User:Sjones23/Warsaw Philharmonic Orchestra

The Warsaw National Philharmonic Orchestra (Polish: Orkiestra Filharmonii Narodowej w Warszawie), founded in 1901, is one of Poland's oldest musical institutions. It was organized on initiative of an assembly of Polish aristocrats and financiers, as well as musicians. Between 1901 and the outbreak of World War II in 1939, several virtuoso- and conductor-composers regularly performed their works with the orchestra, including Edvard Grieg, Arthur Honegger, Leoncavallo, Prokofiev, Rachmaninoff, Maurice Ravel, Camille Saint-Saëns, Richard Strauss, and Igor Stravinsky. Among the other luminaries who played with the Philharmonic were pianists Ignacy Jan Paderewski and Arthur Rubinstein, violinists Jascha Heifetz and Pablo de Sarasate, and cellist Pablo Casals. The Philharmonic has played host to the Chopin International Piano Competition since the contest began in 1927, and also appeared at the inaugural Wieniawski International Violin Competition (1935) and Universal Festival of Polish Art (1937).

World War II interrupted the Philharmonic's activity and robbed the orchestra of much of its prominence in European musical life. The orchestra lost half its members to the war, as well as its elegant building, which had been erected and modeled after the Paris Opera around the start of the 20th century by Karol Kozłowski. Although the orchestra resumed its regular season in 1947-48, it had to wait until 1955 for its home to be finally rebuilt, albeit in a new style. When the building was dedicated on February 21, the Philharmonic was proclaimed the National Orchestra of Poland.

The conductor Witold Rowicki was responsible for helping modernize the ensemble and ensuring the orchestra cultivated Polish music both old and recent, as represented by the works of Frédéric Chopin, Henryk Górecki, and Witold Lutosławski, without failing also to refine its mastery of the world repertoire. At home, the orchestra performs in the Warsaw Autumn International Festival of Contemporary Music besides accompanying the final rounds of the Chopin International Piano Competitions, while abroad it has toured the five continents to critical acclaim.

History

Foundation

A meeting was organised in the Warsaw Musical Society during the late 19th century to create suitable conditions for the development of Poland's musical culture. Attending the meeting were composers Zygmunt Noskowski and Władysław Żeleński. Emil Młynarski, the director of the Grand Theatre, Warsaw, promoted the idea of founding a philharmonic orchestra. In 1899, a limited company was established with its shareholders coming from the Polish aristocracy and business circles. Construction of the Philharmonic's building began on 26 May 1900.

The Warsaw Philharmonic's first concert took place on 5 November 1901, conducted by Młynarski. The first concert's programme consisted of Żeleński's Żyj pieśni cantata, Ignacy Jan Paderewski's Piano Concerto in A minor, as well as some minor works by Chopin.

Recordings

Films, video games and anime

The orchestra has been associated with anime, as well as films and video games. Notable anime series include Gankutsuou: The Count of Monte Cristo, Cowboy Bebop, Soukyuu no Fafner, Giant Robo: The Animation, Ah! My Goddess: The Movie, Princess Nine, Vision of Escaflowne, Wolf's Rain, Hellsing Ultimate, Genesis of Aquarion, and more recently, Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood. It has also recorded music for Namco's Ace Combat 5: The Unsung War, and together with the Hollywood Session Orchestra, for the SEGA action-RPG Phantasy Star Universe. The orchestra also recorded part of the score to Avalon, composed by Kenji Kawai. Most recently, they have recorded music for the Square Enix video game Final Fantasy XIII.

Sources

• Bychawska, Maria; Schiller, Henryk, eds. (2001). 100 lat Filharmonii w Warszawie. 1901 - 2001 (in Polish). Filharmonia Narodowa. OCLC 749349305. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
• Biegański, Krzysztof (1960). Filharmonia Narodowa (in Polish). Warsaw: Polish Music Publishing House. OCLC 12869395. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
• Biegański, Krzysztof (1960). National Philharmonic. Marianna Abrahamowicz, translator. Warsaw: Polish Music Publishing House. OCLC 450828.
• Gołębiowski, Marian (2010). Warszawska Filharmonia Narodowa na pięciu kontynentach (in Polish). Filharmonia Narodowa. OCLC 774147718. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)