test
editExternal videos | |
---|---|
Titanic Memorial (x:xx), C‑SPAN[1] |
External videos | |
---|---|
Jimmy Wales on the birth of Wikipedia (20:05), Ted Talks[2] | |
Jimmy Wales - Free Speech, Free Minds and Free Markets (1:43:45), Ford Hall Forum[3] | |
Jimmy Wales 10th anniversary global call to action (1:31), Wikimedia Foundation[4] |
{{external media | width = 210px | align = right | headerimage= [[File:WLANL - Techdiva 1.0 - De slaapkamer (detail), Vincent van Gogh (1888).jpg|210px]] | video1 =[http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/van-goghs-the-bedroom.html van Gogh's The Bedroom] (4:44), [[Smarthistory]]<ref name="smarth A">{{cite web | title =van Gogh's The Bedroom | work = | publisher =[[Smarthistory]] at [[Khan Academy]] | date = | url =http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/van-goghs-the-bedroom.html | accessdate =February 2, 2013 }}</ref> | video2 =[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pgOm9rjEtgI Discoloration of Van Gogh's 'Bedroom'] (10:20), [[Van Gogh Museum]]<ref name="VGMuse">{{cite web| title =Discoloration of Van Gogh's 'Bedroom' | work = | publisher =[[Van Gogh Museum]] | date = | url =http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pgOm9rjEtgI | accessdate =February 2, 2013 }}</ref> | video3 =[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0PRb2Qevx5g Petites phrases, grandes histoires: Van Gogh] (5:28), in French, [[Musée d'Orsay]]<ref name="Orsay">{{cite web | title =Petites phrases, grandes histoires: Van Gogh | work = | publisher =[[Musée d'Orsay]] | date = | url =http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0PRb2Qevx5g | accessdate =February 2, 2013 }}</ref> }}
- ^ "Titanic Memorial". C-SPAN. January 25, 2013. Retrieved March 15, 2013.
- ^ "Jimmy Wales on the birth of Wikipedia". TED Talks. July, 2005. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|date=
(help) - ^ "Jimmy Wales - Free Speech, Free Minds and Free Markets". Ford Hall Forum. September 11, 2008. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
- ^ "Jimmy Wales 10th anniversary global call to action". Wikimedia Foundation. January 3, 2013. Retrieved March 13, 2013.
Cite Formats
editcite formats
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<ref name="">{{cite web | last = | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = | work = | publisher = | year = | url = | format = | doi = | accessdate = }}</ref>
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List of Quaker Meetinghouses in the United States
editList of Quaker Meetinghouses in the United States identifies the notable buildings in the United States that were constructed by
Notable buildings built by Quaker meetings, or extensively used for Quaker purposes, are grouped by state.
Delaware
editJulia Tourianski (Declaration of Bitcoin's Independence, Brave The World) Roger Ver (Bitcoin Evangelist, also known as the "Bitcoin Jesus") Paul Joseph Watson (InfoWars) Jeff Berwick (The Dollar Vigilante, Anarchast) Jeffrey Tucker (CLO, LIberty.me) Charlie Shrem (BitInstant)
Gavin Wood (Ethereum)
Patrick M. Byrne (overstock.com, "Bitcoin Messiah") Amir Taaki (Libbitcoin, Dark Wallet, Dark Market) Chris Ellis (World Crypto Network)
Max Keiser (Keiser Report, MaxCoin, STARTcoin) Stacy Herbert (Keiser Report, STARTcoin)
Andreas Antonopoulos (bitcoinbook.info, serial tech-entrepreneur, Let’s Talk Bitcoin)
New Jersey
editBuilding | Image | Dates | Location | City, State | Description | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Arney's Mount Meetinghouse | 1926 built 1987 NRHP-listed |
1346 Tuscaloosa Ave. 33°29′33″N 86°51′19″W / 33.49250°N 86.85528°W |
Birmingham, Alabama | Classical Revival building which served as a Masonic Hall until 1985 when it was sold and converted to office space. The building was destroyed in a fire on New Year's Day, 1996, but, oddly remains NRHP-listed in 2009.[1][2] | |
2 | Little Egg Harbor Meetinghouse | 1926 built 1987 NRHP-listed |
1346 Tuscaloosa Ave. 33°29′33″N 86°51′19″W / 33.49250°N 86.85528°W |
Birmingham, Alabama | Classical Revival building which served as a Masonic Hall until 1985 when it was sold and converted to office space. The building was destroyed in a fire on New Year's Day, 1996, but, oddly remains NRHP-listed in 2009.[3][2] |
Pennsylvania
editBuilding | Image | Dates | Location | City, State | Description | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | West End Masonic Temple | 1926 built 1987 NRHP-listed |
1346 Tuscaloosa Ave. 33°29′33″N 86°51′19″W / 33.49250°N 86.85528°W |
Birmingham, Alabama | Classical Revival building which served as a Masonic Hall until 1985 when it was sold and converted to office space. The building was destroyed in a fire on New Year's Day, 1996, but, oddly remains NRHP-listed in 2009.[4][2] |
References
editTitle | Image | Artist | Year | Location | Coordinates | Material | Dimensions | Owner |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Eagle (sculpture) | Clodius F. Legrand and Sons | 1797 | wood: mahogany Mahogany | IAS 88320003[1] | ||||
Eagle (World War I Memorial) | J. Otto Schweizer | 1923 | metal: bronze Eagle: bronze; Base: granite with bronze medallions & shields; Base: granite | IAS PA000084[2] | ||||
Eagles (Weinman) | Adolph A. Weinman | 1903 | stone granite Sculpture: pink Milford granite; Base: stone | IAS 75009398[3] | ||||
Earth, Air, Fire, Water, (Gates) | Christopher T. Ray | 1971 | metal: iron Gates: iron and glass | IAS 77001327[4] | ||||
East Pediment (Donato) | Giuseppe Donato | 1940 | stone: limestone Pediment: Indiana limestone | IAS PA000423[5] | ||||
Eight Heads (sculpture) | Unknown | 1927 | stone: Sculpture: stone | IAS PA001149[6] | ||||
The Eight (McKenzie) | R. Tait McKenzie | 1930 | metal: bronze Figure group: bronze; Base: painted concrete, reinforced with metal | IAS 77001608[7] | ||||
Emancipation Proclamation Fountain | Gerd Utescher | 1964 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: concrete | IAS 77001301[8] | ||||
Evelyn Taylor Price Memorial Sundial | Beatrice Fenton | 1947 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: granite | IAS 75009327[9] | ||||
Face Fragment (Love) | Arlene Love | 1975 | mixed: Sculpture: fiberglass reinforced polyester resin with gold-leaf patina, and brass; Base: concrete | IAS 77001289[10] | ||||
Families (Keyser) | Evelyn Keyser | 1976 | metal: aluminum Cut, bent, & welded aluminum | IAS PA000081[11] | ||||
Family of Bears (Winter) | Sherl Joseph Winter | 1966 | concrete: precast Sculpture: precast concrete | IAS 75009362[12] | ||||
Family of Man (Nivola) | Costantino Nivola | 1961 | mixed: Cast concrete and sand, reinforced with steel (?) | IAS 88320126[13] | ||||
The Family (Papashvily) | George Papashvily | 1898 | IAS 75009383[14] | |||||
Family (Noguchi) | Isamu Noguchi | 1957 | stone: marble Stony Creek Connecticut gray granite and red granite | IAS 46040004[15] | ||||
