hardware Delivery for Satellite Mission Control". fleischer. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
[164][165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175]