This is draft text for Immunity (medical)#Artificially acquired, replacing one particular paragraph. See Talk:Immunity_(medical)#mRNA_Vaccines_Should_be_Mentioned for an explanation of what is wrong and missing in that paragraph.
I have now made the proposed change to the article: diff.
Reference placeholder
editPlaceholder for a named reference that is defined above the content to replace:[1]
Current article content
editTwo future vaccinations:
- DNA vaccines are composed of DNA encoding protein antigens from the pathogen. These vaccines are inexpensive, relatively easy to make and generate a strong, long-term immunity.[1]
- Recombinant vector vaccines (platform-based vaccines): These vaccines are harmless live viruses that encode one or a few antigens from a pathogenic organism. They are used widely in veterinary medicine.[1][2][3]
Proposed replacement content
editIn addition, there are some newer types of vaccines in use:
- Outer Membrane Vesicle (OMV) vaccines contain the outer membrane of a bacterium without any of its internal components or genetic material. Thus, ideally, they stimulate an immune response effective against the original bacteria without the risk of an infection.[4]
- Genetic vaccines deliver nucleic acid that codes for an antigen into host cells, which then produce that antigen, stimulating an immune response. This category of vaccine includes DNA vaccines[5], RNA vaccines[6], and viral vector vaccines[2][3], which differ in the chemical form of nucleic acid and how it is delivered into host cells.
A variety of vaccine types are under development; see Experimental Vaccine Types.
Proposed edit summary
editRevise list of non-traditional vaccine types; see talk page. Acevedo reference copied from Bacterial outer membrane vesicles. Liu reference copied from DNA vaccine. Norbert reference copied from MRNA vaccine.
Rationale for changes
editI reduced the level of detail provided for DNA and viral vector vaccines, preferring instead to group them under "genetic vaccines" with a link to that page, as well as naming well-known sub-types, including RNA vaccines. I think the value here is in explaining the process by which various vaccine types give rise to medical immunity (the article topic), and all of the genetic vaccines share that basic process.
I removed the vaccines.gov reference[1] because it isn't very informative (mostly just a list of vaccine types), although it's still referenced by the article elsewhere.
I removed "They [recombinant vector vaccines] are used widely in veterinary medicine." For one, in the existing content, this remark makes it appear that they are only used in veterinary medicine, which is not true. Even without that confusion, it seems like an odd tangent.
I added discussion of OMV vaccines since they are in use and lead to immunity in different ways than genetic vaccines.
I added mention of experimental vaccine types, but delegated to Vaccine for details.
In an earlier draft, I had mentioned conjugate vaccines[7], but those are already mentioned in the text that precedes the paragraph I want to replace.
Possible references
editThis list is mainly for my convenience while researching. This section is not part of the proposed replacement content.
A guide to vaccinology: from basic principles to new developments
Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles and Vaccine Applications
Gene vaccines: Overview of genetic vaccines, but full text not freely available.
DNA and RNA-based vaccines: principles, progress and prospects: Mostly talks about techniques for provoking a stronger immune response via self-replication.
Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine (not a reference, just a link to explore more later)
References
edit- ^ a b c d "Vaccine Types". www.vaccines.gov. Retrieved 2020-08-07.
- ^ a b Bull JJ, Nuismer SL, Antia R (July 2019). "Recombinant vector vaccine evolution". PLOS Computational Biology. 15 (7): e1006857. Bibcode:2019PLSCB..15E6857B. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006857. PMC 6668849. PMID 31323032.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b Lauer KB, Borrow R, Blanchard TJ (January 2017). Papasian CJ (ed.). "Multivalent and Multipathogen Viral Vector Vaccines". Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. 24 (1): e00298–16, e00298–16. doi:10.1128/CVI.00298-16. PMC 5216423. PMID 27535837.
- ^ Acevedo, R; Fernandez, S; Zayas, C; Acosta, D; Sarmiento, ME; Ferro, VA; Rosenquvist, E; Campa, C; Cardoso, D; Garcia, L; Perez, JL (2014). "Bacterial outer membrane vesicles and vaccine applications". Frontiers in Immunology. 5: 121. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00121. PMC 3970029. PMID 24715891.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Liu, Shuying; Wang, Shixia; Lu, Shan (April 27, 2016). "DNA immunization as a technology platform for monoclonal antibody induction". Emerging Microbes & Infections. 5 (4): e33. doi:10.1038/emi.2016.27. PMC 4855071. PMID 27048742.
- ^ Pardi, Norbert; Hogan, Michael J.; Porter, Frederick W.; Weissman, Drew (April 2018). "mRNA vaccines — a new era in vaccinology". Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. 17 (4): 261–279. doi:10.1038/nrd.2017.243. ISSN 1474-1784. PMC 5906799. PMID 29326426.
- ^ Goldblatt, D. (January 2000). "Conjugate vaccines". Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 119 (1): 1–3. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01109.x. ISSN 0009-9104. PMC 1905528. PMID 10671089.