Biotic component

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Biotic component can be explained by the living organisms and their biodiversity as all species are unevenly distributed throughout the world. Distribution patterns are strongly influenced by historical processes that have dominated the biogeography of continental biotas (Mazembe, Fernando, 2016). Influences of biotic components include species, pathogen/disease outbreaks, and human influence. The biotic factors within an ecosystem can be described as the influence of one living organism on another that has the potential to reshape the environment. The three Biotic components are producers, consumers, and decomposers. The interconnectedness of energy/nutrient exchange between these three factors provide the opportunity for significant ecosystem change. Diagram of a bacterium, tree, and a bee that are living factors of biotic components found in an ecosystem that are influenced by abiotic factors.

Three main biotic components:

Producers, (autotrophs) convert energy through the process of photosynthesis into food.
Consumers, (heterotrophs) are dependent on producers and other consumers for food.
Decomposers, (detritivores) break down organic material from producers and consumers to be reused.

Influences

Species

Species all around the world are influenced and are subject to be reshaped by the biotic factors of their ecosystem. The stability of population dynamics is an emergent property of the interaction between predator and prey (Farshid, Ahrestani, Smith, Hebblewhite, Running, Eric, 2016). Because of this density and population fluctuations of species provides opportunity for extinctions within the ecosystem and environment. Analysis of variation across populations in the strength of direct and delayed density dependence can reveal variation in stability properties of populations at the species level (Farshid, Ahrestani, Smith, Hebblewhite, Running, Eric, 2016)

Pathogens and Disease Outbreaks

Pathogens and disease outbreaks much like species have the potential to influence population size, density and to cause extinction. Pathogens are ubiquitous in nature and mediate ecological processes that are crucial to species survival (Paseka, White, Van de Waal, Strauss, González, Everett, Borer, 2020). The major difference between pathogens and diseases are that while diseases remain completely negative to its hosts, pathogen infecting autotrophs may have positive or negative effects (Paseka, White, Van de Waal, Strauss, González, Everett, Borer, 2020). Both pathogens and diseases are crucial elements to the sustainable future of an ecosystem.

Human Influence

Human influence provides the greatest potential for rapid and long-term changes in the environment. Common forms of human influence include building infrastructure, pollution, waste and climate change. Human climate change in plants effects glucose and phytochemical levels that can have a negative influence on plant species, development stage, plant organ, plant competition, and fertilization. (Björkman, Klingen, Birch, Bones, Bruce, Johansen, Stewart, 2011).

Protists example

Protistan are single-celled eukaryotic species that live in marine ecosystems, they play an important role as primary producers, consumers, and decomposers (Caron, Countway, Jones, Kim, Schnetzer, Astrid, 2012). The role of these organisms on one another create and maintain ecosystem function along with biogeochemical cycles. The substantial size range of Protists along with their nutrient and energy requirements plays a pivotal role as these species represent both primary producers and consumers at the bottom of food webs (Caron, Countway, Jones, Kim, Schnetzer, Astrid, 2012). “While almost half of the worlds primary productivity occurs in the ocean a large fraction of that is mediated by photosynthetic Protists (Caron, Countway, Jones, Kim, Schnetzer, Astrid, 2012). This shows the substantial impact that biotic factors of Protists have on creating, maintain, and changing marine ecosystems.

References

Notes

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Björkman, Maria, Klingen, Ingeborg, Birch, Andrew N.E, Bones, Atle M, Bruce, Toby J.A, Johansen, Tor J, . . . Stewart, Derek. (2011). Phytochemicals of Brassicaceae in plant protection and human health – Influences of climate, environment and agronomic practice. Phytochemistry (Oxford), 72(7), 538-556.
Caron, David A, Countway, Peter D, Jones, Adriane C, Kim, Diane Y, & Schnetzer, Astrid. (2012). Marine Protistan Diversity. Annual Review of Marine Science, 4(1), 467-493.
Daniel, Gimo Mazembe, & Vaz-de-Mello, Fernando Z. (2016). Biotic components of dung beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Pantanal - Cerrado Border and its implications for Chaco regionalization. Journal of Natural History, 50(17-18), 1159-1173.
Farshid S. Ahrestani, William K. Smith, Mark Hebblewhite, Steven Running, & Eric Post. (2016). Variation in stability of elk and red deer populations with abiotic and biotic factors at the species-distribution scale. Ecology (Durham), 97(11), 3184-3194.
Paseka, Rachel E, White, Lauren A, Van de Waal, Dedmer B, Strauss, Alex T, González, Angélica L, Everett, Rebecca A, . . . Borer, Elizabeth T. (2020). Disease-mediated ecosystem services: Pathogens, plants, and people. Trends in Ecology & Evolution (Amsterdam), 35(8), 731-743.

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