User:SounderBruce/Sandbox/Transit

Sound Transit

History

Timeline

• 1987: Washington State Rail Development Commission formed by the Washington State Legislature
• 1990-04: High Capacity Transit Act passes state legislature, providing local-option taxing authority for public transit
• 1990-08: Joint Regional Policy Committee (JPRC) formed by King, Pierce and Snohomish counties to coordinate regional transit planning
• 1993-06-22: Pierce County votes to join RTA
• 1993-07-06: King County Council votes to join RTA, by one vote
• 1993-07-08: Snohomish County votes to join RTA
• 1993-09-17: RTA Board holds first meeting at the former WSDOT District 7 offices in Bellevue, King County Councilmember Bruce Laing elected as first chairman
• 1994-09: Original proposed date for RTA election, later delayed to March 1995
• 1995: TRY Rail demonstration
• 1995-03-14: RTA plan fails
• 1996-05-31: RTA Board approves finalized Sound Move plan, vote scheduled for November 5
• 1996-11-05: Sound Move passes
• 1997-08-15: CPSRTA Board adopts "Sound Transit" as its official name for services, along with "Link" for light rail, "Sounder" for commuter rail and "Regional Express" for buses; "Central Puget Sound Regional Transit Authority" retained as business name;
• 1997-09-25: Sound Transit logo and color scheme adopted
• 1999-09-19: ST Express begins service on nine routes
• 1999-10-16: Union Station rededicated as ST headquarters
• 2000-09-18: Sounder South begins service, from Tacoma to Seattle via Sumner and Auburn; Puyallup, Kent and Tukwila stations open in 2001
• 2003-08-03: Tacoma Link begins service
• 2003-11-08: Groundbreaking for Central Link held in SODO
• 2003-12-23: Sounder North begins service, from Everett to Seattle via Edmonds; Mukilteo Station opens in 2008
• 2007-11-06: Roads and Transit vote fails
• 2008-11-04: ST2 vote passes
• 2009-07-18: Central Link (Westlake to Tukwila) begins service
• 2009-12-19: Airport Link (Tukwila to SeaTac) begins service
• 2012-10-08: Sounder South extended to South Tacoma and Lakewood via the newly-built Point Defiance Bypass
• 2016-03-19: University Link (Westlake to UW) begins service
• 2016-09-24: S 200th Link Extension (SeaTac/Airport to Angle Lake) begins service
• 2016-11: ST3 passed

Future

• 2021: Northgate Link (UW to Northgate) begins service
• 2023: Lynnwood Link (Northgate to Lynnwood) begins service
• 2023: East Link (ID/C to Overlake) begins service

Organization

Board of Directors

• 18-member Board of Directors
  • Elected officials from Snohomish (3), King (10) and Pierce (4); and Secretary of Transportation
  • Monthly meetings for Board, plus committees
• 2017: Legislature proposes 11 districts and elected, non-partisan board members (no other offices allowed)

Management

• Current CEO: Peter Rogoff (former FTA head)
• Former CEOs: Bob White (until 2001); Joni Earl (2001 to 2015); Mike Harbor (acting, 2015 to 2016)
• CEO duties?
• Other high-level managers (light rail director during 2000s?)

Regional coordination

• ORCA
• ST Express

Policing

• Contracted with Securitas USA

Accountability

• Audits from FTA and State Auditor
• Citizen Oversight Panel, and other advisory committees

Sustainability

• Light rail power: mostly sustainable until 2023 (Seattle City Light vs. PSE)
• ISO 14001 environmental and sustainability management system

Programs

• STart: Percent for Art since 1998
• Seattle Sounders (USL) sponsorship in 2008

Facilities

Administrative buildings

• Headquarters: Union Station, 401 South Jackson Street, Seattle (adjacent to King Street Station, International District/Chinatown Station and First Hill Streetcar)
• Bus bases owned and operated by partner agencies
• Light rail base in SODO
• Amtrak-Sounder facility on Holgate

Future expansion

Long Range Plan updates

• 1996-05-31: Sound Move 10-Year Plan adopted by ST Board
• 2005-07-07: Long Range Plan adopted
• 2014-12-18: LRP Update adopted

Fleet

Main article: Sound Transit fleet

• 2009 fleet overview with detail pages for Link Series 1, Tacoma Link, Sounder, Gillig, MCI, New Flyer, etc.

Funding

• 1.9 percent sales and use tax
• Motor vehicle excise tax (MVET; colloquially "car tabs")
  • 2017 controversy over ST3 increase
• Property tax (introduced in ST3)
• Rental car sales tax (unused)
• 2015: Two-thirds to capital consrtuction

Subarea equity

Subareas

• North King County (730,600): Seattle, Shoreline and Lake Forest Park
• East King County (530,500): Eastside, including Bellevue, Mercer Island, Redmond, Kirkland, Issaquah, Bothell, Woodinville, Sammamish and Renton
• South King County (518,200): South of Seattle, including SeaTac, Tukwila, Federal Way, Kent and Auburn
• Pierce County (694,600): Northern Pierce County, including Tacoma, Lakewood and Puyallup
• Snohomish County (445,400): Southwestern Snohomish County, including Everett, Lynnwood, Edmonds, Mountlake Terrace, Mill Creek and Mukilteo

Fare enforcement

• Link and Sounder: POP with changes in 2022

External links

• Official website

Sound Transit fleet

Alternate title: Sound Transit rolling stock

Sound Transit is a regional public transit system that serves portions of the Seattle metropolitan area, providing light rail, commuter rail, and express bus service. The system has a fleet of over 450 vehicles, including 132 railcars and 307 buses.

Link light rail

• Central: 101 to 162 Kinkisharyo, 201 to 352 Siemens
  • Siemens S700: 95 ft long, 8.69 ft wide, 12.7 ft tall without pantograph
• Tacoma: 1001 to 1003 Skoda, 1004 to 1008 Brookeville

Sounder commuter rail

• Bombardier cars and cabs; GM/Motive locomotives

Sound Transit Express

Sound Transit Express routes are contracted out to three local agencies, but are branded uniformly.

