User:SnappyDragonPennyroyal/sandbox

Dené-Yeniseian is a putative language family consisting of the Yeniseian languages of western Siberia and the Na-Dené languages of northwestern North America.

The following languages are included:

• Ket (Western Siberia, Russia) — Yeniseian language
• Tlingit (Southeastern Alaska, United States) — isolated Na-Dené branch
• Navajo (Arizona and New Mexico, United States) — South Athabaskan language
• Dena'ina (South-central Alaska, United States) — North Athabaskan language
• Hupa (Northwestern California, United States) — Pacific Athabaskan language
• Slavey (Northwest Territories, Canada) — North Athabaskan language
• Kott (Western Siberia, Russia) — Yeniseian language
• Eyak (South-central Alaska, United States) — Athabaskan–Eyak language

NOTE: "C" does not represent a voiceless palatal plosive; its equivalent is "ts", which represents a voiceless postalveolar affricate.

List

No.	English	Ket	Tlingit	Navajo	Dena'ina	Hupa	South Slavey	Kott	Eyak
1	I					whe:	sı̨	ai	xuː, (possessive morpheme) si
2	you (singular)					ning	nı̨	au	ʔiː
3	he					xong, min		uju, hutu	(pronom. morph.; poss. and v. prefix of d. obj.) ʔu
4	we	Category:ket births Category:әт deaths, Category:ket births Category:әтн deaths				nehe		ajoŋ, ay-oŋ	taː, (oblique, poss.) qʰaː
5	you (plural)	Category:ket births Category:әк deaths, Category:ket births Category:әкӈ deaths				nohn(i)		auoŋ
6	they				Category:tfn births Category:yina deaths, Category:tfn births Category:qu- deaths	xong		uniaŋ, hatien	ʔǝ-yǝq, ʔu-yǝq
7	this	kiˑ (near), kiˑ-rʸ, kiˑdǝ, kiˑrʸǝ, kiˑrʸ (masc.), kˈi-rʸe (fem./neut.), kˈi-nʸa (pl.)	yá (near), hé (nearest)			de:, teː, teː-t	dı	inu	ʔǝl, ʔãː
8	that	tuˑ (intermediate distance), tuˑ-rʸ, tuˑdǝ, tuˑrʸǝ, tuˑrʸ (masc.), tˈu-rʸe (fem./neut.), tˈu-nʸa (pl.), qa (far), qaˑ-rʸ (masc.), qa-rʸa (fem./neut.), qa-nʸa (pl.)	wé (that; neutral distance), yú (yonder)			hay(i), yo:w (close by), ye:w (far off)	eyı	uy-oː (masc.), unʸa (fem.), uni-oŋ (pl.), ujöm	ʔǝw, ʔuː
9	here	kiseŋ	yáat, héit	Category:nv births Category:kwii deaths, Category:nv births Category:kweʼé deaths		de:, digyun(g)	dı	ini
10	there	qaseŋ	yóot, wéit			yo:wi, yo:w (close by), ye:w (far off)	eyı
11	who	bˈitsʸe (masc.), bɛsʸa (fem.), ˈana, ˈanät, anet, anasʸ	aa, aadóo, aadóoch (erg.)			dundi		a=ši-x	tuː
12	what	akus, ˈakusʸ ~ aksʸ	daa, daat			daydi		ši-na, še-na, ašix, bi-ʎäŋ	teː
13	where	biles	goo			da:ydi, -ding		bi-li
14	when		gwátk (past), gwátgeen (fut.)			-dung' (in the past), -ding' (in the past), -de' (in the future), dahun'di (interrogative), mił (temp. adv.)
15	how		wáa			(du)xwe:di	ašix
16	not		tléil, hél, l			do, toː-		boː (prohibitive), mon, moːn	=q (v. deriv. suffix; stem), tikʼ, (negative stem) kʼu, kʼǝ
17	all		ldakát		Category:tfn births Category:t'anch'q'u deaths, Category:tfn births Category:łuq'u deaths	ʔah-tʼiŋ		bar, ba:r (a Turkic borrowing), uːt-am	ɬi-ʔqʼ
18	many		aatlein, sha-ya-di-haa (there are many)			ła:n, ɬaŋ		payaŋ	kʼu=tʼuʔ
19	some	samla	x̱oo (among)			me:lah (some of it, some of them)
20	few	qomat				do:-ła:n-ts
21	other	bīk	ch’a g̱óot
22	one	qūs, qu-sʸ, qɔʔ-k	tléix'	Category:nv births Category:łáaʼii deaths, Category:nv births Category:tʼááłáʼí deaths		ła'	líe	hu:cha, huː-ča	ɬĩhq-ih, LinhG-ih
23	two		déix̱			nahx	ǫki	i:na ( Category:zko births Category:ina deaths), (older sources) ˈinʸa	laʔt-ih, la'd-ih
