User:SeriousThinker/sandbox

Order of Vytautas the Great
with the Golden Chain
Order of Vytautas the Great; with the Golden Chain ;
	<img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Full_view_of_Order_of_Vytautas_with_GC_and_Star.jpg/200px-Full_view_of_Order_of_Vytautas_with_GC_and_Star.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="310" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="366" data-file-height="567">
Awarded by the sovereign of the Republic of Lithuania
Type	Order of chivalry
Established	1930
Motto	For God and the Empire
Eligibility	Lithuanian nationals or anyone who has made a significant achievement for the Republic of Lithuania
Awarded for	Prominent national or regional achievements
Status	Currently constituted
Sovereign	Queen Elizabeth II
Grand Master	Vacant
Grades	Knight/Dame Grand Cross (GBE); Knight/Dame Commander (KBE/DBE); Commander (CBE); Officer (OBE); Member (MBE); Medal (BEM)
Former grades	Medal of the Order for Gallantry;
Precedence
Next (lower)	Varies, depending on rank
	<img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Military%29_Ribbon.svg/90px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Military%29_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="215"> ; Military ribbon; <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.svg/90px-Order_of_the_British_Empire_%28Civil%29_Ribbon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="215"> ; Civil ribbon; ;

Monarchy of Lithuania
Monarchy of Lithuania
	<img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg/120px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="163" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="380"> Royal coat of arms
	<img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Lithuanian_King_Mindaugas_in_1578.png/200px-Lithuanian_King_Mindaugas_in_1578.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="527" data-file-height="527"> King Mindaugas
Details
Style	His/Her Majesty
First monarch	Mindaugas I
Last monarch	Stanisław II August
Formation	1253
Abolition	1795
Residence	Mindaugas' Castle, Voruta (1253−1263); Gediminas' Castle, Vilnius (late 13th century−late 15th century); Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania, Vilnius (late 15th century−1665)
Appointer	Hereditary (1253–1574); Szlachta (1574–1795); Hereditary (1918)
Pretender(s)	Prince Inigo, Duke of Urach (disputed)

Amy has a house.^[1] After decades of struggle, the monarchy was overthrown in 1912 and the Republic of China (ROC) was established. Despite China's eventual victory in the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Pacific War in general, numerous atrocities such as the Nanjing Massacre left lasting effects on the country. Concurrently during this period, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Kuomintang (KMT) government were fighting sporadically since 1927, with a brief truce as a united front when Japan began invading the country. The second phase of the civil war resumed not long after Japan was defeated, and by 1949, the CCP had established control on most of the territories of the country. As the KMT retreated to Taiwan, the country was split with both sides claiming to be the sole legitimate government of China. After the land reforms, later attempts to realize communism failed—the Great Leap Forward led to a massive famine of millions of citizens, while the Cultural Revolution caused a chaotic period of persecution and zealous Maoist populism. In 1971, the PRC replaced the ROC as China's representation in the United Nations (UN). Following the Sino-Soviet split, the Shanghai Communiqué in 1972 marked the beginning of normalized relations with the United States. Economic reforms that began in 1978 led by reformists within the CCP moved the country away from a socialist planned economy toward an increasingly capitalist market economy, spurring significant economic growth, although liberal and democratic political reforms stalled after the June Fourth Incident in 1989.

Notes

^ Smith 2014, p. 42.