The Family (Parks) | Charles Cropper Parks | 1970 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: brick | IAS 88320128[16] | ||||
Family (Lieberman) | Neil Lieberman | 1935 | metal: Metal | IAS PA000395[17] | ||||
The Family (Greenberg) | Joseph J. Greenberg | 1975 | plastic: fiberglass Sculpture: laminated fiberglass and epoxy resins with copper exterior; Base: stone | IAS PA001068[18] | ||||
Family with Twins (Keyser) | Evelyn Keyser | 1968 | metal: aluminum Aluminum, 3/16 in. thick | IAS PA000080[19] | ||||
Fantasy Animal (Fuhrman) | James Fuhrman | 1943 | metal: steel Weathering steel | IAS PA000602[20] | ||||
Felis Leo (Lawrie) | Archer Lawrie | 1950 | stone: limestone Relief: limestone | IAS 75009335[21] | ||||
Felis Tigris | Archer Lawrie | 1951 | stone: limestone Relief: limestone | IAS 75009336[22] | ||||
Fence (Leavitt) | Greg Leavitt | 1947 | metal: iron Wrought iron | IAS PA000605[23] | ||||
Fidelity Mutual Life Insurance Company Building | Lee Oskar Lawrie | 1926 | metal: bronze Bronze, limestone, and granite reliefs | IAS 77006549[24] | ||||
Figure in Blue Marble (Bintliff) | Katherine Joy Bintliff | 1966 | stone: marble Blue marble on a concrete base | IAS 88320116[25] | ||||
Finland Monument (Aaltonen) | Vaino Aaltonen | 1938 | stone: granite Sculpture: red Finnish granite; Upper base: diorite; Lower base: grey granite | IAS PA000156[26] | ||||
Fire Engine (Kimmelman) | Harold Kimmelman | 1972 | metal | IAS PA001150[27] | ||||
Fire Scene (Kimmelman) | Harold Kimmelman | 1976 | metal: bronze Bronze | IAS PA000610[28] | ||||
Fire (Fredenthal) | Robinson Fredenthal | 1973 | metal: steel Sculpture: Cor-Ten steel | IAS PA000522[29] | ||||
Fireman Carrying a Hatchet (Jones) | Dexter Jones | 1967 | metal: aluminum | IAS PA000608[30] | ||||
Fireman Rescuing a Woman (Utescher) | Gerd Utescher | 1912 | metal: bronze | IAS PA000387[31] | ||||
Firemen (Utescher) | Gerd Utescher | 1964 | metal: Relief: metal | IAS 75009370[32] | ||||
First Step (Clark) | Ken Clark | 1977 | metal: steel Sculpture: weathering steel (?), painted; Foundation: metal | IAS PA000607[33] | ||||
The Fishing Bear (Frudakis) | Evangelos Frudakis | 1972 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: stone | IAS 77002840[34] | ||||
Fiske Doors, St. Mark's Church | Samuel Yellin | 1919 | mixed: Wood, painted red, and hand-wrought iron | IAS PA000499[35] | ||||
Flame (Winter) | Sherl Joseph Winter | 1968 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Fountain basin: Belgian marble and concrete | IAS 77001206[36] | ||||
Flat Face and Pillars (sculpture) | Unknown | 1900 | mixed: Sculpture: concrete, steel, gold-colored metal; Base: bed of stones | IAS PA000144[37] | ||||
Floating Figure (Lachaise) | Gaston Lachaise | 1927 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: marble | IAS 77001325[38] | ||||
Florentine Lions (sculpture) | Unknown | 1849 | metal: bronze Lions: bronze; Bases: concrete on brick | IAS 88320034[39] | ||||
Fordham Memorial Fountain | Unknown | 1914 | metal: copper Copper on steel base | IAS PA000023[40] | ||||
Fountain and Sculpture (Bogle) | Jon Bogle | 1974 | metal: Sculpture: metal; Base: concrete | IAS PA001155[41] | ||||
Fountain (Ray) | Christopher T. Ray | 1970 | metal: copper Sculpture: painted wrought copper; Fountain basin: fiberglass | IAS 75009384[42] | ||||
Fountain (sculpture) | Unknown | 1900 | stone: marble Sculpture: marble; Upper basin: granite or sandstone | IAS PA000377[43] | ||||
Fountain (sculpture) | Unknown | 1971 | IAS PA001161[44] | |||||
Fountain (Morgan) | Richard S. Morgan | 1995 | ceramic: Unglazed ceramic | IAS PA000200[45] | ||||
Fountain Sculpture (Greenberg) | Joseph J. Greenberg | 1970 | metal: bronze Bronze | IAS 77001312[46] | ||||
Fountain with Patterned Mosaic Base (Pei) | I. M. Pei | 1966 | concrete: Painted concrete | IAS PA001159[47] | ||||
Fountain with Winged Figures (Greber) | Henri Leon Greber | 1900 | stone: limestone Sculpture: limestone; Base: limestone | IAS PA000064[48] | ||||
The Four Continents: Africa (Calder) | Alexander Stirling Calder | 1920 | stone: granite Granite on a brick and granite base | IAS 76005661[49] | ||||
The Four Continents: America (Calder) | Alexander Stirling Calder | 1920 | stone: granite Granite on a brick and granite base | IAS 88320081[50] | ||||
The Four Continents: Asia (Calder) | Alexander Stirling Calder | 1920 | stone: granite Granite on a brick and granite base | IAS 88320082[51] | ||||
The Four Continents: Europe (Calder) | Alexander Stirling Calder | 1920 | stone: granite Granite on a brick and granite base | IAS 88320083[52] | ||||
Flame (Winter) | Sherl Joseph Winter | 1968 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Fountain basin: Belgian marble and concrete | IAS 77001206[53] | ||||
Flat Face and Pillars (sculpture) | Unknown | 1900 | mixed: Sculpture: concrete, steel, gold-colored metal; Base: bed of stones | IAS PA000144[54] | ||||
Floating Figure (Lachaise) | Gaston Lachaise | 1927 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: marble | IAS 77001325[55] | ||||
Florentine Lions (sculpture) | Unknown | 1849 | metal: bronze Lions: bronze; Bases: concrete on brick | IAS 88320034[56] | ||||
Fordham Memorial Fountain | Unknown | 1914 | metal: copper Copper on steel base | IAS PA000023[57] | ||||
Fountain and Sculpture (Bogle) | Jon Bogle | 1974 | metal: Sculpture: metal; Base: concrete | IAS PA001155[58] | ||||
Fountain (Ray) | Christopher T. Ray | 1970 | metal: copper Sculpture: painted wrought copper; Fountain basin: fiberglass | IAS 75009384[59] | ||||
Fountain (sculpture) | Unknown | 1900 | stone: marble Sculpture: marble; Upper basin: granite or sandstone | IAS PA000377[60] | ||||
Fountain (sculpture) | Unknown | 1971 | IAS PA001161[61] | |||||
Fountain Sculpture (Greenberg) | Joseph J. Greenberg | 1970 | metal: bronze Bronze | IAS 77001312[62] | ||||
Fountain with Patterned Mosaic Base (Pei) | I. M. Pei | 1966 | concrete: Painted concrete | IAS PA001159[63] | ||||
Fountain with Winged Figures (Greber) | Henri Leon Greber | 1900 | stone: limestone Sculpture: limestone; Base: limestone | IAS PA000064[64] | ||||
The Four Continents: Africa (Calder) | Alexander Stirling Calder | 1920 | stone: granite Granite on a brick and granite base | IAS 76005661[65] | ||||
The Four Continents: America (Calder) | Alexander Stirling Calder | 1920 | stone: granite Granite on a brick and granite base | IAS 88320081[66] | ||||
The Four Continents: Asia (Calder) | Alexander Stirling Calder | 1920 | stone: granite Granite on a brick and granite base | IAS 88320082[67] | ||||
The Four Continents: Europe (Calder) | Alexander Stirling Calder | 1920 | stone: granite Granite on a brick and granite base | IAS 88320083[68] | ||||
Four Metal Bas-Reliefs (Wallis) | Charles Wallis | 1973 | metal: Each sculpture: metal and concrete; Each base: slate, painted | IAS PA001101[69] | ||||
Fractured Column (Sisko) | Paul Sisko | 1977 | metal: steel Brushed stainless steel | IAS PA000152[70] | ||||