24	three		nás'k			ta:q'	tai		t'uhLga'
25	four		daax'oon			dink'	dįį	shégang	qAlahqa'ga'
26	five		keijín			chwola'	sųlái	xe:gä	ch'a:n'-ih
27	big		ya-gei, tlein			-kyoh, -kyah, =kʰʸah (light), =kʰʸaːw (heavy)		fačaː, pʰačaː, (older form) pačaga	=ʔluw, =ʔnuw
28	long		li-yaat’			=ne:s		uy	=ʔaːw (same as far)
29	wide		ya-woox̱’			-tehł
30	thick		si-kaak			dita:n (it is thick), nitsa:s		hagal, hakal, puchar
31	heavy		ya-dál			=taːs		šiːk-ŋ	=ɬ=taːs (to be heavy)
32	small		ya-géik’			misGiy'ts (it is little, small), =kiyeʔ, =kiyeʔ-c, =kiyʔ-c		kišlaː, (older sources) imɨraŋˈaga, imiraŋaga	kʰučʼ-k, kʰucʼ-k, (dim./affectionate suffix) -kʰih
33	short		ya-yaatl’			didzit (it is short)		tʰuːki	=tikʼ, =tǝkʼ
34	narrow		ya-saa			'ist'ik' (it is thin, slender, narrow)		tʰaːge
35	thin		li-xoon, shi-g̱aax̱ʼ (animal), ḵ’aatl’ (flat object)			'ist'ik' (same as above)		fač-am, pʰač-am	=cʰic-k
36	woman		shaawát, sháa			tsumehstł'o:n, 'awhxich'e' (archaic wealthy woman), cʰamehsƛʼoː,	ts’élî (woman), gotsų (old lady)	ali(ː)t, alat (also, wife)	qʰeʔɬ
37	man (adult male)		ḵáa			xo=ʔes=ta-y, xo=ʔos=ta-y, xʷe=ʔes=ta-y	denezhu, ǫhndaa (old man), gotsíe (old man), cheekua (young man)	fiː, (little man) ig	ɬilaːʔ
38	man (human being)		lingít			k'iwinya'a:n, kʼʸi=win=yaʔn=yaːn (lit. acorn-eater)	dene	hit, het, čeäŋ Template:G has been used for the following templates in the past: {{G1}}, for speedy deletion as patent nonsense {{Spaces}}, for non-breaking spaces Template:G on Wikimedia Commons	tǝχũh
39	child (a youth)		yát, k'átsk'u			ch'iwhxiy	ts’údââ	dakat, dal
40	wife		shát			-'ut	setséke	ali(ː)t, alat (also, woman)
41	husband		x̱úx̱			-xung'	sedené	had-kip, hatkït(n)
42	mother		tláa			-chwing	semǫ, amá	ama(n), áma, ami
43	father		éesh			-ita'	setá	op, öpang, öan, öp
44	animal		gutu.ádi (forest animal)			mixo'osday' (male), łing' (pet)		-ša, -šïn, šetn, šele, achánše (wild)
45	fish		x̱áat (salmon, fish), l’ook (coho salmon)			ło:q' (also can refer to salmon alone), (orig. form) *ɬoːqʼi, (all edible water creatures, probably from water+meat) tʰohnaːy	łue	teːg, teːx	tʰǝʔ-yaʔ
46	bird		ts’ats’ée, ts’ítskw (songbird)			k'iya:wh, kʼʸi=yaːʍ		al=tuːma# (little bird, youngling)	qǝnuh (water fowl), qãː-ti-čʼičʼ-k' (non-aquatic songbird), yǝχ=tǝ=ɬǝ=kʼaʔtʼ-χ,
47	dog		keitl			no:k'ine:yo:t, ło:q'-ma:'a', ɬiŋʼ, =liŋ-kʼʸ-eʔ		al=šip	χǝwaː
48	louse	ə̀ɣ, ɜ̂ɣ	wéis’			ma:'a', ya' (head louse)		ikˈi	kuks-k
49	snake	tìɣ, tîɣ, tiːɣǝ, tieɢ	l’ut’tláaḵ ('tongue-arrow')		[no original term]	miłtsah-xosin (rattlesnake), ƛʼiwiʍ, ƛʼi(ː)ʍ		oŋ-xoy, oŋ-koy	χuhχ-ʔa-ʔluw-yuː (snakes, lit. big worms), ʔuʔƛ (dubious; also means driftwood, dead log)
50	worm		tl’úk’x̱		[no original term]	qo(ː)		hoi, (older sources) o-n	χuhχ (earthworm, moth)
51	tree		aas		cʼ-pa-la, čʼ-wa-la, čʼ-va-la	king, kʰʸiŋ, (wood, firewood) čʰʷič		atči, atče, (older sources) ačši	lis (poss. Russian borrowing)
52	forest		aas gutú (‘among trees’)			king-xołiwhin (heavy forest), sikin-chwing (archaic pine forest)
53	stick (of wood)	ə̄ɣ	ḵáas’		Category:tfn births Category:chik'a deaths (wood)	king, kʰʸiŋ, (wood, firewood) čʰʷič		hupuš	t=kʰĩh
54	fruit		tléiḵw (‘berry’)
55	seed	īm	tukayátx’i ('small ones inside it'), x’aakeidí		=n=cʼǝs-(ʔ)a	mina:' (pit), =saːy, =saːy-ʔ (small seeds)			=lǝχǝ=ɬ=cʼǝl-ih, (seeds for snowing) yaː-nuʔ(-čʼ) lǝχǝ-tǝ-yaːʔ
56	leaf		kayaaní			=tʼaŋʼ		dʸipi	tʼahɬ (also, feather)