• Double-deckers introduced in 2015

Sound Transit public art

Based on Toronto subway public art

• STart program
• Tables by system

ORCA card

ORCA

Location	Puget Sound region
Launched	April 20, 2009 (2009-04-20)
Technology	MIFARE DESFire contactless smart card
Operator	Vix Technology
Manager	Central Puget Sound Regional Fare Coordination Project
Currency	United States dollar ($300 maximum load)
Stored-value	E-purse
Credit expiry	None
Auto recharge	Autoload
Validity	Sound Transit: Link light rail, Sounder, Sound Transit Express King County Metro, Pierce Transit, Community Transit, Kitsap Transit buses Washington State Ferries, King County Water Taxi, Kitsap Foot Ferries, Kitsap Fast Ferries
Retailed	Online
Variants	Reduced Regional Fare Permit (RRFP)
Website	orcacard.com

The ORCA card, also known as One Regional Card for All, is a stored-value smart card system used for public transit fares in the Puget Sound region of Washington. The card is used by Sound Transit, local bus agencies, and Washington State Ferries.

History

Background and early systems

The Puget Sound region's public transit agencies have operated with separate fare systems since their inception in the 20th century. Although paper transfers were accepted between some systems, there was no regional fare payment system in place until the 1990s.

The University of Washington adopted plans for a monthly transit pass program, named "U-PASS", in March 1991, allowing unlimited rides on Metro Transit (now King County Metro) and Community Transit for a flat fee. The program was introduced to mitigate increased traffic congestion on the university's campus in Seattle and reduce demand at its parking lots, where fees were raised to fund the pass's subsidy. The program was rolled out to all students and faculty on September 30, 1991, and by the following year transit ridership on the campus increased from 21 percent to 33 percent.

PugetPass and ORCA

The Regional Transit Authority (later renamed Sound Transit) was established in 1993 to produce a regional transit plan for a future ballot measure in King, Pierce, and Snohomish counties. The agency propose an integrated, unified fare system as part of its 1995 and 1996 plans, the latter of which was approved by voters alongside regional rail and bus services. Sound Transit formed a regional fare coordination forum with King County Metro, Community Transit, Pierce Transit, and Everett Transit in 1998 to create a regional fare pass system that would eventually be replaced by a contactless smart card with passes and a stored-value purse.

The PugetPass, accepted by five agencies and sold in three versions based on subarea zones, was introduced on September 1, 1999. The pass system debuted ahead of the rollout of Sound Transit Express later that month.

Planning

• 2003-04-29: Central Puget Sound Regional Fare Coordination Project established, agreement signed by seven agencies (ST, KC Metro, CT, ET, PT, KT, WSF)
  • Metro is lead agency
• 2003: $43 million contract signed to ERG Transit Systems as vendor, anticipated to be operational in 2006
• 2006-08: ORCA branding announced, tests scheduled on select Sounder, bus and ferry routes
• 2006-12-22: Public beta test of ORCA begins
• 2007-01-31: ORCA public testing ends

Rollout

• 2009-04-20: Limited rollout of ORCA begins
• 2009-06: Sounder TVMs begin distributing ORCA cards
• 2009-06: Extensive rollout begins, including public outreach campaign
• 2009-07-18: Central Link service begins, with heavy ORCA integration
• 2010-01-01: ORCA replaces most paper transfers
• 2010-03-01: ORCA free period ends, $5 fee charged for new cards

ORCA 2

• Board documents

NextGen

• Scope
• Early 2022 rollout planned, end of service for "legacy" ORCA by late 2022
• More information (new website)

Features

• Mobile app (myORCA) and better website for managing account
• Mobile payment and contactless credit card compatibility
• Instant reloading
• More retail locations
• No fare capping

Features and usage

• Free passes to all public school students in Seattle and Tacoma
• Employer passes
• ORCA Lift program

Statistics

• 2019: 68 percent of transit trips used ORCA, $275 million in fare revenue
  • 65.1% total in 2019, with largest market use for Kitsap Transit (81.7%) and lowest for WSF (16.5%)
  • Net ORCA receipts: $251 million total in 2019

Products

• Design specifications for each version
  • 8 digits (old), 19 digits (new)

Design

• Commemorative and special editions: University Link (March 2016), Mariners (2018), Seattle Storm (2019), Swift Green Line (March 2019), Link 10th Anniversary (July 2019), Sounder 20th Anniversary (2020)
  • Special editions for ORCA2: three RapidRide cards (2023), Kitsap Transit 40th Anniversary (2023), Swift Orange Line (2024), East Link Starter Line (2024)

Technology

• Manufactured in China at a cost of $1.92 to $2.40 each

External links

• Official website

OneBusAway

Example: MTA Bus Time

OneBusAway is a passenger information system platform for public transit agencies with automatic vehicle location and tracking. The app was created in 2011 by University of Washington students Brian Ferris and Kari Watkins and was later acquired by Sound Transit in 2013.

Everett Transit

Everett Transit

Parent	City of Everett
Founded	1893 (1893) (as Everett City Lines)
Headquarters	3225 Cedar Street Everett, Washington
Locale	Everett, Washington, U.S.
Service type	Bus service, paratransit
Routes	10
Fleet	42 buses
Annual ridership	2,104,980 (2013)
Fuel type	Diesel, Electric battery
Director	Tom Hingson
Website	everetttransit.org

Everett Transit is the public transit agency of Everett, a city within the Seattle metropolitan area in the U.S. state of Washington. It operates local bus and paratransit service within the city and to neighboring Mukilteo, connecting with the rest of Snohomish County via Community Transit and Sound Transit.

The transit system was formed in 1893 as a private streetcar operator that was later owned by the Puget Sound International Railway and Power Company. The streetcar system was converted into a bus system in 1923 and renamed to Everett City Lines in 1939. The company was bought out by the city government in 1969 after a ballot measure to save the system.