Francisco de Miranda (Gonzalez) | Lorenzo Gonzalez | 1977 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: granite | IAS PA001092[71] | ||||
Frank Furness Gateway | Frank Furness | 1876 | stone: sandstone Brown Connecticut sandstone | IAS 75009289[72] | ||||
Franz Schubert (Baerer) | Henry Baerer | 1891 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: limestone and granite with bronze plaque | IAS 75009315[73] | ||||
Frederick Douglass (Washington) | James W. Washington | 1969 | stone: granite Imperial mahogany granite | IAS 75009417[74] | ||||
Frederick Douglass (Washington) | James W. Washington | 1969 | stone: granite Granite | IAS 88320139[75] | ||||
Frederick Graff Memorial | Unknown | 1800 | IAS 75009268[76] | |||||
Frederick Graff Memorial, (sculpture) | Unknown | 1844 | stone: marble Marble on a granite base | IAS 88320030[77] | ||||
Free Flight (Kimmelman) | Harold Kimmelman | 1971 | steel: Sculpture: welded stainless steal; Base: concrete | IAS 75009404[78] | ||||
Free Interpretation of Plant Forms | Harry Bertoia | 1967 | metal: bronze Sculpture: welded copper tubing and bronze rods. (4 tons) | IAS 77001292[79] | ||||
Freedom Symbol, (sculpture) | Joseph J. Greenberg | 1968 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: concrete | IAS 75009393[80] | ||||
A Friend, (sculpture) | Charles Cropper Parks | 1976 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze, painted; Base: concrete | IAS PA000420[81] | ||||
(Frog and Seal), (sculpture) | Unknown | 1943 | concrete: Animals: concrete, painted red; Bases: concrete | IAS PA000393[82] | ||||
(Frogs), (sculpture) | B. Ridgeway | 1927 | stone: limestone Frogs: limestone; Foundations: concrete | IAS PA000374[83] | ||||
The Funder, (sculpture) | Tonnie Jones | 1971 | metal: bronze Bronze on a concrete base | IAS 75009403[84] | ||||
Gardel Monument, (sculpture) | Guillaume Geefs | 1862 | stone: marble Granite and Italian marble | IAS 88320028[85] | ||||
Gardens for Connecticut General Life Insurance Company, (sculpture) | Isamu Noguchi | 1956 | IAS 87560869[86] | |||||
Gates and Gargoyles, (sculpture) | Samuel Yellin | 1912 | metal: iron Wrought iron, painted | IAS PA001152[87] | ||||
The Gates of Hell, (sculpture) | Auguste Rodin | 1880 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze | IAS PA001090[88] | ||||
Gates, (sculpture) | Samuel Yellin | 1923 | metal: iron Hand-wrought iron | IAS PA000407[89] | ||||
(Gates), (sculpture) | Samuel Yellin | 1925 | metal: iron Wrought iron, painted | IAS PA000408[90] | ||||
(Gates), (sculpture) | Samuel Yellin | 1934 | metal: iron Wrought iron | IAS PA000612[91] | ||||
Gates, (sculpture) | Samuel Yellin | 1926 | metal: iron Iron | IAS PA001058[92] | ||||
Geometric Abstract Form (Fuhrman) | James Fuhrman | 1972 | metal: steel Cor-Ten steel | IAS PA000134[93] | ||||
George and Meta Conor-Wood Memorial Fountain | Ahron Ben-Shmuel | 1942 | granite: Sculpture: Coopersburg granite; Base: stone walls with slate steps and capping | IAS 75009310[94] | ||||
George McKenzie Poinsett Memorial | Unknown | 1914 | stone: granite Sculpture: Rhode Island granite | IAS PA001111[95] | ||||
George Washington Carver (Washington) | James W. Washington | 1909 | IAS 75009416[96] | |||||
George Washington Carver (Washington) | James W. Washington | 1969 | stone: granite Granite | IAS 88320138[97] | ||||
George Washington Monument (Siemering) | Rudolf Siemering | 1897 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: granite | IAS 75009269[98] | ||||
George Washington (Bailly) | Joseph Alexis Bailly | 1869 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze: Base: marble and granite | IAS 75009321[99] | ||||
George Washington (Houdon) | Jean Antoine Houdon | 1790 | metal: bronze Bronze; Base: granite | IAS 75009328[100] | ||||
George Washington (Bailly) | Joseph Alexis Bailly | 1869 | stone: marble Marble | IAS 75009346[101] | ||||
Giant Frog (Chapin) | Cornelia Van Auken Chapin | 1941 | stone: granite Sculpture: granite; Base: stone | IAS 75009326[102] | ||||
Giraffe (Mitchell) | Henry Mitchell | 1955 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze | IAS 75009385[103] | ||||
Giraffe (Kimmelman) | Harold Kimmelman | 1969 | metal: steel Welded stainless steel | IAS 75009409[104] | ||||
Giraffes (Mitchell) | Henry Mitchell | 1960 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: bluestone | IAS 75009345[105] | ||||
Girl with Basin (Hoffman) | Edward Fenno Hoffman | 1958 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: concrete | IAS 75009392[106] | ||||
Golden Slipper (Kimmelman) | Harold Kimmelman | 1977 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze or brass with gold leaf; Base: concrete | IAS PA000600[107] | ||||
Gopher (Kimmelman) | Harold Kimmelman | 1923 | IAS 75009388[108] | |||||
Gorilla (Greenberg) | Joseph J. Greenberg | 1965 | stone: limestone Relief: Indiana limestone | IAS 75009341[109] | ||||
Gov. Johan Printz (Lindborg) | Carl Lindborg | 1972 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: Barre, Vermont granite | IAS 77001076[110] | ||||
Government of the People (Lipchitz) | Jacques Lipchitz | 1975 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: concrete and stone | IAS 77001300[111] | ||||
Grand Army of the Republic Fountain | Unknown | 1893 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: iron | IAS PA000147[112] | ||||
The Great Doctor (Raemisch) | Waldemar Raemisch | 1955 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: concrete | IAS 88320090[113] | ||||
The Great Mother (Raemisch) | Waldemar Raemisch | 1955 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: concrete | IAS 75009279[114] | ||||
Great Seals of Cities and States | Leon Hermant | 1926 | stone: granite Granite | IAS PA000493[115] | ||||
Greek Warrior (Capralos) | Christos Capralos | 1969 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: concrete | IAS PA000083[116] | ||||
Grubbtown Civil War Monument | Unknown | 1899 | stone: marble Sculpture: marble and granite; Base: marble and granite | IAS PA001732[117] | ||||
Guardians of Fire (Utescher) | Gerd Utescher | 1964 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: concrete amalgam | IAS 75009374[118] | ||||
Guglielmo Marconi (Saleppichi) | Giancarlo Saleppichi | 1975 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: granite or marble | IAS PA000191[119] | ||||
Haddy (Jones) | Dexter Jones | 1970 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: granite, natural rock | IAS 75009343[120] | ||||
Harry Bertoia Sculpture (Bertoia) | Harry Bertoia | 1974 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze with green patina; Base: cement | IAS PA000688[121] | ||||
Head of Artemis (sculpture) | Unknown | 1700 | stone: Stone | IAS PA000473[122] | ||||
Helical Form (Daley) | William P. Daley | 1971 | metal: bronze Sculpture: Tomasil bronze; Base: limestone | IAS 75009365[123] | ||||
Hemicycle Decorative Plaque (Architects) | Alexander Kemp | 1877 | ceramic: terra cotta Terra cotta | IAS 77001484[124] | ||||
