This is a dump of most of the table at Module:Interlinear/data. If making edits, please consider also checking/editing List of glossing abbreviations.
| Abbreviation | Tooltip | Wiki article | Ambiguous | Exclude negation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NS | non-subject | yes | ||
| FSG | feminine singular | |||
| SS | same subject | Switch-reference | ||
| ALL | allative case ('to') | allative case | ||
| NEUT | neuter gender | neuter gender | ||
| DESI | desiderative mood | desiderative mood | ||
| PROH | prohibitive mood | prohibitive mood | ||
| REAL | realis mood | realis mood | ||
| ACC | accusative case | accusative case | ||
| DS | different-subject | switch-reference | ||
| ELA | elative case ('out of') | elative case | ||
| CLF | classifier | classifier (linguistics) | ||
| UND | undergoer | |||
| TERM | terminative case | terminative case | ||
| REFL | reflexive | reflexive pronoun | yes | |
| ANTIP | antipassive voice | antipassive voice | ||
| ACCOM | accompanier | |||
| INT | intensifier | intensifier | yes | |
| CONT | continuous aspect | continuous aspect | yes | |
| ANTE | antessive case ('before') | antessive case | ||
| AGR | agreement | agreement (grammar) | ||
| HORT | hortative | hortative | ||
| PERF | perfect | perfect (grammar) | ||
| SEQ | sequential | |||
| IND | indicative mood | indicative mood | ||
| INDF | indefinite | definiteness | ||
| AP | antipassive voice | antipassive voice | ||
| FP | final particle | |||
| PROG | progressive aspect | progressive aspect | ||
| SUBJ | subject | subject (grammar) | ||
| MSG | masculine singular | |||
| EXESS | exessive case | exessive case | ||
| POT | potential mood | potential mood | ||
| TOT | totalitive | totalitive | ||
| VOL | volitive mood | volitive mood | ||
| DEO | deontic mood | deontic mood | ||
| AND | andative ('going towards') | andative | ||
| AUX | auxiliary verb | auxiliary verb | ||
| 1 | first person | Grammatical person | ||
| 0 | ||||
| 3 | third person | grammatical person | ||
| 2 | second person | Grammatical person | ||
| DECL | declarative mood | declarative mood | ||
| COL | collective number | collective number | ||
| HOD | hodiernal tense ('today') | hodiernal tense | ||
| INV | inverse | inversion (linguistics) | ||
| CONJ | conjunction | conjunction (grammar) | ||
| A | agent-like argument of canonical transitive verb | A (glossing abbreviation) | yes | |
| NOMI | nominalizer/nominalization | nominalization | ||
| C | common gender | common gender | yes | |
| B | core benefactive | benefactive case | ||
| E | epenthetic morpheme | epenthesis | ||
| D | core dative case | dative case | ||
| F | feminine gender | feminine gender | ||
| I | yes | |||
| DIR | yes | |||
| NF | non-finite | nonfinite verb | ||
| M | masculine gender | masculine gender | ||
| O | patient-like argument (object) of canonical transitive verb | O (grammar) | yes | |
| INTERR | interrogative | interrogative | ||
| Q | question word | question word | ||
| P | patient-like argument of canonical transitive verb | P (grammar) | yes | |
| AV | agent voice | agent voice | ||
| R | yes | |||
| CPL | completive aspect | completive aspect | ||
| FPL | feminine plural | |||
| HAB | habitual aspect | habitual aspect | ||
| DEP | dependent | |||
| ADM | admonitive mood (warning) | admonitive mood | ||
| IO | indirect object | indirect object | ||
| INAL | inalienable possession | inalienable possession | ||
| ADE | adessive case | adessive case | ||
| PASS | passive voice | passive voice | ||
| APL | applicative voice | applicative voice | ||
| FOC | focus | focus (grammar) | ||
| ZO | zoic gender | zoic gender | ||
| DISTR | distributive case | distributive case | ||
| VIII | class VIII | Noun class | ||
| PRO | pronoun | pronoun | ||
| CNSQ | consequential mood | consequential mood | ||
| PAT | patient(ive) | Patient (grammar) | ||
| STAT | stative | stative | ||
| DAT | dative case | dative case | ||
| CTN | continuous aspect | continuous aspect | yes | |
| ALLOC | allocutive agreement | allocutive agreement | ||