57	root		x̱aat		=qacʼ-a	qus, xay (conifer, esp. pine or spruce), qat, qut (esp. willow)		tʰe(ː)m-pul, (in older sources) tˈiːembulaŋ, lgiembulaŋ, ačigan	qeːcʼ (spruceroot), (root-stump, plant roots), (only attest. in compounds) =kʰũː
58	bark (of tree)		a daayí (‘outer surface’), loon (outer bark), ḵéetlʼ (phloem), sáxʼ (cambium), láx̱ʼ (sap bark), x̱eesh (cork), s’agwáat (hemlock), teey (yellow-cedar), tsaaxʼ (red-cedar)			k'ila:dosch'e' (heavy conifer bark), =sicʼ (also skin, hide)		farpax, farpag, pʰarpak	qʰaht-ɬ, qʰahƛ, tʰah (hide, bark, shell)
59	flower		ḵ’eikaxwéin			k'ida:y', k'ige:s (Indian sunflower)		ešalyky-tan
60	grass	daan	chookán, sháak (timothy grass), sooḵ (saltwater grass)			tł'oh		tönapul, keri	tl'ihx̣
61	rope		tíx’			'isdits' (string)
62	skin (of a person)	iŋolt, î	dook, ch’áatwu (epidermis) xáasʼ (fish), g̱wáatʼ (sheepskin), kaak (inner hide), táach (skin trimmings)		Category:tfn births Category:ses deaths, Category:tfn births Category:yes deaths	-sits' (also, animal), =sicʼ (also bark)			=tʰah (also, bark)
63	meat (as in flesh)		dleey			tsing', =cʰiŋʼ, (only in roots) cʰinʼ or cʰin		iːči	=cʰeʔ
64	blood		shé, shéiy, shí			tse:lin, cʰeː=liŋ, cʰeː=lin		šur	tǝɬ, tiɬ
65	bone		s'aaḵ, s’ooḵ (rib), xaak (skeleton, bivalve shell)			-ts'in, =cʼinʼ, =cʼiŋʼ, =cʼin-eʔ		xagal, xakal, qagal	cʼǝl, =cʼǝl-ih (anatomy), qʼahš (in meat, fish)
66	fat (noun)		taay			łiq'a:w (it is fat)		kiːr	=qʼǝχ
67	egg		k’wát’ (bird), kaháakw (fish)			q'ong' (fish), -we:whe'		šuley (poss. Samoyed loanword)	=tǝ=ʔuht-k
68	horn		sheit			-de'		hau (horn, thumb, big toe)	=ː=tǝleh
69	tail	huut, hiˀs, huːʔut	l'eet			-ke'		fugay, fukay, pʰugay, (older sources) pukˈay	=k=ƛʼah (=k means filament-like, =ƛʼah is rear, back-end)
70	feather (rather not down)		t’aaw			-ch'il'		iči, iče	tʼahɬ (also, leaf)
71	hair		x̱aaw (body hair, fur) shax̱aaw (head hair)			-wa', tsiwung' (head hair), cʰi=wa-ŋʼ, =cʰi=wa-nʼ, =cʰi=waʔ-n-eʔ		eːk (body hair, fur), heŋ-ay (most likely head hair)	leːɬ, (fur, body hair) =χuʔ
72	head		shá		Category:tfn births Category:-tsi deaths, Category:tfn births Category:-kin'i deaths	-tse', =eː=ta=ʔa-y, =cʰeː(dialectal/obsolete)		tag-ay, tak-ay	=šaːw (also, head hair), =lǝ=qʰah, (only in compounds) cʰĩʔ-, cʰiʔ-l-
73	ear		gúk			-jiw'		kaloːx (most likely a Turkic borrowing)	=čehχ
74	eye	dēs, deˑsʸ	waaḵ		Category:tfn births Category:-nu'u deaths, Category:tfn births Category:-nagha deaths	-na:'		tiːš, (older forms, both pl.) tečagan, tieŋ	=laːχ
75	nose	olən, ˈɔlɨn, ˈɔlǝn	lú			-nchwiwh		aŋ, aːŋ	=niːkʼ (nose, beak), =niːčʼ (only in compounds)
76	mouth		x̱’é, x̱ʼa-, ḵʼa-			-da'		hoːpi	=saʔ(-t), (mouth, eating, appetite, food) xaʔ
77	tooth (rather not molar)		oox̱			-wo'		iti, ite (older sources incl. a final n)	=χũː-ɬǝ-yah, (as a bound element only) χuːl ~ χũː
78	tongue		l’óot’			-sa:sta:n		alup, aluːp	=laʔtʼ, =naʔtʼ
79	fingernail	ìn, înʸ (also, claw)	x̱aakw			-la'-ke'ts' (also, claw)		halčiːg, halčix (nail, claw, hoof) (older sources have an x in place of h)	=yǝ=ɬ=χahc-ɬ
80	foot	kiˀs (leg), buˑlʸ	x̱’oos (foot/leg), xéesʼ (shin)			xe', =xe-ʔ		pul	-qʰiː-, =kʼahš (also, leg), (older form) =kʼʷahš
81	leg	qopqul, qopqu, kiˀs	x̱ʼoos (foot/leg), xéesʼ (shin), saayee (underside of knee)			-qe:, -ts'in'		pul	=kʼahš (lower leg; also, foot), =ɬãːʔ (thigh, upper leg), =xiʔcʼ, =xʷiʔc (lower leg, shin; borrowed from Tlingit?)
