Group-serving bias is identical to self-serving bias except that it takes place between groups rather than individuals, under which group members make dispositional attributions for their group's successes and situational attributions for group failures, and vice versa for outsider groups.
Group-serving bias and Cultural differences
editLeung et al.[1] conducted an experiment to compare the reward allocation biases of Americans and Chinese in different group outcome conditions. The first, participants' Need for Cognitive Closure (NFCC) were measured with the 42-item NFCC scale. Next, participants performed the reward allocation task. The result demonstrated that both high NFCC Americans and Chinese showed the culturally typical allocation bias in success experience. They concluded that Chinese are more likely to show the group-serving bias which means they are rewarding the group more than the group deserve. Also, Americans are to give extra credit to the self, because the self is regarded as a more powerful causal entity in American contexts. The differences between Western and Eastern culture on attributing group-serving bias were also explained by individualism and collectivism. Heine and Lehman[2] demonstrated that North Americans are better able to achieve the cultural ideals associated with independence and individualism by viewing themselves positively. An opposite view, Japanese culture encourages individual to keep a self-critical view of themselves which means collectivistic society require individual to satisfy others instead of themselves. Taylor and Jaggi[3] have showed the clearest example of the operation of a group-serving bias. The study found that South Asians who believe Hindu made internal attributions for in-group members when they perform desirable acts, and external attributions for undesirable acts. However, when Hindus see Muslims performing the same acts, their thinking were reversed. Also, Taylor and Doria[4] found the significant evidence for a group-serving bias. The Group-serving attributions reflect social desirability in responding to the questionnaires, because group's image is an important for understanding the social norm[5].
References
edit- ^ Leung, Angela K (8). "Cultural Construction of Success and Epistemic Motives Moderate American-Chinese Differences in Reward Allocation Biases". Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 43 (1): 46–52. doi:10.1177/0022022111405660.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=and|year=/|date=mismatch (help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ^ Heine, Steven J. (June 1997). "The cultural construction of self-enhancement: An examination of group-serving biases". Journal of Personality and Social Psycholgoy. 6. 72 (6): 1268–1283. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.72.6.1268. PMID 9177019.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Taylor, D. M. (1974). "Ethonocentrism in a South Indian context". Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology. 5: 162–172. doi:10.1177/002202217400500202.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Taylor, Donald M. (1981). "Self-serving and Group-serving bias in attribution". The Journal of Social Psychology. 113 (2): 201–211. doi:10.1080/00224545.1981.9924371.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Taylor, Donald M. (1981). "Self-serving and Group-serving bias in attribution". The Journal of Social Psychology. 113 (2): 201–211. doi:10.1080/00224545.1981.9924371.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help)