Hemicycle Decorative Plaque (Painters) | Alexander Kemp | 1877 | ceramic: terra cotta Terra cotta | IAS 88320041[125] | ||||
Hemicycle Decorative Plaque (Painters) | Alexander Kemp | 1877 | ceramic: terra cotta Terra cotta | IAS 88320042[126] | ||||
Hemicycle Decorative Plaque (Painters) | Alexander Kemp | 1877 | ceramic: terra cotta Terra cotta | IAS 88320044[127]; IAS 88320045[128] | ||||
Hemicycle Decorative Plaque (Sculptors) | Alexander Kemp | 1877 | ceramic: terra cotta Terra cotta | IAS 88320043[129] | ||||
Henry Howard Houston Memorial | John Massey Rhind | 1900 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: granite | IAS 75009295[130] | ||||
Henry M. Phillips Memorial Fountain | Henry Mitchell | 1915 | IAS 75009277[131][132] | |||||
Heroic Figure of Man (Greenberg) | Joseph J. Greenberg | 1963 | metal: bronze Bronze on a black marble base | IAS 77001295[133] | ||||
The Hewer (Barnard) | George Grey Barnard | 1901 | metal: bronze Bronze on concrete base | IAS 75004399[134] | ||||
Hippo Family (Schiwetz) | Berthold Tex Schiwetz | 1962 | metal: bronze Bronze | IAS 75009411[135] | ||||
Hippo Mother and Baby (Mitchell) | Henry Mitchell | 1955 | metal: bronze Sculptures: bronze | IAS 75009337[136] | ||||
Hirst Tomb (Tarr) | H. S. Tarr | 1858 | stone: marble Marble | IAS 88320027[137] | ||||
History of Printing (sculpture) | Unknown | 1927 | stone: limestone Pediment: Indiana limestone | IAS 88320091[138] | ||||
Horse (Mitchell) | Henry Mitchell | 1915 | IAS 75009380[139] | |||||
Horse (Levy) | Margaret Wasserman Levy | 1969 | plastic: acrylic Acrylic (?) | IAS PA000059[140] | ||||
Horses Drawing Fire Engine (Godfrey) | John Godfrey | 1964 | metal: bronze Relief: bronze | IAS PA001087[141] | ||||
Hose Team in Action (Kimmelman) | Harold Kimmelman | 1977 | metal: aluminum Aluminum strips | IAS PA000398[142] | ||||
Hudson Bay Wolves (Kemeys) | Edward Kemeys | 1872 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: dark polished granite | IAS 75009331[143] | ||||
Il Porcellino (Tacca) | Pietro Tacca | 1613 | metal: bronze Bronze on a black marble base | IAS 88320134[144] | ||||
Impala Fountain | Henry Mitchell | 1962 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base and pool: black granite | IAS 75009339[145] | ||||
Indian Head Fountain | Unknown | 1905 | stone: Stone | IAS PA001081[146] | ||||
Insignia (Calder) | Alexander Stirling Calder | 1920 | stone: marble Marble | IAS 88320084[147] | ||||
Intersperse (Schultz) | Saunders Schultz | 1976 | metal: steel Sculpture: Cor-Ten steel | IAS 46300095[148] | ||||
Irish Memorial (Goodacre) | Glenna Goodacre | 2002 | metal: bronze Bronze | IAS 71500640[149] | ||||
Italian Fountain (sculpture) | Unknown | 1800 | IAS 75009265[150] | |||||
James Bartram Nicholson Tomb | J. Otto Schweizer | 1913 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: granite with bronze plaques | IAS 88320055[151] | ||||
Japanese Lantern in Lansdowne Valley | Unknown | 1800 | stone: granite Sculpture: granite; Base: concrete | IAS PA000150[152] | ||||
Japanese Lantern (sculpture) | Unknown | 1800 | stone: granite Granite | IAS PA000128[153] | ||||
Japanese Lantern (sculpture) | Unknown | 1800 | stone: granite Granite | IAS PA000129[154] | ||||
Japanese Lantern (sculpture) | Unknown | 1800 | stone: granite Sculpture: granite; Base; concrete | IAS PA000130[155] | ||||
Japanese Lantern (sculpture) | Unknown | 1800 | stone: granite Sculpture: granite; Base; concrete | IAS PA000131[156] | ||||
Japanese Pagoda (sculpture) | Unknown | 1959 | stone: granite Granite | IAS PA000151[157] | ||||
Jeanne d'Arc (Fremiet) | Emmanuel Fremiet | 1890 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze, gilded; Base: granite | IAS PA000006[158] | ||||
Jerusalem Stabile (Calder) | Alexander Calder | 1976 | metal: steel Steel, painted orange | IAS 77001287[159] | ||||
Jesus Breaking Bread (Erlebacher) | Walter Erlebacher | 1976 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: brown granite | IAS PA000019[160] | ||||
John B. Kelly (Rosin) | Harry Rosin | 1965 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: granite on brick | IAS 75009292[161] | ||||
John Barry (Murray) | Samuel Murray | 1910 | metal: bronze Bronze | IAS 77001268[162] | ||||
John Christian Bullitt (Boyle) | John J. Boyle | 1907 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: granite | IAS 75009350[163] | ||||
John F. Kennedy Memorial (DeVoe) | Robert DeVoe | 1967 | concrete: artificial stone Artificial stone on a granite base | IAS 88320122[164] | ||||
The John Hanson Monument | Carl Lindborg | 1966 | metal: bronze Bust: bronze; Base: black Swedish granite | IAS 93490003[165] | ||||
John Harrison (Stevens) | Lawrence Tenney Stevens | 1930 | metal: bronze Figure: bronze; Base: granite | IAS 77001621[166] | ||||
John Nepomucene Neumann (sculpture) | Unknown | 1972 | stone: marble Sculpture: white marble; Base: stone and glass | IAS PA001095[167] | ||||
John Paul Jones (Hancock) | Walker Hancock | 1957 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: granite | IAS 88320098[168] | ||||
John Wanamaker Eagle (sculpture) | Unknown | 1944 | metal: bronze Sculpture: patinated bronze; Base: cement and stone | IAS PA001234[169] | ||||
John Wanamaker (Rhind) | John Massey Rhind | 1923 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: granite | IAS 75009352[170] | ||||
John Wister (Romanelli) | Raffaello Romanelli | 1903 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: granite | IAS 88320066[171] | ||||
John Witherspoon (Bailly) | Joseph Alexis Bailly | 1876 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: granite | IAS 76004907[172] | ||||
Johnny Ring (Blai) | Boris Blai | 1964 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: granite | IAS 88320118[173] | ||||
The Journeyer (Daen) | Lindsay Daen | 1975 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: concrete | IAS PA001136[174] | ||||
Kangaroos (Kimmelman) | Harold Kimmelman | 1970 | metal steel Sculpture: welded and polished stainless steel; Base: concrete and brick | IAS 75009359[175] | ||||
King Solomon (Archipenko) | Alexander Archipenko | 1963 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: stone | IAS PA000024[176] | ||||
Kopernik (Talcott) | Dudley Vaill Talcott | 1973 | metal: steel Sculpture: stainless steel; Base: red granite | IAS 88320135[177] | ||||
Lansdowne World War II Memorial | Roy F. Larson | 1947 | mixed: Concrete, stone and limestone | IAS PA001731[178] | ||||
Laughing Children (McKenzie) | R. Tait McKenzie | 1867 | IAS 76007023[179] | |||||
Law and Justice (2 panels) | Donald De Lue | 1940 | stone: granite Reliefs: granite | IAS 76009527[180] | ||||
Law, Prosperity and Power | Daniel Chester French | 1880 | stone marble: Sculpture: marble; Base: concrete | IAS 75009306[181] | ||||
Leda and the Swan (Manship) | Paul Manship | 1911 | metal: bronze Bronze | IAS 76007080[182] | ||||