Citations

Smith, Sam (2014). The History of House Building. BRILL. doi:10.1163/9789004363816. ISBN 9789004363816. Retrieved 8 October 2018. A

Timeline table

Estonia		Latvia		Lithuania
North Estonia	South Estonia	North Latvia	South Latvia	North Lithuania	South Lithuania	West Lithuania
Finnic tribes		Baltic tribes
Danish Estonia 1219–1346	Livonian Order 1237–1561			Kingdom of Lithuania 1251–1263
				Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1263–1655		Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1263–1274
						State of the Teutonic Order 1274–1561
Livonian Order 1346–1561
Swedish Estonia 1561–1721	Duchy of Livonia		Duchy of Livonia			Duchy of Prussia
				Swedish Lithuania 1655–1657
				Grand Duchy of Lithuania 1657–1795
	Swedish Livonia
Governorate of Estonia	Governorate of Livonia		Duchy of Courland and Semigallia	Governorate of Kaunas	Governorate of Vilnius	Kingdom of Prussia
			Courland Governorate
Republic of Estonia 1918–1940		Republic of Latvia 1918–1940		Kingdom of Lithuania 1918		Memelland * 1920–1924
				Republic of Lithuania 1918–1940	Republic of Lithuania 1918–1920
						Republic of Lithuania 1924–1938
					Republic of Central Lithuania 1920–1922
					Republic of Poland 1922–1939
					Republic of Lithuania 1939–1940
Estonian SSR 1940		Latvian SSR 1940		Lithuanian SSR 1940		German Reich 1938–1945
Generalbezirk Estland 1940–1944		Generalbezirk Lettland 1940–1944		Generalbezirk Litauen 1940–1944
Estonian SSR 1944–1991		Latvian SSR 1944–1990		Lithuanian SSR 1944–1990
Republic of Estonia (EU) Since 1991		Republic of Latvia (EU) Since 1991		Republic of Lithuania (EU) Since 1990

Titles in pretence
SeriousThinker/sandbox House of Urach Cadet branch of the House of Württemberg Born: 12 April 1962
Preceded by Wilhelm Albert, Duke of Urach	— TITULAR — King of Lithuania 1 February 1992 – present Reason for succession failure: Preposition to restore the monarchy withdrawn in 1918 by the Council of Lithuania	Incumbent Heir: Prince Eberhard of Urach

First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Lithuania

#	Name (Birth–Death)	In office		Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet	General Secretary of the CPSU
1	Antanas Sniečkus (1903–1974)	July 13, 1944 – January 22, 1974	Communist Party of Lithuania	Justas Paleckis (1899–1980)	Generalissimus Joseph Stalin (1878–1953)
					Nikita Khruschev (1894–1971)
					Leonid Brezhnev(1906–1982)
				Motiejus Šumauskas (1905–1982)
–	Valery Khazarov (1918–2013)	January 22, 1974 – February 18, 1974	Communist Party of Lithuania
–	Petras Griškevičius (1924–1987)	February 18, 1974– November 14, 1987
2
				Antanas Barkauskas (1899–1980)
					Yuri Andropov(1906–1982)
					Konstantin Chernenko(1906–1982)
					Mikhail Gorbachev(1906–1982)
	Nikolay Mitkin (1929–1998)	November 14, 1987 – December 1, 1987	Communist Party of Lithuania
–
–				Ringaudas Songaila (1929–2019)
3	Ringaudas Songaila (1929–2019)	December 1, 1987– October 19, 1988	Communist Party of Lithuania	Ringaudas Songaila (1930–2017)
3	Algirdas Brazauskas (1903–1974)	January 15, 1990– March 11, 1990	Communist Party of Lithuania
4
4				Algirdas Brazauskas (1903–1974)
March 11, 1990 — Restoration of Independence

