Advanced (JEE-Advanced), formerly the Indian Institutes of Technology-Joint Entrance Examination (IIT-JEE), is an academic examination held annually in India. It is conducted by one of the seven zonal IITs (IIT Roorkee, IIT Kharagpur, IIT Delhi, IIT Kanpur, IIT Bombay, IIT Madras, and IIT Guwahati) under the guidance of the Joint Admission Board (JAB). It is the sole prerequisite for admission to the Indian Institutes of Technology. Other universities—such as the Indian Institute of Petroleum and Energy (IIPE), the Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISERs), and the Indian Institute of Science—use the score obtained on the JEE-Advanced exam as the basis for admission. The examination is organized each year by one of the IITs, on a round-robin rotation pattern. It has a very low qualification rate (about 9,369 in 479,651 in 2012; ~1.95%)[2] The qualification rate of the JEE-Advanced in 2017 was approximately 0.92% (about 11,000 out of 1,200,000 who applied for JEE Main).[3]
In 2013 the examination initially called the IIT-JEE was renamed to JEE (Advanced), and the AIEEE was renamed JEE (Main).[4] From 2017, IIT began conducting the JEE internationally to allow the admission of foreign students.
History
The first institute of IIT, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, started in 1951. In its initial years (1951-1954), students were admitted based on their academic results, followed by an interview in several locations across the country. From 1955–1959, admissions for the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur were conducted via a national examination. Academic disciplines were allotted to the students via interviews and counselling sessions held at Kharagpur.[citation needed]
The IIT-JEE, initially called the Common Entrance Exam (CEE), was first conducted in 1961, coinciding with the 1961 IIT Act.
In 1978, the English paper was not considered when ranking participants' performance in the examination. In 1998, the English test was discontinued.
In 1997, the IIT-JEE was conducted twice after the question paper was leaked in some locations.
Between 2000 and 2005, an additional screening test was used alongside the main examination, intended to reduce pressure on the main examination by allowing only about 20,000 top candidates to appear for the examination, out of more than 450,000 applicants.
From 2002, an additional exam called the AIEEE was introduced, and it was used for admissions to institutions other than the IIT. In 2012, the AIEEE was changed to JEE (Main), and IIT-JEE was renamed JEE (Advanced); the JEE (Main) had become the screening exam for JEE (Advanced).
From June 2005, The Hindu newspaper led a campaign for reforming the IIT-JEE to eradicate the "coaching mania" and to improve gender and socio-economic diversity.[7][8][9] Two possible solutions were proposed - either a convergence between the screening test and the All India Engineering Entrance Examination (AIEEE), or a two-tier examination. Whereas ranks from the first tier can be used to gain admission to the NIT and other engineering colleges in the country.
In September 2005, the group of directors of all the IITs announced significant revisions to the examination. These were implemented from 2006 onward.[10] The revised examination consisted of a single objective test, replacing the earlier two-test system. In the revised examination, to be eligible for the main examination, candidates in the general category had to obtain at least 60% aggregate marks in the 12th-grade examinations organized by various educational boards of India, while candidates belonging to Scheduled Caste (SC), Scheduled Tribe (ST), and Persons With Disabilities (PwD) categories needed a minimum score of 55%.
From 2006, the screening exam was abolished with the introduction of a single-stage multiple-choice exam that started in 2006. In 2008, the director and the dean of IIT Madras proposed further revisions to the examination, arguing that the coaching institutes were "enabling many among the less-than-best students to crack the test and keeping girls from qualifying". They expressed concern that the present system did not allow for applicants' 12 years of schooling to have a bearing on admissions into IIT.
In 2008, the Indian Institutes of Technology began offering their admission tests in Dubai.[12] Annually, the number of candidates for the examination in Dubai varies between 200 and 220.
The two-tier reform suggested in 2005 may become a reality as the Indian government has announced plans for a single entrance exam for all engineering colleges from 2018, with students aspiring for the IITs having to pass the nationwide standard entrance test (JEE-Main) with high marks and then take the JEE-Advanced to qualify for the IITs.[14] In 2018, the JEE (Advanced) exam started being conducted online.
Eligibility
The eligibility criteria for taking the JEE (Advanced) exam are:
Candidates should rank among the top candidates in Paper-1 of JEE (Main), broken down per category. For example, for JEE (Advanced) 2019, the top 250,000 were eligible, but only 46.5% of those were open for all, the rest being reserved for special categories. Candidates should be less than 25 years of age, with five-year relaxation for SC, ST, and PwD candidates. Candidates can attempt examination at most two times in two consecutive years. Candidates should have qualified the Class XII Board Examination (or equivalent) in the previous year. Candidates should not have accepted admission in any of the IIT earlier. In addition, candidates are required to either be within the category-wise top 20th percentile of successful candidates in the Class XII Board Examination or secure a 75% mark (65% for SC (scheduled castes), ST (scheduled tribes) and PWD (people with disabilities)).