Leviathan (Lipton) | Seymour Lipton | 1963 | metal: nickel Sculpture: nickel silver on Monel metal; Base: granite | IAS 77001297[183] | ||||
Lightning Bolts (Kimmelman) | Harold Kimmelman | 1973 | metal: steel Sculpture: polished stainless steel; Base: concrete | IAS PA001157[184] | ||||
Lion Crushing a Serpent (Barye) | Antoine Louis Barye | 1832 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: granite | IAS PA000020[185][186] | ||||
The Lion Fighter (Wolff) | Albert Wolff | 1858 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: limestone | IAS 75009271[187] | ||||
Lion Heads (sculpture) | Unknown | 1900 | metal: iron Sculptures: iron; Bases: stone | IAS PA001168[188] | ||||
Lioness Carrying to Her Young a Wild Boar | Auguste Cain | 1880 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: Quincy granite | IAS 75009332[189] | ||||
Lions (sculpture) | Unknown | 1900 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: stone | IAS 46200016[190] | ||||
Lions (Fiorelli) | Henry Fiorelli | 1838 | stone: marble Lions: marble; Bases: marble | IAS 88320019[191] | ||||
Lions (sculpture) | Unknown | 1891 | stone: marble Sculpture: marble; Base: concrete | IAS PA001137[192] | ||||
Lippincott Memorial Fountain | Unknown | 1800 | IAS 75009311[193] | |||||
Love (Indiana) | Robert Indiana | 1976 | metal: aluminum Sculpture: aluminum, painted; Base: wood or stainless steel | IAS PA000004[194] | ||||
Machine Man (sculpture) | Unknown | 1943 | metal: steel Maybe stainless steel | IAS PA000481[195] | ||||
Magnolia Blossom (Kimmelman) | Harold Kimmelman | 1969 | metal: steel Forged, hammered, welded and painted stainless steel with copper tubes in the center; Base: poured concrete | IAS 75009366[196] | ||||
Maja (Marcks) | Gerhard Marcks | 1942 | metal: bronze Bronze on a marble base | IAS 88320087[197] | ||||
Man (Morseletto) | Morseletto | 1933 | stone: limestone Figure: carved limestone; Base: limestone | IAS PA000375[198] | ||||
Mangbusucks (sculpture) | Unknown (Korean) | 1695 | stone: granite Granite | IAS PA000618[199] | ||||
Martin Luther King Freedom Memorial (Keene) | Paul Keene | 1971 | plastic: fiberglass Panels: fiberglass; Bases: brick | IAS 88320123[200] | ||||
Martin Luther King, Jr. (Washington) | James W. Washington | 1969 | stone: granite Granite | IAS 75009418[201] | ||||
Mary Dyer (Judson) | Sylvia Shaw Judson | 1959 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: granite | IAS 88320101[202] | ||||
Mary Rebecca Darby Smith Memorial Fountain | John J. Boyle | 1800 | stone: granite: Picton Island red granite fountain with bronze reliefs | IAS 75009314[203] | ||||
Mary (Sibbel) | Joseph Sibbel | 1915 | metal: bronze Bronze | IAS 88320062[204] | ||||
Medical Care (Greenberg) | Joseph J. Greenberg | 1966 | plastic: Reinforced plastic on a concrete base | IAS 75009402[205] | ||||
Memorial Gates (sculpture) | Unknown | 1902 | metal: iron Sculpture: wrought iron, painted black; Base: brick, sandstone, limestone, and mortar | IAS PA000038[206] | ||||
Merchants Bartering (Utescher) | Gerd Utescher | 1968 | plastic: fiberglass Sculpture: Fiberglass and plastic resin, on an expanded steel lath, bronze patina; Base: concrete | IAS 88320113[207] | ||||
Mercury at Rest (sculpture) | Unknown | 1875 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: marble | IAS PA000051[208] | ||||
Mercury (Rush) | William Rush | 1828 | wood: walnut Walnut figure on an iron rod | IAS 76007736[209] | ||||
Metal Bas-Relief (sculpture) | Robert E. Montgomery | 1972 | metal: steel Steel rods, polished | IAS PA000486[210] | ||||
Metal Sculpture (sculpture) | Jean Eda Francksen | 1974 | metal: steel Steel, welded | IAS PA000621[211] | ||||
Milkweed Pod (Fitz-Gerald) | Clark Battle Fitz-Gerald | 1965 | metal: copper Pod: copper; Seeds: stainless steel; Basin: granite and painted concrete | IAS 77001318[212] | ||||
Modern Discus Thrower (McKenzie) | R. Tait McKenzie | 1926 | metal: bronze Figure: bronze; Base: painted concrete, reinforced with metal | IAS 77002586[213] | ||||
Monument to Six Million Jewish Martyrs | Nathan Rapoport | 1964 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: black granite | IAS 75009355[214] | ||||
Morton McMichael (Mahoney) | John H. Mahoney | 1881 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: granite | IAS 88320048[215] | ||||
Mother and Child (Keyser) | Evelyn Keyser | 1964 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: concrete | IAS 75009373[216] | ||||
Movement of Life (Bailey) | Joseph C. Bailey | 1976 | metal: bronze Bronze and fiberglass | IAS PA000182[217] | ||||
Mustang at Play (Levy) | Margaret Wasserman Levy | 1969 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: fieldstone | IAS 75009361[218] | ||||
N. W. Ayer Building (Kelly) | J. Wallace Kelly | 1927 | stone: limestone Indiana limestone | IAS PA001107[219] | ||||
Nandi (sculpture) | Unknown (Asian Indian) | 1500 | stone: granite Sculpture: gray micaceous granite; Base: granite | IAS PA000617[220] | ||||
Nat Turner (Washington) | James W. Washington | 1909 | IAS 75009419;[221] IAS 88320140[222] | |||||
Nesaika (Rhoden) | John W. Rhoden | 1976 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: brick and cement | IAS 77001313[223] | ||||
Nidus (Bogle) | Jon Bogle | 1966 | metal: steel Sculpture: steel; Base: granite | IAS 88320119[224] | ||||
Night (Smith) | Tony Smith | 1912 | metal: Metal | IAS PA000115[225] | ||||
N.R.A. (Onaga) | Yoshimatsu Onaga | 1933 | stone: limestone Limestone on a concrete base | IAS 76009781[226] | ||||
Nude Female Figure (Tyler) | Stella Elkins Tyler | 1938 | metal: bronze Figure: bronze; Base: wood | IAS PA000380[227] | ||||
An Ocean's Perspective | Jill Sablosky | 1966 | stone: Stone | IAS PA001066[228] | ||||
Old Glory (Raul) | Harry Lewis Raul | 1911 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: granite with bronze plaques | IAS PA000099[229] | ||||
Orangutan (Greenberg) | Joseph J. Greenberg | 1965 | stone: limestone Relief: Indiana limestone | IAS 75009342[230] | ||||
Orb Washbasin (sculpture) | Unknown | 1900 | stone: Stone | IAS 74910001[231] | ||||
Orball (Clark) | Ken Clark | 1976 | metal: steel Sculpture: carbon steel plates, welded and painted; Base: concrete | IAS PA000409[232] | ||||
Orestes and Pylades Fountain | Carl Johann Steinhauser | 1813 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: granite | IAS 75009293[233] | ||||
Ornamental Gate (sculpture) | Unknown | 1964 | metal: Painted metal | IAS PA001154[234] | ||||
The Ox (Mitchell) | Henry Mitchell | 1975 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: granite | IAS PA001116[235] | ||||
Packard Building Gates and Other Metalwork | Samuel Yellin | 1923 | metal: iron Iron and bronze | IAS PA001059[236] | ||||
Pan with Sundial (Fenton) | Beatrice Fenton | 1938 | metal: bronze Sculpture: cast bronze with green patina; Base: stone | IAS 46300021[237] | ||||
Peace Memorial (Kimmelman) | Harold Kimmelman | 1974 | mixed: Sculpture: aluminum (?) and granite (?); Base: granite | IAS PA000401[238] | ||||