First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Lithuania

#	Name (Birth–Death)	In office		Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet	General Secretary of the CPSU
1	Antanas Sniečkus (1903–1974)	July 13, 1944 – January 22, 1974	Communist Party of Lithuania	Justas Paleckis (1899–1980)	Joseph Stalin
					Nikita Khruschev
					Leonid Brezhnev
				Motiejus Šumauskas (1905–1982)
–	Valery Khazarov (1918–2013) Acting	January 22, 1974 – February 18, 1974	Communist Party of Lithuania
–	Petras Griškevičius (1924–1987)	February 18, 1974– November 14, 1987
2
				Antanas Barkauskas (1899–1980)
					Yuri Andropov
					Konstantin Chernenko
					Mikhail Gorbachev
	Nikolay Mitkin (1929–1998) Acting	November 14, 1987 – December 1, 1987	Communist Party of Lithuania
–
–				Ringaudas Songaila (1929–2019)
3	Ringaudas Songaila (1929–2019)	December 1, 1987– October 19, 1988	Communist Party of Lithuania	Ringaudas Songaila (1930–2017)
3	Algirdas Brazauskas (1903–1974)	January 15, 1990– March 11, 1990	Communist Party of Lithuania
4
4				Algirdas Brazauskas (1903–1974)
March 11, 1990 — Restoration of Independence

#	Name (Birth–Death)	Term		Election	Prime Minister
1	Algirdas Brazauskas (1932–2010)	February 25, 1993 – February 25, 1998	Democratic Labour Party of Lithuania	14 February, 1993	Adolfas Šleževičius
					Laurynas Mindaugas Stankevičius
					Gediminas Vagnorius
2	Valdas Adamkus (born 1926)	February 26, 1998 – February 26, 2003	Independent
2	Valdas Adamkus (born 1926)	February 26, 1998 – February 26, 2003	Independent		Kazys Grinius
	Rolandas Paksas (born 1956)	February 26, 2003 – April 6, 2004	Order and Justice	21 December, 1922 By the Seimas
3
					Ernestas Galvanauskas
					Antanas Tumėnas
					Vytautas Petrulis
					Leonas Bistras
April 6, 2004 — Impeachement of Rolandas Paksas
–	Artūras Paulauskas (born 1953) Acting	April 6, 2004 – July 12, 2004	New Union	Unelected — acting President following the impeachement	Augustinas Voldemaras
–	Aleksandras Stulginskis (1885–1969) Acting	December 19, 1926	Lithuanian Christian Democratic Party	Unelected — acting President following coup d''état
–	Antanas Smetona (1874–1944)	December 19, 1926 – June 15, 1940	Lithuanian Nationalist Union	December 19, 1926 By the undemocratic approval of Seimas in one-candidate elections
4
					Juozas Tūbelis
					Juozas Tūbelis
					Juozas Tūbelis
				December 11, 1931 By the undemocratic approval of Special Nation Representatives in one-candidate elections	Juozas Tūbelis
					Vladas Mironas
				October 14, 1938 By the undemocratic approval of Special Nation Representatives in one-candidate elections	Vladas Mironas
					Jonas Černius
					Antanas Merkys
–	Antanas Merkys (1877–1955) Acting	June 15, 1940 – June 17, 1940	Lithuanian Nationalist Union	Unelected — de jure acting President	Antanas Merkys

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^ As King of Lithuania
^ As Grand Duke of Lithuania
^ Only formally held by King Mindaugas I and King-elect Mindaugas II.
^ "Guide to the Honours". BBC News. BBC. 10 June 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2016.

[FOOTNOTESmith201442-1] Smith 2014, p. 42.

[2] As King of Lithuania

[3] As Grand Duke of Lithuania

[4] Only formally held by King Mindaugas I and King-elect Mindaugas II.

[5] "Guide to the Honours". BBC News. BBC. 10 June 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2016.

[1]

[3]

[1]

[2]

[4]

Monarchy of Lithuania
Royal coat of arms

King Mindaugas


Details
Style	His/Her Majesty^[3]
First monarch	Mindaugas I^[1]
Last monarch	Stanisław II August^[2]
Formation	1253
Abolition	1795
Residence	Mindaugas' Castle, Voruta (1253−1263) Gediminas' Castle, Vilnius (late 13th century−late 15th century) Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania, Vilnius (late 15th century−1665)
Appointer	Hereditary (1253–1574) Szlachta (1574–1795) Hereditary (1918)
Pretender(s)	Prince Inigo, Duke of Urach (disputed)