History

The first transit service in Everett was a streetcar system that was conceived in 1892, prior to the city's incorporation. The Everett Land Company received several proposals for streetcar systems and awarded a construction contract to A. R. Whitney Jr. in December 1892 for a 7-mile (11 km) network. Delivery of the streetcars began the following month and construction commenced in March, traveling south from a smelter on Monte Cristo Avenue. The final rails were laid in late June, with the system reaching Lowell.

The streetcar system opened on July 3, 1893, with an inaugural ride from the city's elected leaders and prominent citizens. Following the financial panic, the Everett Land Company unsuccessfully attempted to sell the streetcar system to the city government in 1894, instead retaining ownership of the Everett Railway and Light Company.

• 1905: Acquired by Stone and Webster, operated by Puget Sound International Railway & Power (later Puget Sound Power & Light and later Puget Sound Energy)
• December 1910: Major strike
• 1910: Interurban to Seattle begins
• 1923: Buses replace streetcars
• 1939: SOld to Everett City Lines, subsidiary of National City Lines
• 1961: Everett Bus System takes over routes

Everett Transit

• 1969-11-04: Everett voters approve tax and fare increase to fund public bus service, allowing Everett to take over the Everett Bus System
• 1969-12-01: City of Everett officially takes over Everett Transit System; Everett City Council purchases 16 used buses
• 1971-04-16: Transit Director Tom Evans resigns over City Council rejection of fare-free bus system
• 1974: SNOTRAN countywide bus system rejected by Everett voters twice
• 1976: Snohomish County PTBA approved, excluding Everett; SCPTBA Public Transit (later renamed to Community Transit in 1979) begins operations
• 1979: 0.3 percent sales tax approved by voters; previous funded by a $1 per household monthly tax
• 1985 to 1989: Motorized trolleys used but scrapped over lack of increased ridership
• 1990s: Development of Downtown Everett Transit Center at Hewitt & Hoyt
• 1996: Sound Transit established, formed from partnership between King County Metro, Community Transit, Pierce Transit, and Everett Transit
• 1998: Referendum 49 approved, giving ET $4.5 million in new annual funding
• 1999: ET joins PugetPass
• 2002: Everett Station opens
• 2004: Sales tax increase
• 2007: Streetcar revival proposed for new waterfront and riverfront development
• 2018: First electric bus; planned to go half-fleet by 2022

CT merger

• Proposed since formation of SNOTRAN and PTBA
• 1988-11: CT Board votes to study a merger with ET and SNOTRAN
• 1990: SNOTRAN plan to merge CT & ET to save $350,000 per year in deadheading rejected by Everett City Council, called unnecessary by consultant
• 1994: Washington State House Rules Committee halts bill that passed House Transportation Committee allowing for a CT/ET merger, successful lobbying from Everett helped prevent merger
• 1996: CT reaffirms belief that they should absorb ET to ease transfers in Everett, resisted by Everett because of a fear of them subsidizing the rest of the county
• 2001: New logo and bus livery
• 2002-07: CT reduces Everett service, considered canceling all service within Everett and forcing transfer at city limits
• 2007-12-05: CT and ET agree to Swift partnership

Other resources

• 1984 Report
• 1994 Comprehensive Plan

Administration

• Operated by City of Everett Transportation Services
• Budget (2014): $22.6 million
• Employees: 150

Services

Fares

Fare Type	Adult	Youth	Reduced
Local	$1.00	$0.75	$0.25
Commuter	$2.00	$1.50	$1.00
As of January 1, 2013 Does not include Sound Transit fares or Community Transit fares

• 2013-01-01: Fares increase for all riders, ending free service for seniors/reduced

Bus routes

• 12 routes
• 4 circulator routes: 2 (South Everett), 4/5 (North Everett pair), 12 (Mall)
• Former service to Marysville on route 79

Route	Inbound terminus	Outbound terminus	Via	Weekend service	Notes
2	Mall Station	Mall Station	Southwest Everett, Mariner P&R	No	Unidirectional circulator
3	Everett Station	Casino Road & Airport Road	View Ridge, Casino Road	Yes	Peak-hour trips serve Boeing Everett Factory
4	College Station	College Station	Walnut Street, Everett Station, Downtown Everett, Colby Avenue	No	Circulator route running opposite direction of Route 5
5	Everett Station	Everett Station	Walnut Street, College Station, Colby Avenue, Downtown Everett	Yes	Circulator route running opposite direction of Route 4
6	Everett Station	Everett Marina	Marine View Drive, Naval Station Everett	No
7	College Station	Mall Station	Broadway, Everett Station, Evergreen Way, Everett Mall Way	Yes	Final southbound weekday trip serves West Casino Road
8	Everett Station	Airport Road & Evergreen Way	Broadway, Madison Street, Hardeson Road, Evergreen Way	Yes	Weekday trips serve Seaway Boulevard
12	Mall Station	Mall Station	Everett Mall Way, 100th Street SW, Casino Road	Yes	Unidirectional circulator; select weekday trips serve Boeing Everett Factory
17	Everett Station	Mall Station	Colby Avenue, Beverly Boulevard	Saturday only	Select trips serve Mobile Country Club via 84th Street
18	Everett Station	Mukilteo Ferry Terminal	Colby Avenue, Mukilteo Boulevard	No
29	College Station	Mall Station	Walnut Street, Everett Station, Broadway, South Everett Freeway Station	Yes	Select trips serve Valley View, Eastmont P&R and Silver Lake
70	Mukilteo Ferry Terminal	Boeing Everett Factory		No	Commuter express route

Facilities

• 3225 Cedar Street: Operations Center, Maintenance Center, Bus Lot
• 2911 California Avenue: North Operations Base (shared with Everett School District)

Bus stations

• Everett Station (opened on February 2, 2002)
• College Station (also called North Everett TC, opened in March 2008) - six bus bays, bus layover space, bicycle storage
  • Budget: $1.7 million
  • Funding partners: Sound Transit, Everett Transit
• Mall Station
  • Planned with Everett Mall expansion in 1998