Peace Symbol (Lindquist) | David Lindquist | 1967 | metal: steel Welded, brushed stainless steel | IAS PA000027[239] | ||||
Peal-Peel Fume Well | Alan Shields | 1977 | plastic: acrylic Acrylic on canvas | IAS 77001279[240] | ||||
Penguin (Dioda) | Adolph Dioda | 1930 | metal: steel Steel, painted | IAS PA001069[241] | ||||
Pennsylvania Columns (Bush-Brown) | Henry Kirke Bush-Brown | 1912 | mixed: Columns: granite and bronze; Plaques: bronze; Base: stone | IAS PA000494[242] | ||||
Penny Franklin (Beauchamp) | Reginald E. Beauchamp | 1970 | plastic: fiberglass Sculpture: fiberglass and copper; Base: brick | IAS PA001100[243] | ||||
People Pyramid (Keyser) | Evelyn Keyser | 1969 | metal: aluminum Sculpture: welded aluminum; Base: brick, painted | IAS 75009395[244] | ||||
Phaedrus (Pepper) | Beverly Pepper | 1974 | metal: steel Sculpture: painted steel | IAS 77001315[245] | ||||
Phaeton (Serber) | Frances Serber | 1800 | IAS 75009399[246] | |||||
Philadelphia City Hall: Exterior Sculptures | Alexander Milne Calder | 1872 | stone: marble Marble, granite and bronze | IAS 76005434[247] | ||||
Phoenix above Maltese Cross | Sarala Ruth Pinto | 1962 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze, painted | IAS 88320130[248] | ||||
Phoenix (Charkov) | Natalie Charkow | 1976 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: stone | IAS PA001121[249] | ||||
Play at Second Base (Brown) | Joseph Brown | 1976 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: concrete | IAS PA000185[250] | ||||
Playing Angels (Milles) | Carl Milles | 1950 | metal: bronze Figures: bronze; Bases: concrete | IAS PA000005[251] | ||||
Playing Children (Utescher) | Gerd Utescher | 1967 | metal: bronze Bronze on a concrete base | IAS 75009407[252] | ||||
The Plunger (McKenzie) | R. Tait McKenzie | 1925 | metal: bronze Figure: bronze; Base: painted concrete, reinforced with metal | IAS 77001609[253] | ||||
Policeman and Children (Utescher) | Gerd Utescher | 1971 | metal: bronze Bronze | IAS PA000386[254] | ||||
Ponce de Leon (sculpture) | Unknown | 1900 | stone: Stone | IAS PA000109[255] | ||||
Profile of a Woman's Head (Couper) | William Couper | 1853 | plaster: Plaster | IAS 77001204[256] | ||||
The Prophet (Lipkin) | Jacob Lipkin | 1966 | stone: marble Sculpture: marble; Base: ferro concrete | IAS 75009354[257] | ||||
The Punter (Brown) | Joseph Brown | 1974 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: concrete | IAS PA000186[258] | ||||
Pyramid (Shaw) | Ernest Shaw | 1975 | metal: steel Sculpture: metal, painted black; Base: steel | IAS PA000029[259] | ||||
Quiet Morning (Dugan) | Jay Dugan | 1943 | stone: granite Sculpture: granite or marble; Foundation: granite or marble | IAS PA000471[260] | ||||
The Raven (Caccia) | David Caccia | 1977 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: steel | IAS 46210001[261] | ||||
Reclining Figure (Loeb) | Richard Loeb | 1966 | stone: marble Sculpture: White marble; Base: stone | IAS 88320124[262] | ||||
Reinforced Concrete Sculpture (Fahlen) | Charles Fahlen | 1977 | concrete: reinforced concrete Sculpture: reinforced concrete; Base: concrete | IAS PA000138[263] | ||||
Religious Liberty (Ezekiel) | Moses Jacob Ezekiel | 1844 | stone: marble Sculpture: marble; Base: granite | IAS 77002508[264] | ||||
Repose (Stork) | Francis Wharton Stork | 1966 | stone: granite Sculpture: granite; Base: granite | IAS 88320133[265] | ||||
Reverance (Esherick) | Wharton Harris Esherick | 1942 | wood: walnut Walnut | IAS 76005898[266] | ||||
The Reverend George Whitefield | R. Tait McKenzie | 1914 | metal: bronze Figure: bronze; Upper base: limestone; Middle base: stone; Lower base: concrete and stone | IAS 77001606[267] | ||||
Revolutionary War Memorial (sculpture) | Unknown | 1912 | stone: sandstone Sculpture: sandstone (?), painted; Base: concrete | IAS PA000593[268] | ||||
Rhythm of the Sea (Blai) | Boris Blai | 1940 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: marble | IAS 76008984[269] | ||||
Ring-Tailed Lemurs (Mitchell) | Henry Mitchell | 1915 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze | IAS 46200010[270] | ||||
Rock Form (Hepworth) | Barbara Hepworth | 1964 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: granite clad | IAS 77001321[271] | ||||
Rond Point Fountains | Unknown (French) | 1887 | mixed: Fountain basins: granite and ceramic tile | IAS PA001133[272] | ||||
Running Free (Mitchell) | Henry Mitchell | 1975 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: granite on concrete plaza | IAS PA000017[273] | ||||
Russell H. Conwell (Blai) | Boris Blai | 1951 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: black granite | IAS 88320117[274] | ||||
Sacred Heart of Jesus (sculpture) | Unknown | 1915 | metal: bronze Bronze | IAS 88320061[275] | ||||
Sagg Main Street (Snelson) | Kenneth D. Snelson | 1975 | Korman Suites Hotel, 2100 Hamilton Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | metal: steel Sculpture: stainless steel; Base: stainless steel | IAS 77001311[276] | |||
Saint Joseph (Utescher) | Gerd Utescher | 1968 | metal: Statue: metal; Base: concrete | IAS PA000082[277] | ||||
Score (Whitman) | Gil Whitman | 1976 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: concrete | IAS PA000119[278] | ||||
Seals (Lee) | Bernard Lee | 1971 | stone: obsidian Sculpture: Perlite with epoxy finish | IAS 75009405[279] | ||||
Seamen's Memorial (sculpture) | Unknown | 1900 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: granite | IAS PA000489[280] | ||||
Seated Woman (Lee) | Bernard Lee | 1971 | stone: obsidian Perlite with epoxy finish | IAS 75009406[281] | ||||
Seaweed Fountain & Fish Sculpture (Fenton) | Beatrice Fenton | 1920 | INSIDE the Hort Center | metal: bronze Bronze on a natural rock base | IAS 75009294[282] | |||
The Seed (Ray) | Christopher T. Ray | 1976 | metal: iron Sculpture: iron | IAS PA001099[283] | ||||
Shell Composition (Robin) | Stephen Robin | 1966 | stone: limestone Limestone on a granite base | IAS 88320131[284] | ||||
Shepherd and Shepherdess (Watteau) | Antoine Watteau | 1800 | metal: lead Figures: painted cast lead; Bases: concrete | IAS 75009358[285] | ||||
Shongun XII (Shaw) | Ernest Shaw | 1942 | metal: steel Painted steel | IAS 46300097[286] | ||||
Sign of the Times (Rosenwald) | Robert Rosenwald | 1943 | metal: aluminum Aluminum, welded, painted with imron | IAS PA000627[287] | ||||
Social Consciousness (Epstein) | Jacob Epstein | 1954 | metal: bronze Sculpture: bronze; Base: polished granite | IAS PA000015[288] | ||||
Soldiers and Sailors Monument (Bureau) | Bureau Brothers | 1901 | mixed: Female figure: Vermont granite; Military figures: bronze; Relief plaques: bronze; Base: Vermont granite | IAS PA000594[289] | ||||
Soldiers Monument (sculpture) | Unknown | 1885 | stone: granite Sculpture: Barre granite; Base: Barre granite | IAS PA000046[290] |
