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The influences of socialism and socialist movements in Pakistan have taken many different forms as a counterpart to political conservatism, being shaped by several cultural, political, and social influences. Marked by the rise of leftist movements in the 20th century and being affected by Soviet intervention and the subsequent civil war, socialism has played a pivotal role in the country's struggles for modernization and identity, affecting the nation's political landscape and shaping the aspirations of its people.
While capitalism, and following the 2021 Taliban offensive, jihadism, has been dominant in Afghan politics, the prevalence of the socialist ideology has nevertheless continued to be found in a number of instances in Afghanistan's political past and prominent personalities. Much of the remaining socialism in Afghanistan today accedes to the idea of the Islamic left (socialism and communism), where the state would be run in a socialist set-up consistent with Islamic political principles, while other proponents demand pure socialism.