| Location | Uncertain |
|---|---|
| Region | Upper Mesopotamia |
| Type | City |
| History | |
| Periods | Early Dynastic period |
| Cultures | Sumer |
| Associated with | Sumerians |
| Site notes | |
| Condition | Lost city |
Hamazi first came to the attention of archaeologists with the discovery of a vase with an inscription in very archaic cuneiform commemorating the victory of Uhub (r. c. 2570 – c. 2550 BCE as an early ruler of Kish) over Hamazi, resulting in speculation that Hamazi was to be identified with Carchemish (in Syria). Its exact location is unknown; but, it's now generally considered to have been located somewhere along the vicinity of the Diyala river and/or the western region of the Zagros mountains—possibly near Nuzi (in Iraq) or Hamadan (in Iran). The earliest mention of Hamazi is on the Bowl of Utu (dated to c. 3245, 2750, or 2600 BCE). It was also mentioned in two legends: Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta and Enmerkar and En-suhgir-ana.
A copy of a diplomatic message sent from Irkab-Damu (r. c. 2340 BCE as the malikum of Ebla) to Zizi (r. c. 2450 BCE as a ruler of Hamazi) was found among the Ebla tablets. According to the SKL, king Hadanish of Hamazi (r. c. 2450 – c. 2430 BCE) held the hegemony over Sumer after defeating Kish; however, he was in turn defeated by Enshakushanna of Uruk.
Hamazi was one of the provinces under the reign of Amar-Suen (r. c. 2047 – c. 2038, c. 2046 – c. 2038 BCE) of the third dynasty of Ur. Ur-Adad, Lu-nanna (son of Nam-mahani), Ur-Ishkur, and Warad-Nannar may have ruled as governors of Hamazi up until the province was plundered c. 2010 BCE by Ishbi-Erra (r. c. 2018 – c. 1985, c. 2017 – c. 1985 BC) of Isin. The rulers of Hamazi are believed to have r. c. 3245 – c. 2010 BCE.
List of rulers
edit| # | Ruler | Approximated date and length of reign | Succession and death details | Notes and references |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Denotes a ruler described with the Sumero-Akkadian equivalent for the title of king |
||||
| Early Dynastic IIIb period (c. 2500 – c. 2350 BCE) | ||||
| Dynasty of Hamazi (r. c. 2530 – c. 2010 BCE) | ||||
| ? | Hadanish | r. c. 2530, c. 2450, c. 2430 BCE (7, 360, or 420 years) |
Unclear succession | |
| ? | Zizi | r. c. 2450 BCE | ||
| ? | Lu-nanna | r. c. 2046 – c. 2041 BCE | Son of Nam-mahani | |
| ? | Ur-Ishkur | r. c. 2041 – c. 2037 BCE | Unclear succession | |
| ? | Warad-Nannar | r. c. 2037 – c. 2010 BCE | ||
See also
editReferences
editNotes
edit- ^ Sumerian: 𒈗, romanized: lugal; transliterated: lú.gal; lugal; lit. 'big man'.
- ^ The Sumerian king list (SKL) is a regnal list that records up to 139 kings said to have held the kingship (Sumerian: 𒉆𒈗, romanized: nam-lugal) over all of Sumer (Sumerian: 𒆠𒂗𒄀, romanized: kién-g̃i(-r)).
- ^ Sumerian: 𒉺𒋼𒋛, romanized: lugal kiški; transliterated: lugal kiški.
- ^ Sumerian: 𒈗𒌦𒈠, romanized: lugal kalam-ma; transliterated: lugal kalam.ma.
- ^ Sumerian: 𒂗𒆠𒂗𒄀𒈗𒌦, romanized: én kién-g̃i(-r) lugal kalam
- ^ Sumerian: 𒉺𒋼𒋛, lit. 'énsí'; transliterated: pa.te.si; ensi₂; lit. 'lord of the plowland'.
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