| PREP | preposition, prepositional case | |||
| HBL | humble register | |||
| EPIS | epistemic mood/modality | epistemic modality | ||
| DEF | definite | definite | ||
| CL | classifier | classifier (linguistics) | ||
| AL | allocutive agreement | allocutive agreement | ||
| PAU | paucal number | paucal number | ||
| MVMT | movement | |||
| CNTR | contrastive | contrast (linguistics) | ||
| CAU | causative | causative | ||
| ANIM | animate | animacy | ||
| COP | copula | copula (linguistics) | ||
| LOC | locative case | locative case | ||
| REF | referential | referential | ||
| TVF | truth-value focus | truth-value focus | ||
| INTR | intransitive | intransitive (disambiguation) | ||
| MASC | masculine gender | masculine gender | ||
| VOC | vocative case | vocative case | ||
| PL | plural number | plural number | ||
| LOG | logophoric | logophoric | ||
| PRF | perfect | perfect (grammar) | ||
| COMP | comparative | comparative | yes | |
| VBLZ | verbalizer | verbalizer | ||
| OBV | obviative | obviative | ||
| DM | discourse marker | discourse marker | ||
| ABE | abessive case ('without') | abessive case | ||
| HYP | hypothetical mood | hypothetical mood | ||
| AUG | augmentative | augmentative | ||
| ART | article | article (grammar) | ||
| DES | desiderative mood | desiderative mood | ||
| APPL | applicative voice | applicative voice | ||
| ABL | ablative case | ablative case | ||
| IPFV | imperfective aspect | imperfective aspect | ||
| SUB | subject | subject (grammar) | ||
| RES | yes | |||
| PR | proper noun | proper noun | ||
| INCEP | inceptive aspect | inceptive aspect | ||
| APRX | approximative | approximative | ||
| INCH | inchoative aspect | inchoative aspect | ||
| PEG | pegative case | pegative case | ||
| UR | motion upriver | |||
| NEG | negation/negative | Negative (linguistics) | ||
| EXP | experiential, or experiencer | yes | ||
| DUB | dubitative mood | dubitative mood | ||
| SBRD | subordinator | subordination (linguistics) | ||
| EXCL | exclusive person | clusivity | ||
| VB | verb(al) | |||
| DR | motion downriver | |||
| FR | frequentative | frequentative | ||
| PROT | protasis | protasis (linguistics) | ||
| COM | comitative case ('together with') | comitative case | ||
| ACT | active/actor | active voice | yes | |
| INTEN | intentional | |||
| INSTR | instrument(al) | |||
| LK | linker | |||
| NARR | narrative tense | |||
| INFER | inferential | inferential mood | ||
| TEL | telic aspect | telic aspect | ||
| CVB | converb | converb | ||
| ADV | adverb(ial) | adverbial | yes | |
| FREQ | frequentative | frequentative | ||
| ANAPH | anaphora/anaphoric | Anaphora (linguistics) | ||
| DITR | ditransitive | ditransitive | ||
| MVT | movement | |||
| ESS | essive case | essive case | ||
| VEN | venitive (coming towards) | andative and venitive | ||
| SBJ | subject | subject (grammar) | ||
| ASS | associative case | associative case | yes | |
| DEL | delative case ('off of') | delative case | yes | |
| OBJ | object(ive) | object (grammar) | yes | |
| WH | wh-question | wh-question | ||
| IRR | irrealis mood | irrealis mood | ||
| ATT | attenuative | attenuative | yes | |
| AOR | aorist | aorist | ||
| VT | verb, transitive | transitive verb | ||
| VN | verbal noun | verbal noun | ||
| SEM | semelfactive aspect ('once') | semelfactive aspect | ||
| DIM | diminutive | diminutive | ||
| AUD | auditory evidential | evidentiality | ||
| COR | coreference | coreference | ||
| FORM | formal register | |||
| VIS | visible, visual | |||
| VIA | vialis case | vialis case | ||
| GEN | genitive case | genitive case | ||
| BEN | benefactive case ('for') | benefactive case | ||
| HUM | human/anthropic gender | yes | ||
| VER | veridical | veridical | yes | |
| OB | object(ive) | object (grammar) | yes | |
| ASP | aspect | aspect (grammar) | ||
| EX | exclusive person | clusivity | ||
| VBZ | verbalizer | verbalizer | ||
| FEM | feminine gender | feminine gender | ||
| V | verb(al) | |||
| DEM | demonstrative | demonstrative | ||
| USIT | usitative (for usual or typical events) | |||
