The Bat Cave guano mine, located in the western Grand Canyon of Arizona at river mile 266, 800 ft. above Lake Mead, was an unusual, expensive and noteworthy mining operation. The cave was apparently discovered in the 1930s by a passing boater. After several unsuccessful attempts to mine the nitrogen-rich guano for fertilizer, the U.S. Guano Corporation bought the property circa 1957. Based an a reputable mining engineer's estimate that the cave contained 100,000 tons of guano, the company constructed an elaborate plant to extract the guano. A small airstrip was built on a nearby sandbar in the Colorado River, and all supplies and machinery needed were then flown in. An aerial tramway was built from the mine to "Guano Point" on the South Rim, with the cable headhouse built on land leased from the Hualapai tribe. The cableway crossed the river, with a main span of 7,500 ft., and a vertical lift of 2500 ft. About 6 miles (30,000 ft) of 1.5 inch cable were used, to support and pull a cable car large enough to transport 2500 lbs. of guano. The same car was used to transport the miners to and from work. The guano was mined using a large industrial "vacuum-cleaner" with ten-inch hoses. From the cablehead, the guano was hauled by truck to Kingman, Arizona and packaged for retail sale.
During construction of the cableway, which took 14 months, the first of several mishaps occurred. When first tensioning the main cable, a clutch-lever broke, dropping 9,850 ft. of cable into the canyon. A new cable was ordered and strung, and mining began. The 20,000 ft. pull-cable wore out after a few months use and had to be replaced, bringing the company's total investment up to $US 3,500,000.
Unfortunately, the mining engineer's estimate of the potential size of the guano deposit proved wildly optimistic: the cave contained only about 1,000 tons of minable guano, not the 100,000 tons of the engineer's estimate. Most of the cave was filled with valueless limestone rubble. Mining ceased in early 1960. Guano sold for about $100 a ton then [1], so this was not a profitable venture.
A few months later, a US Air Force jet, illegally "hot-dogging" down the canyon, clipped the cable, damaging the plane's wing and severing the cable. The plane survived, and U.S. Guano successfully sued the Air Force for damaging their property, offsetting some of their losses.
In 1975 the abandoned mine became part of Grand Canyon National Park. The National Park Service later proposed removing the tramway remnants within the park, but there was public protest against demolition of these interesting historic relics. As of 2007, some remnants of the old operation remain at Bat Cave [2], and on the South Rim in the Hualapai Indian Reservation.
Guano Point is still a popular stop for air tours from Las Vegas, Nevada [3]. Tourists can inspect the remnants of the old mining operation. Tour operators pay use fees to the Hualapai tribe, and the tribe offers a barbecue lunch near the old tramway headhouse, as part of their Grand Canyon West business venture.
References
editThe primary source of this article is the "Bat Cave" article in Billingsley et al., 1997, Quest for the Pillar of Gold: The Mines and Miners of the Grand Canyon, Grand Canyon Association, ISBN 0938216562. This book is available online; the Bat Cave article may be found in http://www.grandcanyon.org/booksmore/epubs/pillar/pdfs/chapter3_part1.pdf and http://www.grandcanyon.org/booksmore/epubs/pillar/pdfs/chapter3_part2.pdf
- ^ High Wire, construction of the tramway, by a former employee of the contractor
- ^ http://www.riverlakes.com/grand2.htm
- ^ http://www.papillon.com/popris/show_article.aspx?article_id=122&lang=en-US
External links
edit- Historical sketch, largely from the Billingsley article
- Photo of the old cable headhouse
- More photos of the area
- Grand Canyon Association e-publications, including Quest for the Pillar of Gold
[DON'T MAKE CATS LIVE IN DRAFT] Category:Grand Canyon history Category:Arizona Category:Mohave County Category:Mines in the United States Category:Colorado River