82	knee	batpul, bˈat-pulʸ	keey			-qot'		arša, aršaːn, aranšaːn	=quht, =qũht
83	hand	hɜŋn (slightly diff. connotation), lʸaʔŋ, laŋat	jín (hand/arm)		Category:tfn births Category:-lu deaths, Category:tfn births Category:-gguna deaths	-la'		keːgär, keːʔär	-yǝ-, =yǝ=qʼaʔcʼ
84	wing	keˀs	kích
85	belly		yoow (torso), x̱’óol’ (paunch)			-imit'		tʰaloːx, tʰaloːk	=kʰǝmah, =kʰumah (belly, stomach), kʰuːl, kʰũː (belly, thickest part)
86	guts	tùl	naas		Category:tfn births Category:-chutl'a deaths (stomach)	-kya:ne (abdomen, insides), -ch'e:k'e' (intestines, soft belly)
87	neck	kə̄qt, kǝˑqt, kǝˑqtǝ	lidíx’ (back of neck), leitóox̱ (throat)			-q'os		fuymur, pʰuymur	=cʰĩʔ (orig. head), (throat, wind pipe, tranchea) =tǝ=kaʔqʼ-ɬ
88	back		díx̱’			-ne:q' (behind, at the back of), -e:ne' (spine), -ingkine' (small of back)		hapar, xabar, kogar
89	breast		l’aa		Category:tfn births Category:-t'uyts'ena deaths (chest)	-ije:', -its'o:' (woman's breast, udder), -it'ahdiye'		fa, pʰa	cʼuː (female breast, nipple, milk), =šeːkʼ
90	heart	huu	téix̱ʼ	Category:nv births Category:ajéídíshjool deaths, Category:nv births Category:ajéí deaths		-ikyun-sa'a:n		šitap, (older forms) šitabu, šitabii, šitapu	=ʔuq-ɬ
91	liver		tl'óoḵ			-isit'		šičil	=saht
92	to drink		di-naa			ta:dinung (drinking), ta:wina'n (drinking), =naːn		oː=p-aŋ	=tǝ=la
93	to eat	sìj, sʸî, sʸîy	ya-x̱aa	Category:nv births Category:ayą́ deaths, Category:nv births Category:yiyą́ deaths		ky-, k'iw-, ne:lya:-, no:k'in-, -ita:n		toːp-aːk-ŋ	=χ=a
94	to bite	laptaq, lˈap-t-aq, lˈap-t-ɔq	si-taax’, ya-yeeḵ		=ʁaš (imperf.), =ʁač (perf.), =ʁǝs	-xuts', =xacʼ, =xucʼ, (light; to crunch, bite off) =qos, (heavy; same def.) =qocʼ			=qʰa
95	to suck	ut	li-l'aa	Category:nv births Category:ałtʼoʼ deaths, Category:nv births Category:yitsʼǫǫs deaths		-t'ot		alchut, balä'ut, ba'ütang
96	to spit	ultij	ḵ'a-di-toox̱			-xe, -wh		hujungakng
97	to vomit	kɯˀŋ	dli-ḵoo			-xoy
98	to blow (as wind)	bēj	ya-.oox	Category:nv births Category:doochʼih deaths, Category:nv births Category:yisoł deaths, Category:nv births Category:deeyol deaths		-yo:l		baláfu, alfu, bafujang, balafujang
99	to breathe	ilbet	di-saa	Category:nv births Category:hanéíyol deaths, Category:nv births Category:ńdísdzih deaths, Category:nv births Category:yisdah nízin deaths		-diye:wh
100	to laugh	dàʁ	ya-shooḵ			-ło'		chakajang
101	to see	t=uŋ, t=oŋ	ya-teen	Category:nv births Category:nílʼį́ deaths, Category:nv births Category:yooʼį́ deaths	=ʔan (to do, see, have, look)	-tsa:n, =cʰis (imperf.), =cʰaːn (perf.)		tʰ=aːŋ-aŋ	=ʔe, =ʔã
102	to hear	eqsaq, =da	ya-.aax̱		nǝ-x	=cʼeh (perceived act)		h=oː=ti	=tǝ=ɬǝ=čʼaːqʼ (hear, listen), =ʔu=ʔ=(lǝ)=tʰa (listen to, find out, become aware)
103	to know (a fact)	it - am, ˈit-ey	si-koo		(a fact) =ni, (to know, be aware) =yǝn, =zǝn	-ts'it, =cʼit		ŋ=aːliga	=ʔ=ɬ=ka (know, recognize, find out about)
104	to think	anbet	ya-jee			-sin, -se'n
105	to smell (sense odor)	īt	dzi-neex’			-chwiwh, -chwe:n, -chwin			(n.) čãh, čãʔ, chanh, chan'
106	to fear	qoran (noun)	a-ka-dli-x̱eetl’			-lgit
107	to sleep	usʸenʸ (to go to sleep), t=...=qot	ya-taa		Category:tfn births Category:veł deaths, Category:tfn births Category:nuł deaths (noun), =l=taq	mił (noun), -wun, -wun', =waŋ, =wuŋ		dʸ=aːt-aŋ, čagal-aː-k-ŋ (to drowse), (older sources) a=l=ˈa=ten	=cʰuʔt, (to lie) =tʰe (sing.), =tʰuʔčʼ (pl.)