Mitt Romney's tax returns became an issue during his 2012 Presidential campaign. Due to pressure from political rivals during the Republican primary campaign, Mitt Romney released his 2010 tax return in late January 2012, along with a partial 2011 return which he promised to release in whole upon its completion.[291][292] His campaign promised to release his 2011 tax return as soon as it is filed, before October 15, 2012.[293] On August 16, 2012 Romney said that he has paid at least 13 percent annually on his federal income tax returns for the last ten years and Romney stated that the rate would be over 20 percent without charitable deductions.[294] The average American family with income between $50,000 and $75,000 a year pays 12.8 percent annually. Romney's income was about $21 million in 2010, but most of his income is in the form of capital gains which are taxed at a lower rate than wages.[295]
Romney's fortune is in a blind trust, run by his long-time personal and business lawyer R. Bradford Malt, and has included investments which do not match his political philosophy.[296][297] Romney has previously stated that blind trusts are "an old ruse."[298]
Democratic Governor Martin O'Malley of Maryland accuses Romney of tax avoidance, as distinguished from illegal tax evasion.[293]
Background
editIn 1968, Mitt's father George W. Romney, set a precedent for presidential candidates to release their income tax returns. George Romney released 12 years of his returns, most other presidential candidates have release slightly fewer years.[299][300][301] These releases are not required by law. Statements made by some Democrats that “(Mitt) Romney is the first major party candidate for president of the United States in modern times not to release at least 12 years of tax returns,” have been rated false by Politifact.[302] According to FactCheck.org, John McCain is the only other recent major party nominee who has released just two years of returns, and we'd "have to go back more than 30 years" to find another "major party nominee who released less than five years of tax returns".[303]
PolitiFact states that several major presidential candidates have released fewer than 12 tax returns:
- In 2008, Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton released seven, and John McCain released only two.
- In 2000, George W. Bush released nine and Al Gore released eight.
- In 1988, Michael Dukakis released six.
- In 1980, Ronald Reagan released only one.
Starting in 1977, all sitting presidents and vice-presidents have released their current tax returns, and challengers to incumbents have generally matched the incumbent in the number of returns publicly released.[302]
During Mitt Romney's previous campaigns for public office, an unsuccessful bid to become a senator from Massachusetts, a successful run for the governorship in 2002, and a presidential campaign in 2008, he has released required financial disclosures about his assets, but not income tax returns.[299]
At the beginning of his 2012 presidential campaign Romney stated, “I don’t intend to release the tax returns. I don’t.” But he released his 2010 return and 2011 estimated return on January 24, 2012 following challenges by Newt Gingrich and Rick Perry.[301]
During the Republican primary debate in South Carolina Newt Gingrich stated, prior to Romney's release of any tax returns at all: “Look, he’s got to decide and the people of South Carolina have to decide. But if there’s anything in there that is going to help us lose the election, we should know it before the nomination. And if there’s nothing in there — if there’s nothing in there, why not release it?”[304] During the same debate Romney pledged "I'll release multiple years. I don't know how many years. And -- but I'll be happy to do that."[305] Gingrich believes that 2 years of tax returns are enough.[305] The earliest return that Gingrich himself released was his 2010 return.[306]
During the presidential campaign, Romney declined to disclose additional returns citing the matter as a distraction from more important issues, despite calls to do so by Democrats and several notable Republicans.[307] He states “I’m simply not enthusiastic about giving them hundreds or thousands of more pages to pick through, distort and lie about.”[304]
Romney stated on ABC television that he has been audited by the IRS, though he did not specify when the audit took place. His campaign did specify that "the audit did not result in a fine or penalty. Mitt Romney has fully complied with U.S. law and he has paid 100 percent of what he has owed," and that the audit did not take place in the last ten years.[308]
Media speculation
editThough nothing can be known for sure without the release of Romney's tax returns, several large news organizations have speculated on the reasons for Romney's reluctance to release them. Business Week speculated on the possibility that Romney paid no income taxes in 2009.[309] Tax lawyers Edward D. Kleinbard and Peter C. Canellos, commenting on CNN, focused on Romney's Swiss bank account, his $100 million IRA, which could have been funded by a maximum of $30,000 annually, and what they consider to be an unjustified tax-loophole for hedge fund managers.[310] Tax law professor Michael Graetz commenting in the New York Times concentrated on the IRA, gift taxes to family trusts, and the use of tax havens such as the Cayman Islands and Bermuda.[311] The New Yorker listed four possibilities: 1. Extremely high levels of income; 2. More offshore accounts; 3. Politically explosive investments; and 4. A very, very low tax rate.[312]
The Obama campaign has suggested that in some years Romney may not have paid any taxes, but on August 16, 2012 Romney said that he has paid at least 13 percent annually on his federal income tax returns for the last ten years. The average American family with income between $50,000 and $75,000 a year pays 12.8 percent annually. Romney's income was about $21 million in 2010.[295]
In 1982 Romney invested in a tax shelter called the Gem Plan, which involved purchasing 5 new homes in Houston suburbs. The housing market, however, soon collapsed and it proved difficult to sell the houses. In 2010 Romney continued to receive interest income from a mortgage he offered to the residents of one of the houses who was unable to quality for a loan.[313]
Reactions
editRepublicans who have urged Romney to release his tax returns include former Mississippi governor Haley Barbour, Michael Steele, and Bill Kristol. George Will said "The cost of not releasing the returns are clear. Therefore, he must have calculated that there are higher costs in releasing them." Republican strategist Matthew Dowd said, "There's obviously something there, because if there was nothing there, he would say, ‘Have at it.' So there's obviously something there that compromises what he said in the past about something."[314][315] Donald Trump suggested that Romney release additional returns after Obama releases his college transcripts. [316]