Former facilities

• Hewitt & Hoyt/Everett Transit Center: Primary bus hub prior to the opening of Everett Station in 2002, also served by CT; now home to Everpark Garage

Fleet

• 42 buses (plan for all-electric)

Current Bus Fleet

As of December 31, 2013

Year	Manufacturer	Model	Fleet Numbers	Capacity	Fuel Type	Notes	Image
1994	Orion	Orion V	B0106–B0107	43	Diesel
1996	Orion	Orion V	B0108–B0111	43	Diesel
2001	Orion	Orion V	B0112–B0118	43	Diesel
2002	Orion	Orion V	B0119–B0122	43	Diesel
2006	Gillig	Low Floor	B0300–B0308	32	Diesel
2007	Gillig	Low Floor	B0200–B0203	38	Diesel
2009	Gillig	Low Floor	B0500–B0501	36	Diesel-electric hybrid
2012	Gillig	Low Floor	B0204–B0205	38	Diesel
2013	Gillig	Low Floor	B0503–B0509	36	Diesel-electric hybrid
2018	Proterra	Catalyst E2 Extended Range	B0700	31	Electric battery

External links

• Official website
• City of Everett Transportation Services

Public transportation in Seattle

Public transportation in Seattle is composed of a network of light rail lines, commuter rail services, streetcars, buses and ferries, provided by several different agencies overseen by Sound Transit.

Current services

Light rail

Main article: Link Light Rail

Streetcar

Main article: Seattle Streetcar Network

Commuter rail

Main article: Sounder commuter rail

Bus routes

Main articles: King County Metro, Sound Transit Express, and Community Transit

Ferries

Main articles: Washington State Ferries and King County Water Taxi

Monorail

Main article: Seattle Center Monorail

Private transportation

• Microsoft Connector shuttles
  • Began operating on September 24, 2007 with 5 routes; grew to 19 routes by 2009
  • Occupies Bay 2 at Overlake Transit Center
  • Operated by MV Transportation
• Port of Seattle Rental Car shuttle bus
• UW Health Science Express

History

Resources

• Metro Transit Milestones, 1850-2003 by decade

Template:Public transportation in Seattle

Replaces Template:Puget Sound Transit

Washington State Ferries

Washington State Ferries

Locale	Western Washington
Waterway	Puget Sound, Salish Sea
Transit type	Ferry
Owner	Washington State Department of Transportation
Operator	Washington State Department of Transportation
Began operation	June 1, 1951 (1951-06-01)
No. of lines	10
No. of vessels	24
No. of terminals	20
Daily ridership	63,544 (2014)
Website	wsdot.wa.gov/ferries

Washington State Ferries (WSF) is a government agency that operates automobile and passenger ferry service in the U.S. state of Washington as part of the Washington State Department of Transportation. It serves 20 terminals located on the Puget Sound and in the San Juan Islands, with its 10 routes designated as part of the state highway system since 1994. The agency maintains the largest fleet of ferries in the United States at 24 vessels, carrying 23 million passengers in 2014 as the fourth-largest ferry system in the world.

Washington State Ferries began operating on June 1, 1951, taking over private routes and vessels owned and operated by the Puget Sound Navigation Company, nicknamed the "Black Ball Line".

History

Earlier public ferries

• 1895: State legislature authorizes counties to build and operate ferries
• 1900–1922: King County Port Commission operates Lake Washington ferries, later privatized
• 1940–1950: Temporary ferry on Tacoma Narrows operated by Highways Department during construction of the second Tacoma Narrows Bridge

State-operated system

• 1940s: Various proposals for cross-Sound bridges to replace private ferries
• 1949-12-30: State announces their intention to purchase and operate Black Ball routes
• 1951-06-01: State officially begins operating former Black Ball routes in the Puget Sound, under the management of the Washington Toll Bridge Authority; $5 million paid for 16 ferryboats and 20 terminals
  • WSF flag: "The new flag is white with a green tree in the center, symbolizing the new name for the service, the Evergreen Route. Superimposed on the green tree is a white 'W,' for Washington. The flag has a narrow green border."; 600 employees transferred from Black Ball to WSF
  • Fleet of 19 ferries inherited, to be rehabilitated by the state
• 1954: MV Evergreen State launches as the first ferry built for WSF
• 1958-04-25: WSF and Toll Bridge Authority agree to continue the Black Ball tradition of naming vessels after Native American words
• 1959: Part of state gasoline tax revenue used to support ferries for the first time; ferries required to generate 60% of its operating expenses from fares
• 1961: Colman Dock renovation completed by WSF
• 1966-02-21: Kalakala rams Colman Dock, causing $80,000 in damage
• 1967: Super Class ferries introduced to fleet
• 1972: Jumbo Class ferries introduced to fleet, becoming the largest ferries by capacity in the world
• 1974: 1970s energy crisis forces ferries to run at reduced speed and power during midday operation
• 1974-06-06: State takes over Port Townsend–Keystone run, previously a private operation
• 1977-09-22: Toll Bridge Authority absorbed into newly-created WSDOT

Resources

• WSDOT Timeline
• Secretary of State - Guide to the Records of Washington State Ferries

Routes

Washington State Ferries runs 450 departures per day on 10 routes that travel between 20 terminals located on the Puget Sound and in the San Juan Islands. Effective June 9, 1994, these routes were included in the state highway system as extensions of existing state routes, with the exception of the newly-created State Route 339 between Vashon Island and Seattle.