108	to live		ya-tseen			-xinay' (alive)
109	to die	qoreŋ, qɔ-rʸaŋ, qɔ-rʸeŋ	ya-naa		=ƛan, =qʰi=sil (human), =yuq (animal)	-ch'it, =tʼeːn, =tʼiŋ		dʸ=a=xa-y-aŋ	=sĩh
110	to kill	èj, ɛ̂y	ya-jaaḵ		čʰi==t=ɬ=yuq, (pl. subj.) =ʁun	-wa:n, -łte' (get killed), =weː		oga-ʔaː-če-aŋ	=še, (only killing pl. objects) =siyu
111	to fight	kàl	ḵu-li-gaaw			k'iłch'ixa:-
112	to hunt (transitive)	assano	a-ya-l'oon			k'iwuna:y-
113	to hit	tàr	sha-ya-x̱eech			-wul, -wa:tł', -kis (fist)
114	to cut	doo	ya-xaash			-t'us, -t'a:ts'
115	to split	untet	li-x̱oot’	Category:nv births Category:ałtániiłgizh deaths, Category:nv births Category:hadiiłkaal deaths		-k'il
116	to stab (or stick)	dontet	ya-gwaal			-qot
117	to scratch (an itch)	inkit	ka-ya-x’oot’			-ts'e:k' (claw, fingernail), -ge:s (fingers)
118	to dig	qɯ̀r	ka-ya-haa			xa:-
119	to swim	sùj, sʸuy, sʸuːyi, sʸuː()yǝ	ji-si-kwaan (around something), ya-x’aak (underwater)		Category:tfn births Category:nughebał deaths, =cʰi=l=kʰǝɬ (human), =laʁ (fishes, animals), =l=kʰit (across), =pa	-me:, -me', -'il (along, around)		ul=šuy	=we, (to sit or swim on the surface of water, as in waterfowl, etc.) =ɬǝ=qʰu
120	to fly	dòq, dɔ̂q	di-ḵeen (sg.), dli-yeech, dli-heech (pl.)			-xis, -xits'		f=a=ta-g-a iːnaŋ (idiomatic express.)	=tǝ=ɬ=kʼaʔtʼ
121	to walk	ejiŋ, ˈe-iŋ, ˈey-iŋ=tnʸ (also, to go)	ya-goot (sg.), ya-.aat (pl.)		Category:tfn births Category:gheyuł deaths(sg. go)	-ha:l (along, go)		eä=xeːy-aŋ, iːn-aŋ (also, to go)
122	to come	igbes, ˈi-g-besʸ	ḵu-ya-teen	Category:nv births Category:jiníyá deaths, Category:nv births Category:yílyeed deaths	Category:tfn births Category:niyu deaths, =yu	-ya:		i=toːy-aŋ	=a
123	to lie (as on one's side)	t-tn, t=...=qot	ya-tee, .aax̱ (cloth), la-.aat	Category:nv births Category:sitį́ deaths, Category:nv births Category:jiztį́ deaths	Category:tfn births Category:ztan deaths, =tʰa-n	-si, -tiwh (down), -te:n (down), =tʰeː, =tʰeːčʼ		i=teːn-aŋ (down), dʸ=aːt-aŋ	=tʰe (sing.), =tʰuʔčʼ (pl.)
124	to sit	ūŋ	ya-nook (sg.), ya-ḵee (pl.)	Category:nv births Category:sidá deaths, Category:nv births Category:jizdá deaths	Category:tfn births Category:zdu deaths, =tu	-dil, -de:tł'			=ta, (pl. subj.) =qʰu
125	to stand	īn, iˑnʸ	ya-haan (sg.), ya-naaḵ (pl.)			ya:-		f=a=ta-g-aːk-ŋ (to go to stand), ay yatˈɨk, yätɨk (I am standing), dʸ=a=tek-ŋ, dʸ=ä=tek-ŋ,
126	to turn (change direction)	ta - kil	a-ya-di-goot			-'eh (away from), na:-
127	to fall (as in drop)	dəqŋ	ka-li-soos (drop)			-ts'it (drop), -xut(') (fall), -xi(t)s(') (fall over)
128	to give	qəreŋ, n=...=o, aq	ḵaa jèe			-'awh, -'a:n		hi=peːn-aŋ	=čʼ (to give, bring, move towards)
129	to hold (in one's hand)	utoq	li-shaat			-tun'
130	to squeeze	hataŋbet	li-g̱oots, ya-g̱ootl (also, to mash by squeezing)			-tik, -chwun' (make something bulge by squeezing)
131	to rub	kīt	lli-g̱eex̱'			-łiw (something on), -q'a: (against)
132	to wash	ulgaŋ	ya-.oos'	Category:nv births Category:iigis deaths, Category:nv births Category:tánéígis deaths		-diw
133	to wipe	abbet	li-g̱oo			-chwit
134	to pull	tàŋ	ya-x̱óot’ (haul), si-xaat’ (haul heavy object), si-yeeḵ (string),			-yo:s
135	to push	telaŋij	ya-gooḵ	Category:nv births Category:bíjooyił deaths, Category:nv births Category:naaʼííłhad deaths		-chwit
136	to throw	esdaq	ya-g̱eech	Category:nv births Category:iijiłneʼ deaths, Category:nv births Category:ajiiłhan deaths		-mil, -me:tł'
137	to tie	aŋej	ya-doox’			-loy', -tł'o:wh (onto something), -tł'on' (onto s.)			tl'i
138	to sew	həlsej	ya-ḵaa			-xut'
139	to count	dèr	dzi-toow, dzi-teew			-tuq'
140	to say	sˈaɣ-a-bet, =ma	ya-ya-ḵaa		Category:tfn births Category:ya deaths, =ni, =nax (imperf.), =nak (perf.)	-ne', -ne:		dʸ=a=čagar-aŋ	=tǝ=le, (to tell about) =ʔ=χa
141	to sing		ya-shee			-'aw(h), -'a:n
142	to play	aniŋbet	ḵudzi.ook' (quietly)			-ne:l (w/ game, toys, etc.), -ne: (music), -ne' (music)
143	to float	doqŋ	li-haash, a-ka-ya-haa			-ta'w (in air), -la:t (to there), -xiwh (off), -xe:n (off)			łə-dux
144	to flow	qɯ̄n	ya-daa			(-win)-lin
145	to freeze	təəl	li-t’eex’
146	to swell	hɯˀŋ (noun)	dli-x’ees’			-yo:tł, -yol