The Romney campaign has stated that Democrats will keep on asking for more of Romney's returns no matter how many he releases. When Jim Messina, Obama campaign manager stated that they would only seek five years returns, Romney rejected the offer.[295]
In an TV interview, Romney told ABC's David Muir that he didn't know offhand if he'd ever paid a rate lower than the 13.9% he paid in 2010, suggested that he would look into it, and reiterated that he paid all the taxes required by law.[308]
In an interview in the Huffington Post, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, Democrat, Nevada, said that he had received information from an unidentified investor in Bain Capital that Romney didn't pay any taxes for 10 years.[317] The accusation was repeated on the Senate floor by Reid on August 2, 2012.[318] On the following Sunday's political morning talk shows, the allegation was characterized by Senator Lindsey Graham, Republican, South Carolina, as unfounded and made up. Reince Priebus, chairman of the Republican National Committee characterized Reid as a "dirty liar."[319] According to CBS News, Romney stated, "Let me also say, categorically, I have paid taxes every year -- and a lot of taxes. So Harry is simply wrong." PolitiFact.com's Truth-O-Meter rated the accusation as "Pants on Fire!"[320] CBS also reported that Romney had submitted 23 years of tax returns to the John McCain campaign in 2008, when he was being vetted for the vice presidential nomination. Although McCain did not review all the tax returns himself, he stated "Nothing in these tax returns showed that he did not pay taxes."[321]
Paul Ryan, Romney's presumptive vice presidential running mate, released two years of tax returns, after having several years examined by the Romney campaign. He paid 15.9% of his income in federal taxes in 2010 and 20% in 2011, more than Romney.[322]
Public opinion
editPolls have shown most Americans favor Mitt Romney releasing his tax returns. According to a USA Today/Gallup poll, 54 percent of Americans favored Romney releasing more than two years of tax returns. In the same poll 47 percent of Americans said that what might be in the returns was "largely irrelevant to voters."[299]
In a Public Policy Polling poll, it was found that 61 percent of Americans said Romney should release more returns. As well, 56 percent of voters wanted Romney to release information regarding bank accounts in Switzerland and Bermuda.[323]
References
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- ^ Magnolia Blossom, (sculpture)
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- ^ Holland, Steve; Dixon, Kim (January 25, 2012). "Romney returns show low tax rate; questions linger". Reuters. Retrieved July 20, 2012.
- ^ "Romney booed over tax returns". The Fox Nation. Janary 19, 2012. Retrieved July 20, 2012.
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(help) - ^ a b Adviser says Romney to release 2011 tax return by October 15, Reuters, August 19, 2012, accessed August 19, 2012.
- ^ Bailey, Holly (August 16, 2012).Romney: ‘I never paid less than 13 percent’ in taxes.Yahoo news
- ^ a b c Associated Press (August 17, 2012). "Mitt Romney nixes Obama bid for 5-year tax disclosure". Newsday. Retrieved August 17, 2012.
- ^ Robert Frick, “Political Portfolios”, Kiplinger’s (January 2008).
- ^ Boston lawyer keeps steady hand on Romney’s holdings, Todd Wallack, Boston Globe, January 30, 2012, accessed August 19, 2012.
- ^ See video at The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, Democalypse 2012 - Bain Damage - Romney's Blind Trust, July 16, 2012, accessed August 19, 2012.
- ^ a b c Poll: Most Americans think Romney should release more tax returns, Los Angeles Times.
- ^ "Romney Reveals 12–Year Income". The Pittsburgh Press. United Press International. November 26, 1967. p. 1, 9.
- ^ a b Shaxson, Nicholas (August 2012). "Where the Money Lives". Vanity Fair.
- ^ a b Debbie Wasserman Schultz’ claim about release of tax returns of major candidates is false, says PolitiFact Florida, Amy Sherman, Miami Herald, August 19, 2012.
- ^ "Romney and the Tax Return Precedent", FactCheck.org July 19, 2012.
- ^ a b Republicans will pay the costs of Romney’s tax returns, Colby King, Washington Post, July 22, 2012, accessed August 18, 2012.
- ^ a b Stephanie Condon. Gingrich: Obama "like a lawyer with a bad case" on tax issue (July 17, 2012).
- ^ Dana Bash. Santorum took in $3.6M in four years; highest tax rate was 28.3%, CNN (February 15, 2012).
- ^ Michael D. Shear; Trip Gabriel (July 18, 2012). "Romney Steadfast in the Face of Growing Calls to Release More Tax Returns". The New York Times. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
In the political environment that exists today, the opposition research of the Obama campaign is looking for anything they can use to distract from the failure of the president to reignite our economy, And I'm simply not enthusiastic about giving them hundreds or thousands of more pages to pick through, distort and lie about.
- ^ a b Romney Campaign Mum on Previous Tax Rates, Audit, ABC News, Z. Byron Wolf, July 30, 2012, accessed August 17, 2012.
- ^ What's Romney Hiding in His Tax Returns?, Joshua Green, Bloomburg BusinessWeek, July 17, 2012, accessed August 17, 2012.
- ^ Why won't Romney release more tax returns?, Edward D. Kleinbard and Peter C. Canellos, CNN, July 18, 2012.
- ^ Mitt Romney’s Financial Mysteries, Michael J. Graetz, Op-Ed in the New York Times, July 30, 2012, accessed August 18, 2012.
- ^ Why Won't Romney Release More Tax Returns?, John Cassidy, The New Yorker, July 16, 2012, accessed August 18, 2012,
- ^ Mike McIntire (August 9, 2012). "In Real Estate Deal, Romney Made His Loss a Couple's Gain". The New York Times. Retrieved August 10, 2012.
- ^ Opinion: Read my lips, 'No more tax returns', Meghan Holbrook, KSL.com Utah, Auguest 17, 2012.
- ^ George Will, Matthew Dowd Blast Romney For Not Releasing Tax Returns, George Stephanopoulos, ABC News, July 15, 2012, accessed August 17, 2012.
- ^ http://www.cnbc.com/id/48545430
- ^ Sam Stein; Ryan Grim (July 31, 2012). "Harry Reid: Bain Investor Told Me That Mitt Romney 'Didn't Pay Any Taxes For 10 Years'" (blog). Huffington Post. Retrieved August 6, 2012.
- ^ "Harry Reid takes Romney tax-accusation campaign to Senate floor" (blog). Los Angeles Times. August 2, 2012. Retrieved August 6, 2012.
- ^ Emmarie Huetteman (August 5, 2012). "Republicans Step Up Attacks Against Reid" (blog). The New York Times. Retrieved August 6, 2012.
- ^ "Harry Reid says anonymous source told him Mitt Romney didn't pay taxes for 10 years". Politifact.Com. The Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved August 7, 2012.
Reid has made an extreme claim with nothing solid to back it up. Pants on Fire!
- ^ McCain: Reid is wrong about Romney's tax returns, CBS News, August 14, 2012, accessed August 17, 2012.
- ^ Paul Ryan releases two years of tax returns, CBS News, August 17, 2012
- ^ Americans Want To See What's In Mitt Romney's Tax Returns, Business Insider.