Terminals

• Edmonds and Mukilteo are adjacent to Sounder commuter rail stations

Current routes

Designation	Southern / western terminal	Other terminal(s)	Northern / eastern terminal	Began operation	Total ridership (2014)
SR 20	Port Townsend		Coupeville	June 6, 1974	723,045
SR 20 Spur	Sidney, British Columbia	Friday Harbor, Orcas Island, Shaw Island, Lopez Island	Anacortes	June 1, 1951	2,051,155
SR 104	Kingston		Edmonds	June 1, 1951	4,002,767
SR 160	Southworth	Vashon Island	Fauntleroy	June 1, 1951	2,918,885
SR 163	Point Defiance		Tahlequah	June 1, 1951	704,736
SR 304	Bremerton		Colman Dock, Seattle	June 1, 1951	2,522,616
SR 305	Bainbridge Island		Colman Dock, Seattle	June 1, 1951	6,320,820
SR 525	Mukilteo		Clinton	June 1, 1951	3,949,636

Former routes

Southern / western terminal	Other terminal(s)	Northern / eastern terminal	Began operation	Ceased operation	Notes
Vashon Island		Colman Dock, Seattle	June 1, 1951	2006	Passenger-only ferry, replaced by King County Water Taxi; designated as SR 339
South Point		Lofall	June 1, 1951	August 12, 1961	Replaced by Hood Canal Bridge
South Point		Lofall	February 5, 1963		Temporary ferry during Hood Canal Bridge reconstruction
South Point		Lofall	February 26, 1979		Temporary passenger-only ferry during Hood Canal Bridge reconstruction
South Point		Lofall	December 10, 1979	October 17, 1982	Temporary ferry during Hood Canal Bridge reconstruction
Squamish	Indianola	Colman Dock, Seattle	June 1, 1951	September 28, 1951	Replaced by toll-free Agate Pass Bridge
Port Townsend		Edmonds	February 21, 1979	February 11, 1980	Temporary ferry during Hood Canal Bridge reconstruction
Bremerton		Colman Dock, Seattle	April 23, 1990	September 20, 2003	Passenger-only ferry, replaced by automobile ferry

Operation

• 1,800 employees (as of February 2014)
• 10 unions and 13 CBAs (2013 to 2015)
• Officially named the "WSDOT Ferries Division", authorized to operate under the name "Washington State Ferries" by RCW 47.60.015

Ridership

• Total ridership (2014): 23,193,660
  • Total passenger ridership: 12,967,117
  • Total vehicles carried: 10,226,543
• "Most popular tourist attraction in the state"
• Busiest route (2014): Bainbridge Island–Seattle, 6,320,820
• Third largest transit system in the state, after KC Metro and Sound Transit

Fares

See also: ORCA card

Fleet

Statistics

• 24 vessels
• Largest: Jumbo Mark II class (Puyallup, Tacoma, Wenatchee) (2,500 passengers and 202 vehicles)
• Smallest: MV Hiyu (200 passengers and 34 vehicles)
• Livery: White with green trim

Naming

• Native American names, adopted in 1958 as a continuation of Black Ball's tradition
• Washington State Transportation Commission selects names based on set guidelines; all but two names (Rhodedendron and Evergreen State) are Native American

Current vessels

As of 2011

Vessel	Class	Year built (Rebuilt)	Auto capacity	Passenger capacity	Speed (knots)	Notes
MV Cathlamet	Issaquah 130	1981 (1993)	124	1200	16	Auto capacity increased in 1993.

External links

• Official website

Link Transit

History

Timeline

• 1988-10: Wenatchee Downtown Association brings together political and business leaders to discuss a possible public transit service for the area
• 1989-03-14: Special Transit Conference held; elected officials passed a resolution in support of a two-county transit system
• 1989-11-21: PTBA forms, under RCW Chapter 36.57A, encompassing the entirety of Chelan County, as well as the Eastmont and Waterville school districts in Douglas County
• 1990-09-18: PTBA sales tax approved by 54 percent of voters, funding the "Chelan Douglas Public Transportation System"; 0.4% local sales tax, 63% match from MVET
• 1991-06: "LINK" name and logo approved
• 1991-12-16: First day of service; ridership at 1,700
• 1992-12: First year of service ends with over 1 million rides in first year, carrying over 3,600 people daily on 19 routes
• 1995-03: Orondo SD annexed into PTBA
• 2000-02: Free fares end because of the loss of MVET revenue after I-595; initial fare is 50 cents
• 2000-05: Board of Directors update branding to "Link Transit"

Administration

• Administered by Chelan Douglas Public Transportation Benefit Area
  • Area: 3,500 square miles (9,100 km²) (largest in Washington state)
  • Population (2013): 107,501
  • Sales tax rate: 0.004%
• Budget (2014): $10.7 million
• Employees: 119

Board of Directors (13 members)

• Two Chelan County commissioners
• Two Douglas County commissioners
• One city council member or mayor from member cities (Cashmere, Chelan, East Wenatchee, Entiat, Leavenworth, Rock Island, Watervilla and Wenatchee)
• One representative from Teamsters Local #760

Other services

• Vanpool
  • Restored in 2005
• LinkPlus: paratransit service
  • $1.50 one-zone, $3.00 two-zone; $15 punchcards

Fares and passes

Fare Type	Regular	Reduced
Fixed Route (1 Zone)	$1.00	$0.50
Fixed Route (2 Zone)	$2.50	$1.20
Trolley	Free
As of July 1, 2013

• Reduced fare available for seniors above age 65
• Ages 12 and under are free when accompanied by fare-paying adult (up to 4 per adult)
• Rolls of bus fare tokens available for purchase
• Wenatchee Valley College students can ride for no charge with valid student ID and Link Transit sticker for the quarter

Zones

• Zone A: Wenatchee, East Wenatchee, Olds Station, Cashmere, Monitor, Malaga, Rock Island, Entiat

Passes

• Day Pass: $2 one-zone / $5 two-zone; replaced paper transfers
• Monthly Pass (Adult): $30 one-zone / $70 two-zone
• Monthly Pass (Reduced): $22.50 / $52.50
• Monthly Pass (Student, ages 12 to 21): $15 with proof of enrollment
• Student Freedom Pass (ages 12 to 21, unlimited use for one year): $120 (decreases further in the year), partially refunded to school; available at select high schools
• Purchasable at Columbia Station and select grocery stores