147	sun		g̱agaan	Category:nv births Category:shá deaths, Category:nv births Category:jóhonaaʼéí deaths	Category:tfn births Category:ni'i deaths, Category:tfn births Category:nu'uy deaths, n=ʔu-yi, nu=ʔu-y, ni=ʔ-i	jingkyo:wit-qa:l, de:di-qa:l, wha, ʍaː		eːga, eːgä, (older sources) ˈega	qǝtǝ=kǝɬ, qǝtǝ=kiɬ (formed from v. "to shrivel")
148	moon		dís		Category:tfn births Category:geljay deaths, ʁǝ=l=ca-y, ʁǝ=l=ča(-y)	xitł'e'-wha, wha, ʍaː		šuy (also, yellow)	qʰǝχah
149	star	qòʁ, qɔʔ, qoaɢ	ḵutx̱.ayanahá		Category:tfn births Category:sem deaths, sin, sǝm, sim	tsing', cʰiŋʼ		al=ag, al=ak, al=ˈax	laʔχcʼ-ɬ
150	water		héen		Category:tfn births Category:tu deaths, Category:tfn births Category:minłni deaths, vinɬni, piɬni, miɬni	tʰaʔ=naːn, (body of water) tʰoː		u(ː)l	kiyah, (preverb) tʰaʔ (into water)
151	to rain	ˈulʸ-esʸ (noun), qòʁ	séew, sóow		Category:tfn births Category:ełkun deaths, (noun) kʰun	naː=n=ya-y (noun; also means it's raining)		ur, uːr (noun)	kʼu=leh (n.), (it's raining) yãːʔ t-ʔya
152	river	sēs, qōks	héen			to (any body of water), hun' (specifically the Trinity River)		šēt
153	lake		áa			to (same as above), minq'			ma·
154	sea (as in ocean)	mora (Russian)	éil'			to (same as above), to:-dingq'och' (salt water)			shi·
155	salt		éil’		Category:tfn births Category:nuti deaths, nu-tʰi	łehq'onch', ɬeh=qʼončʼ		šin-če(ː)t,	tiːyaʔ
156	stone		té		Category:tfn births Category:tsa deaths, qʰa(=n=)ɬ=nik-i	cʰeː		šiːš	cʰaː
157	sand	hˈɜnʸaŋ, hˈɜnʸeŋ, hɜnǝŋ, hɜɛneŋ	l'éiw		Category:tfn births Category:suy deaths, suɣ(i)	łich'iwh, ɬi=čʼiʍ		tʰagan, tʰakˈan, (in older sources) tagˈan-aŋ	čʰiːš-k
158	dust	huˀs	kadánjaa, chʼéix̱ʼw			łich'iwh, ɬi=čʼiʍ
159	earth (as in soil)		tl’átk, l’éx̱’kw			nin', ninʼ, neʔn, (original form) *ninʼV.		paŋ	ʔãh
160	cloud		ḵugóosʼ		Category:tfn births Category:q'es deaths, qʼǝs	'ah, ʔah		ašpar, ašpˈor	qʼahs
161	fog	ulij	ḵugáas’, x’úkjaa (steam)		Category:tfn births Category:uq deaths, Category:tfn births Category:nunigi deaths	mi=s=čeː, mi=s=čeh (fog, haze)
162	sky	ēs	góos’ (cloudy sky), xáats’ (blue sky)					ēš
163	wind (as in breeze)		óoxjaa, xóon (north), l’ag̱akáx̱ (south)		ɬ=cʼǝy, ɬ=čʼǝy, ɬ=čʼǝɣ (from it blows)	tʰeh=s=čʼeː (lit. it blows along)		peːi, (older sources) pei	kʼuːy, (archaic) kʼuːya, kʼuːyǝ
164	snow	beˀt, tīk	dleit			nundil		tʰiːk, (icy snow crust) sāk	xiƛʼ, xuƛʼ, xǝƛʼ, (snow, ice) t'it, (soft snow, tundra) wehs
165	ice		(snow, ice, hard) t’éex’	Category:nv births Category:tin deaths, (hard) tˡ'lz		k'ilo (hail, ice), ningxosting (frost), ningxiwinte:n (tree frost), (hard) tˡ'itˢ'			t'it (snow, ice)
166	smoke		s'eeḵ		Category:tfn births Category:dasgedi deaths, ta=s=kǝt-i	łit		tu, (older sources) tug	ɬãht
167	fire		x̱’aan		Category:tfn births Category:qen deaths, Category:tfn births Category:daz'i deaths, qʰǝn, tazʔi	xong', xoŋʼ		hat, (older forms) xott, xot, xat	tǝ=qʼaː-k, (roots, always bound) qʰuʔ, qʰuː, qʰũː
168	ash	qolan, qˈɔlɨn, qˈɔlǝn, qˈɔlan	kél't'		kʼǝ=lac-a, kʼǝ=lačʼ-a (ashes), (orig. form *kʼǝ=lač-ʔa.)	xong'-din, xoŋʼ-tin, xoŋʼ-tiŋ (ashes)		fenaŋ, finaŋ, funaŋ (f=voiceless bilabial fricative, Ф), pʰenaŋ	cʰĩʔƛʼ-k (ashes)
169	to burn (intransitive)	inoʁat (intr.), duut (tr.)	si-gaan (tr.), ya-gaan (intr.) (also ‘shine’)			-lit		č=augan-aŋ	=ɬ=qʼa (tr.), =tǝ=qʼa
170	road		dei			tin, tʰin		hek, (older sources) xɨk	tʰaː
171	mountain		shaa, g̱íl’ (cliff)		Category:tfn births Category:dghelay deaths, Category:tfn births Category:dghili deaths, Category:tfn births Category:tes deaths (hill), tʁili, tʁǝlay	ninis'a:n (world, surface of the earth, country, mountain)		dʸiː, dʸix, (older forms) ǯii, ǯiy, (mountain ridge) xē-lēx	ʔiƛʼ
172	red		x̱’aan (fire)		Category:tfn births Category:dagheldel deaths, (=l)=tǝl	tse:l-nehwa:n (it is red, lit. blood-it resembles)		šur-um-# (now only exists as infinit.), (older form) šurama	=tǝ=čʼeːʔ (to turn red)
173	green		s’oow (greenstone), kayaaní (leaf)		Category:tfn births Category:dgheltl'ech' deaths, kʼ=tʼun qʰi-ti-l-tʼan-i	-tsow, =cʰow		šapkan (it is green)	tiːyaʔ-kaʔ (green, light blue, blue-green; lit. salt similar-to)
174	yellow		tl’áatl’ (canary), ch’áak’ loowú (dark yellow, lit. bald eagle’s beak)		Category:tfn births Category:dgheltsegh deaths, ti=tǝ=cʰik-i, ti=t=čʰik-i	da'kya:w-nehwa:n (it is yellow, lit. canary-it resembles)		šuy (also, moon)	χǝwaː-cʰeʔqʼ-kaʔ (lit. dog urine-like)
175	white		dleit (snow)		Category:tfn births Category:dghelggeyi deaths, =l=qǝy	-qay		tʰeːg-am, tʰeːk-am, (older sources) tegama	xiƛʼ-kaʔ, xǝƛʼ-kaʔ (lit. snow-like)
176	black	tūm, tuˑm-sʸ	t’ooch’ (charcoal)		Category:tfn births Category:dghelt'ich'i deaths, =ƛʼǝčʼ, =l=tʼǝš, =l=tʼicʼ	-whin, =ʍin		tʰum	tǝ=ɬ=tʼuːčʼ (it turns black), cʼǝq-ɬ-kaʔ (black-like)
177	night		taat		Category:tfn births Category:tl'aq' deaths, Category:tfn births Category:tets deaths, tʰǝc, ƛʼaqʼ	xutł'e', xitł'e'		šiːg, šiːx	χǝƛʼ
178	day (daytime)		yagiyee			je:nis
179	year		táakw (winter)			xay		šeːga, šeːgä, (older sources) šega	leh q=ʔya
180	warm (as in weather)		ḵu-ya-t’aa (weather)	Category:nv births Category:sizílí deaths, Category:nv births Category:honeezílí deaths		-nse:l		fal, pʰal, (hot) kuši
181	cold (as in weather)	taʔy (frost, feeling, also exists as frost (n.)), qaqtɯm	ḵu-si-.aat’ (weather)	Category:nv births Category:deeskʼaaz deaths, Category:nv births Category:hakʼaz deaths	Category:tfn births Category:edli deaths, Category:tfn births Category:ezhi deaths, ǝ=ži	'isyah, 'usyah (it's cold!), -quts, =qʼacʼ		čal (feeling)	=ƛʼe (v.)
182	full	qō (more idiomatic), uˑt	sha-ya-heek		=l=vǝn	=min		uːti	tǝq-i-taʔ -tǝ-ʔya (to become full)
183	new	kî-sʸ	yées		qʼu-ti-ti, qʼu-ti-qʰǝ-ya-ʔa, qʼu-ti-χ-ya-ʔa	q'ung, qʼaŋ		ki	qʼaː-yaː (lit. already one-thing)
184	old	sīn	shaan (of people), tlagu (of things)		Category:tfn births Category:suk'i deaths, Category:tfn births Category:q'et'i deaths	-diya:n
185	good	aqta, ˈaqta-sʸ	ya-k’ei, kalé (archaic)		Category:tfn births Category:yagheli deaths, ya=ʁǝl-i	-who:n, =ʍoːn		hag-ši, hamaː	=čuː
186	bad	sēl	tléil ... shi-k'ei (not good)			-chwin'
187	rotten (as a log)	sīn	li-s’eex, naaḵw (rotten wood), ḵúlk (rotten wood)			-git, -łiw, -łiq
188	dirty	sintu	li-ch’eix̱’w, tl’eex (filth)	Category:nv births Category:niłhin deaths, Category:nv births Category:chin bąąh deaths		chwin-ch'iliw (he is/gets dirty), -chwin'
189	straight	tatiŋ	tléil ... ka-dzi-teix̱' (not crooked)			ts'it, -don'
190	round	teɛp (obsolete; no modern attestation), krˈuglʸay-sʸ (Russian)	k’wát’ (egg)			-wol, -ma:ts'		eːper	qǝmǝkʼ
191	sharp (as a knife)	ēt	li-k'aats'			-me:n		ēti
192	dull (as a knife)	salan	ya-di-g̱eel			-chwil
193	smooth	uul	ka-di-yaas'			-xit (slippery, slick, smooth)
194	wet	ultu	di-tl'aak'	Category:nv births Category:ditłééʼ deaths, Category:nv births Category:hoditłééʼ deaths		-chwil, niłchwił (it is wet; compare to Dena-ina!!)		ūra	łq'u· (to become damp)
195	dry (adjective)	toʁojiŋ, tɔʁˈɔyiŋ-sʸ, toˑyiŋ-sʸ	ya-xook	Category:nv births Category:yíłtseii deaths, Category:nv births Category:hóółtseii deaths		-tsa:y		šiː=gal	=tǝ=ɬ=ʔeht (v.; to become dry, as in foodstuff)
196	right (correct)	baˀt	ayáx̱ (like that)			xo'ji, xo'ch (true, really, correctly)
197	near	ɯlga	ka-ya-sei			xunding (it is nearby, close)			=taː-, (near, close, visiting) =teːleh, (near, by, with, in poss. of OBJ) OBJ=χaʔ
198	far	bìl	ya-lei			'ułtsa:ch'ing' (distant), nisah (a long way)			=ʔaːw (same as long)
199	right (side)		g̱aayéinax̱.á, sheeynax̱.á			xo'ji-ching'
200	left (side)	tūl	lḵaax̱éinax̱.á, s’át’nax̱.á			nichwin'-ch'ing'
201	at	ka	-x’, eex’, -t, eet	Category:nv births Category:-di deaths, Category:nv births Category:-gi deaths		digyun(g) (at this location, here)
202	in	ka	(inside of) g̱ei, (inside) yík, tu (its inside)		Category:tfn births Category:va deaths, Category:tfn births Category:veyi deaths	-'
203	with (accompanying)	-as	teen, een, -n	Category:nv births Category:ił deaths, Category:nv births Category:bee deaths		mił
204	and	haj	ḵa			hijit, hichit (and then)
205	if	sīm, ū				-de'
206	because	-diŋta, doʁot	ách áwé (that's why)			mich'in(g)'-ding (because of it)