Facilities

• Columbia Station (Amtrak; 67 spaces)
• Olds Station Park & Ride (200 spaces)
• Leavenworth Park & Ride (42 spaces)
• Biy Y Park & Ride (32 spaces)
• Entiat Park & Ride (21 spaces)
• Lake Chelan Park & Ride (29 spaces)
• Wenatchee Valley Mall Transit Center
• Valley North Transit Center
• Maintenance & Operations Base: 36,700 sq ft base in the Olds Station industrial park of Wenatchee

Seattle Transit System

Seattle Transit System

Commenced operation	1939 (1939)
Ceased operation	January 1, 1973 (1973-01-01) Replaced by Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle
Locale	Seattle, Washington

The Seattle Transit System was a public transit system in Seattle, Washington that operated from 1939 to 1973. The bus system replaced an earlier streetcar network and was operated by the Seattle Transit Commission until 1970, when it was reorganized into a city department. Effective January 1, 1973, it was absorbed by King County Metro, a former waste treatment agency that was given authorization to operate transit service.

History

Resources

• MEHVA: 60 Years (Part 2)
• From Rails to Rubber
• Routes by W. Crowley

Origins

Main article: Seattle Municipal Street Railway

• 1937: Streetcar referendum rejects Beeler Plan
• 1939-05: Seattle Transportation Commission created to operate municipal transit; $10 million loan from RFC for streetcar debt and conversion to trackless trolleys
• 1939-08: STC takes over municipal transit
• 1940: Cable cars and streetcars shut down
• 1941: Final streetcar

Beginnings and expansion

• 1939-12: "Seattle Transit System" adopted as new name, Madison cable car to be first converted to trackless trolley
• 5-cent fare requested
• Trackless trolleys proposed to Mercer Island on new floating toll bridge
• 1944: Peak of 130 million passengers during war-time gas/tire rationing
• 1951: STC reorganized as Seattle Transit Commission
• August 1, 1959: Bus service begins north of 85th Street (areas recently or not yet annexed)

Conversion to diesel buses

• 1963: Some trolley routes converted
• 1967: State legislature considers repeal of state permission requirement for out-of-city service

Decline

• 1970: Reorganization into city department
• 1970: Blue Streak (Northgate 41) launched

Merger and replacement with Metro

• 1956: Metro fails to gain transit/planning authority
• 1972: Metro authorized to run transit service by referendum, using county-wide sales tax
  • COMET vote
• 1973-01-01: Metro takes over Seattle Transit and Metropolitan Transit System routes
• 1978: Trolley system refresh
• 1990s: Reorganized into King County government, ST formed

Legacy

• Preserved fleet

Services

List of routes

See also: Trolleybuses in Seattle

• Chicago list

• Trolleybus routes
• Blue Streak
• Flyer Routes
• Snohomish County services transferred to Metro

Facilities

See also: List of King County Metro facilities

• Garages

Historic fleet

See also: King County Metro fleet

Incidents

Union actions

• January 1946
• November 1956: 2-week strike from ATU

Metropolitan Transit Corporation

Metropolitan Transit Corporation

Commenced operation	1927 (1927)
Ceased operation	January 1, 1973 (1973-01-01) Replaced by Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle
Locale	King County, Washington

The Metropolitan Transit Corporation, also known as the Overlake Transit System, was a commuter bus operator in the Seattle metropolitan area from 1927 to 1973.

History

• 1927: Overlake founded by Charles Claringbould
• 1927: Roanoke–Beaux Arts buses begin operating
• 1928: Suburban Transit System created
• 1936: Overlake extends service to Medina, Bellevue, Issaquah
• 1940: Overlake awarded unlimited franchise for Eastside access to new floating bridge
• 1962: Overlake acquires Suburban and Lake Shore Lines
• 1964-02: 33-day strike of 100 drivers and mechanics shuts down service
• 1964-04-01: Overlake consolidates four operators into Metropolitan Transit
• 1964: Overlake acquires Everett, Tacoma, Auburn and Kent routes from Greyhound
• Low ridership and possible bankruptcy

Merger into Metro

• 1970: Merger with Seattle Transit proposed as part of Forward Thrust
• 1973-01-01: Metro Transit takes over service
  • Metro purchases company for $1.2 million
• MEHVA preservation of 1959 GM bus

Hollywood/Vine station

Hollywood/Vine
General information
Location	6250 Hollywood Boulevard Los Angeles, California, US
Owned by	Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority
Line(s)	B Line
Platforms	1 island platform
Tracks	2
Construction
Structure type	Underground
Parking	60 spaces
Accessible	Yes
History
Opened	June 12, 1999 (1999-06-12)
Services
Preceding station Metro Rail Following station Hollywood/​Highland toward North Hollywood B Line Hollywood/​Western toward Union Station

Hollywood/Vine is a subway station in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, US, located under the intersection of Hollywood Boulevard and Vine Street. It is on the Red Line of the Los Angeles Metro Rail system and is also served by Metro's local and rapid bus services.

Location

Landmarks

• Pantages
• Capitol Records
• Walk of Fame
• CBS Columbia Square

TOD

• W Hotel
• 1600 Vine

History

• 1980s: Red Line corridor moved from Wilshire/Crenshaw to Hollywood and Vermont
• 1990 schedule

Hollywood/Vine opened on June 12, 1999, as the western terminus of the northern branch of the Red Line. Upon the opening of the westward extension to North Hollywood in 2000, it lost its title as the end of the line.

Station layout

G	Street level	Exit/Entrance
B1	Mezzanine	Faregates, ticket vending machines, to Exits/Entrances
B2	Northbound	←  B Line toward North Hollywood (Hollywood/Highland)
	Island platform, doors will open on the left
	Southbound	→  B Line toward Union Station (Hollywood/Western) →

Like most stations on the Metro, Hollywood/Vine uses an island platform setup with two tracks. There is an entrance to the east of the intersection at Argyle Avenue.

Art and architecture

• Firm: Morales Associates

Local Chicano artist Gilbert "Magú" Luján was selected to design the Hollywood/Vine station. "Light" was one of the central themes of the station because of its pervasiveness in Hollywood, from stars to light that passes through projectors to show films to the sun in sunny southern California. Cultural motifs in the form of So Cal cultural icons are also prevalent throughout the myriad of ceramic tiles lining the walls of the corridors as passengers descend into the railway tunnel. Benches for waiting passengers were fashioned as classic car lowriders on pedestals.

The station has, perhaps, the most detail and decorations of any station in the entire Metro system. This station is among the most pleasant and "fun" stations and tourists may find this station the most enjoyable. Other features include two movie projectors donated by Paramount Pictures pointed towards a representation of a movie screen flanked by large curtains. The ceiling of the station is covered with empty film reels. Pillars that provide support for the station are designed to look like palm trees, and beneath the handrail of the stairs are musical notes for the famed song "Hooray for Hollywood." Passengers making their way to the street follow the "Yellow Brick Road" while passing many colored tiles that depict icons or represent southern California lifestyle.

Service

Metro buses

• Metro Local: 180, 181, 210, 212, 217, 222
• Metro Rapid: 780

Other buses

• FlyAway Bus (hourly service to LAX)
• LADOT DASH: Beachwood Canyon, Hollywood, Hollywood/Wilshire
• BoltBus (to Oakland via San Jose and San Francisco)

Wilshire/Normandie station

Wilshire/Normandie
General information
Location	3510 Wilshire Boulevard Los Angeles, California, US
Owned by	Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority
Line(s)	D Line
Platforms	1 island platform
Tracks	2
Construction
Accessible	Yes
History
Opened	July 13, 1996 (1996-07-13)
Services
Preceding station Metro Rail Following station Wilshire/Western Terminus D Line Wilshire/​Vermont toward Union Station

Wilshire/Normandie is a subway station in Los Angeles, California, US, located in the Mid-Wilshire/Koreatown neighborhood at Wilshire Boulevard and Normandie Avenue. It is on the Purple Line of the Los Angeles Metro Rail system, which runs under Wilshire Boulevard towards Downtown Los Angeles.

Location

• Mid-Wilshire financial district
• Metroplex complex

History

• 1996-07-13: Opened as part of Purple Line extension from Westlake to Western

Station layout

G	Street level	Exit/Entrance
B1	Mezzanine	Faregates, ticket machines, to Exits/Entrances
B2	Westbound	←  D Linetoward Wilshire/Western (Terminus)
	Island platform, doors will open on the left
	Eastbound	→  D Linetoward Union Station (Wilshire/Vermont) →

Art

• Festival of Masks
• Sparrow Lane

Service

Rail

• 5 am to 12:45 am

Wilshire/Normandie is one of only two subway stations in the system not served by the Red Line.

Buses

• Metro Local: 18, 20, 206
• Metro Rapid: 720

Sound Move (1996)

Sound Move

November 5, 1996 (1996-11-05)
Regional Transit Authority (RTA) Proposition 1: Regional Transit System
Results
Choice Votes % Yes 526,671 56.45% No 406,238 43.55% Valid votes 932,909 100.00% Invalid or blank votes 0 0.00% Total votes 932,909 100.00%

Sound Move, officially Regional Transit Authority (RTA) Proposition 1: Regional Transit System and retroactively known as Sound Transit 1 (ST1), was a ballot measure on the November 5, 1996 election in the Seattle metropolitan area of Washington, proposing the establishment of a regional mass transit system. The measure was proposed by the Central Puget Sound Regional Transit Authority (RTA) a year after an unsuccessful vote on a $6.9 billion plan. The ten-year Sound Move plan was a smaller, $3.9 billion proposal that would build light rail, commuter rail and express bus service across the region.

The plan included 81 miles (130 km) of commuter rail on existing freight tracks from Everett to Lakewood; 25 miles (40 km) of light rail from the University District and Downtown Seattle to Seattle–Tacoma International Airport, and from the Tacoma Dome to Downtown Tacoma; and 20 express bus routes using the region's high-occupancy vehicle lane system. The $3.9 billion cost was funded by a 0.4 percent local sales tax and a 0.3 percent motor excise vehicle tax.

Sound Move was approved by 56 percent of voters during the election, allowing the RTA, later renamed to Sound Transit, to begin planning and construction of a regional transit system. The last part of the Sound Move plan to be built was opened in 2016, twenty years after the vote; the light rail portion of the plan cost a total of $4.95 billion (86 percent over the 1996 budget).

Background

The construction of a rapid transit system for Seattle has been proposed in various forms since the turn of the 20th century, during periods of rapid growth for the city and region. In 1911, civil engineer Virgil Bogue and the Seattle Planning Commission proposed a 60-mile (97 km) rail system with subways and elevated railways across the then-smaller city of Seattle. The plan was put to a public vote on March 5, 1912, where it was defeated by a 2-to-1 margin. While Bogue's vision largely did not materialize, the idea of a rapid transit system influenced later plans for the city.

• Forward Thrust
• 1988: Advisory referendum in King County
  • PSRC plan: Federal Way to Lynnwood; Redmond to Seattle
• 1993 JRPC plan
  • $9.3 billion plan originally planned to be on November 1993 ballot, later delayed to "after 1994 session"
• 1993: RTA formed
• 1995 RTA vote

History

• 1996-05-31: RTA Board votes 15-2 to send plan to voters (2 dissents would later try to submit a "no confidence" motion in September)

Resources

• Modern Transit

Political support

Supporters

• Boeing and its CEO
• Corporate leaders (credited with delivering win)
• Seattle Chamber of Commerce

Opponents

• Citizens Opposed to Sitting in Traffic (COST)

Results

• Simple majority

Totals

Regional Transit Authority (RTA) Proposition 1, November 5, 1996

Choice	Votes	%
Yes	526,671	56.45
No	406,238	43.55
Total votes	932,909	100.00
Source: Secretary of State