207	name		saa		Category:tfn births Category:izhi deaths, =i=yi, =i=ya, =i=ži	-whe', -whe:, =oː=ʍe-ʔ		ix, iːx	wǝšeh
208	house	iŋɢus	hít		Category:tfn births Category:qenq'a deaths (log)	xontah (modern)	kų́ę́		yahd
209	door	ella, lamel	x̱’aháat			no:na:witse (door, gate)
210	deer		g̱uwakaan, dzískw (moose), watsíx (caribou)		Category:tfn births Category:vejex deaths (caribou)	k'iłixun
211	mouse		kag̱áak, kuts’een		Category:tfn births Category:nk'eła deaths, Category:tfn births Category:dlin'a deaths	ło'n (white-faced mouse)		ďūta	tl'u·tiyas
212	rabbit	beˀs (Yugh: ak (jumping hare) < Proto-Yeniseian: ʔak ~ ʔaχ)	g̱áx̱			na:q'itah-k'iłixun (jackrabbit), tł'oh-me:we (cottontail rabbit)			g̣əx̣
213	eagle		ch’áak’ (bald eagle)			ło:q'-ya:n (bald eagle), tismil (large eagle)
214	spider		kanas.aadí, asgutuyiksháa ('woman in the forest')		Category:tfn births Category:nuhqelashi deaths, Category:tfn births Category:tuk'ejay deaths	k'iłwe:-kyoh
215	face		yá			-ning'
216	body		daadleeyí (‘flesh around’)			-nist'e' (physical body)
217	navel		kool			-ts'e:q'
218	finger		tl’eiḵ			-la'
219	sick (painful)	àr	néekw (noun)	Category:nv births Category:daatsaah deaths, Category:nv births Category:tsʼííh niidóóh deaths		-ch'a:t
220	needle		táax’al’			mił-wa'yo:s
221	cloth	sujgiŋ	s'ísaa (sailcloth)		Category:tfn births Category:itl' deaths (clothing)
222	thunder	ekŋ, ekin	xeitl			k'ehniwh
223	lightning	ekkinna boˀk	xeitl l’íkws’i		shila	k'iqiwh (there is lighthing)
224	above	əət	kináak, shakée			je:nah (up above), -t'a:w
225	under	hɯtka	tayee, k’iyee			me:wi- (underneath), -yeh
226	to cough	qaqtɯmej	a-dzi-kooḵ			-xos
227	to buy	kitbet	ya-.oo			-xe:t
228	to choose	qòs	ya-ya-g̱eech
229	to grow		ya-waat	Category:nv births Category:biyaa deaths Category:nv births Category:hooʼaʼ deaths, Category:nv births Category:biyaa deaths Category:nv births Category:hazlį́į́ʼ deaths		-chwil, -chwe:n (physically), -yiw, -ya:n (developmentally; e.g. a generation of people), -yun' (old)
230	to open	uskij	shu-ya-taan			-tse:
231	to steal	uddiŋ	ya-taaw			-kyo:t			ch'u'
232	to dream		a-ya-joon			-la:l
233	to cry	den	ya-g̱aax̱	Category:nv births Category:atídínéshdlį́į́ʼ deaths, Category:nv births Category:iʼniicha deaths		chweh (noun), -chwiw
234	to yawn	esqontiŋ	ḵ'a-ya-waash			-sa:l
235	to cook		si-.ee	Category:nv births Category:yitʼees deaths / Category:nv births Category:yibéézh deaths		-na:, -na'
236	six		tleidooshú			xosta:n	ehtsʼę́tai	xelu:cha	tsi'i:n
237	seven		dax̱adooshú			xohk'it	lą́hdįgh	xeli:na	la'dits'i:n
238	eight		nas’gadooshú			ke:nim	ehtsʼę́dįį	xalto:nga	q'adits'i:n
239	nine		gooshúk			miq(')os-t'aw	lúúli	chumua:ga	guts'de:
240	ten		jinkaat			minłung	honénǫ	ha:ga	dAGa:q'

Sources

• Vajda, Edward and Andrey Nefedov. 2009. "Ket vocabulary" In: Haspelmath, Martin & Tadmor, Uri (eds.) World Loanword Database. Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, 1030 entries. http://wold.livingsources.org/vocabulary/18
• Story, Gillian L. and Constance M. Naish, et al., ed.Tlingit Verb Dictionary. Fairbanks, Alaska: Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1973. https://tlingitlanguage.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Tlingit-verb-dictionary.pdf
• Edwards, Keri. 2009.Dictionary of Tlingit. Juneau, Alaska: Sealaska Heritage Institute. http://www.sealaskaheritage.org/sites/default/files/Tlingit_dictionary_web.pdf
• Tlingit noun dictionary online
• Kari, James. Dena'ina Topical Dictionary. Alaska Native Language Center, 2007.
• Dena'ina Qenaga
• Hupa Language Dictionary and Texts, Linguistics Department, UC Berkeley
• Yeniseian family: Yeniseian group (5 lists), The Global Lexicostatistical Database
• Na-Dene family: Eyak group (1 list), The Global Lexicostatistical Database
• Na-Dene family: Athapaskan group (11 lists), The Global Lexicostatistical Database

External links

• Ket language word list
• Tlingit language dictionary
• Athabaskan words
• Navajo language resource (with audio)
• On the Origin of Languages: Studies in Linguistic Taxonomy, Google Books