By area

County	Yes votes	No votes	Yes (%)	No (%)	Total votes
King	364,588	255,654	58.78	41.22	620,242
Pierce	91,798	91,614	50.05	49.95	183,412
Snohomish	70,285	58,970	54.38	45.62	129,255
Total	526,671	406,238	56.45	43.55	932,909

Implementation

• 1998: "First Moves" program funds additional trips to Tacoma and Bellevue; starts park-and-ride construction at Ash Way and Overlake
• 1999: ST Express
• 2001 meltdown
  • State Senate attempts revote
• 2001/2003: Sounder
• 2009: Central Link
• 2016: University Link
• 86 percent overbudget

See also

• Sound Transit 2 (2008)
• Sound Transit 3 (2016)

Sound Transit 2 (2008)

Pro

• Mass Transit Now (official campaign)
• Transportation Choices Coalition, Sierra Club, Cascade Bicycle Club

Against

• No to Prop 1
• Executive Ron Sims, favoring buses over rail
• Less spending on both sides due to 2007 effects, weak state leadership

Honolulu rail stations

• Hawaiian names (Ewa side; Kalopei to Aloha Stadium)
  • Pearlridge was changed from Pu'uloa to Kalauao
  • Other stations to be announced by end of 2018
• GIS data

Style

• MOS:HAWAII: Never replace the ʻokina with a straight apostrophe
• Hawaiian names are primary?

Structure

• Description
  • Location
  • Hawaiian name (if applicable)
• History
• Station layout/design with diagram
• Service
  • Travel time to/from termini and airport?

Stations

• Kualaka'i (East Kapolei)
• Keone'ae (UH West Oahu)
• Honouliuli (Ho'opili)
• Hō'ae'ae (West Loch)
• Pouhala (Waipahu Transit Center)
• Hālaulani (Leeward Community College)
• Waiawa (Pearl Highlands)
• Kalauao (Pearlridge Center)
• Hālawa (Aloha Stadium)
• Pearl Harbor Naval Base
• Honolulu International Airport
• Lagoon Drive
• Middle Street Transit Center
• Kalihi
• Kapalama
• Iwilei
• Chinatown
• Downtown
• Civic Center
• Kakaʻako
• Ala Moana Center

Park and rides

Kualaka'i, Keone'ae, Waiawa, and Hālawa (per [1])

History

• 1973 proposal

List of stations

List of Honolulu Rail Transit stations

The Honolulu Rail Transit system in Honolulu, Hawaii, US, is planned to include 21 stations on 20 miles (32 km) of track. The stations will include names in English and Hawaiian to reflect the culture and history of the Hawaiian people.

Hālawa station

Location

Hālawa station will be located on the east side of the Kamehameha Highway at its intersection with Salt Lake Boulevard. To the northeast of the station is Aloha Stadium.

• "Serving the Aloha Stadium, Aiea, Salt Lake, Moanalua, and outlying residential areas."
• Pearl Harbor memorials

History

• 1973 H-3 plan: Halawa to Kailua to replace H-3
• 2016: Guideway construction begins
• 2017: Named Halawa

Station layout

Hālawa station will be elevated.

• 600-space park and ride
• Bus station below
• Artwork on columns, depicting Makahiki festival

Targhee Regional Public Transit Authority

Targhee Regional Public Transit Authority

Founded	1994
Ceased operation	May 1, 2019 (2019-05-01)
Headquarters	Idaho Falls, Idaho
Service area	Bonneville County, Idaho
Service type	Bus service, paratransit
Website	trpta.org

The Targhee Regional Public Transit Authority was a public transit operator in Bonneville County, Idaho, including the city of Idaho Falls, that operated bus services from 1994 to 2019.

History

• Founded in 1994 and contracted service until July 1, 2002; inherited CART in 2006
• 2014: Alliance with other agencies in cross-state region for potential routes to Wyoming destinations
• Ceased service on May 1, 2019
  • Original announcement on April 22 following FTA audit expressed concerns about accounting errors

Idaho transit

• Twin Falls, 2018 ballot measure (newspaper series)

Jarrett Walker

Jarrett Walker
Born	1962 (age 61–62)
Alma mater	Pomona College (BA) Stanford University (Ph.D.)
Occupation(s)	Transit consultant and author
Years active	1991–present
Organization	Jarrett Walker + Associates
Notable work	Human Transit

Jarrett Walker (born 1962) is an American author and transit consultant. He founded his consultancy firm, Jarrett Walker + Associates, in 2011 and has worked on redesigns for transit systems in numerous cities in North America and Oceania. Walker released a book on transit design, entitled Human Transit, in 2011, and has also authored a blog of the same name since then.

Early life and education

Walker was raised in Portland, Oregon, where he became interested in transit issues while using the TriMet bus system.

• Undergraduate program with TriMet

Career

• Nelson Nygaard, TransLink, McCormick, MRCagney
• Major redesigns: Houston, Columbus, Richmond, Salem
  • Philadelphia (2017)?
  • Dublin (2018) generated controversy

Walker gained a significant amount of media attention as a result of a dispute he had with Elon Musk. In December 2017, Musk expressed his disdain for public transit and reiterated his preference for individual transportation in response to an audience question during the Neural Information Processing Systems Conference. Walker criticized him on Twitter, stating that "Musk's hatred of sharing space with strangers is a luxury (or pathology) that only the rich can afford," referring to the theory that planning a city around the preferences of a minority yields an outcome that usually does not work for the majority. Musk responded with "You're an idiot," later saying "Sorry [...] Meant to say 'sanctimonious idiot.'" This dispute led to a broader debate about Musk's opinions on transit, including during a segment on Fox Business Network in which Walker spoke with Stuart Varney, and prompted an outpouring of people sharing their stories of the connections and community formed on transit, using the hashtag #GreatThingsThatHappenedonTransit.

Bibliography

• Walker, Jarrett (2011). Human Transit: How Clearer Thinking About Public Transit Can Enrich Our Communities and Our Lives. Island Press. ISBN 9781597269728. OCLC 1023266302.

External links

• Human Transit blog