| TRANSL | translative case ('becoming') | translative case | ||
| DET | determiner | determiner | ||
| U | yes | |||
| NH | non-human | grammatical gender | ||
| TRN | transnumeral | transnumeral | ||
| PV | patient voice | Patient voice | ||
| UH | motion uphill, inland | |||
| INCL | inclusive person | clusivity | ||
| TR | transitive | Transitivity (grammar) | ||
| CAUS | causative | causative | ||
| AFF | affirmative | affirmative (linguistics) | ||
| TOP | topic | topic (linguistics) | ||
| PROB | probability | |||
| MOM | single action verb | |||
| 3OBV | third person obviative | Obviative | ||
| TAM | tense, aspect, or mood | tense–aspect–mood | ||
| SUPE | superessive case ('on') | superessive case | ||
| PROP | propositive mood | propositive mood | ||
| IMP | imperative mood | imperative mood | ||
| DO | direct object | direct object | ||
| EVIT | evitative case | evitative case | ||
| INEL | inelative case ('from within') | inelative case | ||
| ADJ | adjective | adjective | ||
| SUBL | sublative case ('onto', 'down onto') | sublative case | ||
| TRI | trial number | trial number | ||
| PREC | precative mood | precative mood | ||
| DY | dyadic | dyadic kinship term | ||
| SR | yes | |||
| VI | verb, intransitive | intransitive verb | ||
| SUBR | subordinator | subordination (linguistics) | ||
| STV | stative | stative | ||
| DEI | deictic | deictic | ||
| PRIV | privative case | privative case | ||
| IMPRS | impersonal | impersonal | ||
| SENS | sensory evidential | Sensory evidential | ||
| INDEF | indefinite | definiteness | ||
| SE | same event | |||
| SJV | subjunctive mood | subjunctive mood | ||
| SBJV | subjunctive mood | subjunctive mood | ||
| EXIST | existential ('there is') | existential clause | ||
| PFV | perfective aspect | perfective aspect | ||
| IN | inclusive person | clusivity | ||
| S | single argument of canonical intransitive verb | S (grammar) | ||
| RFR | referential | referential | ||
| CONC | concessive | concessive | ||
| RET | retrospective | Retrospective (grammar) | ||
| REM | remote past tense | remote past tense | ||
| ABS | absolutive case | absolutive case | ||
| REL | relative(izer) | relativizer | ||
| AN | animate | animacy | ||
| GNO | gnomic | Gnomic aspect | ||
| REDUP | reduplication | Reduplication | ||
| RECP | reciprocal voice | reciprocal voice | ||
| CRAS | crastinal tense ('tomorrow') | crastinal tense | ||
| DEST | destinative aspect | destinative aspect | ||
| REC | recent past tense | recent past tense | ||
| QUOT | quotative | quotative | ||
| PTCP | participle | participle | ||
| ALIEN | alienable possession | alienable possession | ||
| SUBE | subessive case ('under') | subessive case | ||
| PURP | purposive | Purposive case | ||
| NMZ | nominalizer/nominalization | nominalization | ||
| EMP | emphatic | |||
| IGNOR | ignorative | ignorative | ||
| PTV | partitive case ('some of') | partitive case | ||
| CRS | current relevance marker | current relevance (grammar) | ||
| PRTC | participle | participle | ||
| AGT | agentive case | agentive case | ||
| PCP | participle | participle | ||
| III | class III | Noun class | ||
| CENT | centric case | centric case | ||
| PTCL | particle | particle (grammar) | ||
| EXO | exocentric | exocentric case | ||
| PN | pronoun | pronoun | ||
| PST | past tense | past tense | ||
| CIRC | circumfix | circumfix | ||
| DEIX | deictic | deictic | ||
| PROX | yes | |||
| INFR | inferential | inferential mood | ||
| PRSP | prospective aspect | prospective aspect | ||
| AG | agentive case | agent (grammar) | ||
| DISJ | disjunction | disjunction | ||
| FACT | factive evidential | evidentiality | ||
| PROS | prosecutive case | prosecutive case | ||
| PROL | prolative case ('via') | prolative case | ||
| TNS | tense | Grammatical tense | ||
| PRES | present tense | present tense | ||
| PRS | present tense | present tense | ||
| DYN | dynamic aspect | dynamic aspect | ||
| IMPR | imprecative mood | imprecative mood | ||
| SG | singular number | Singular number | yes | |
| PRT | preterite | preterite | ||
| DLM | delimited | |||
| PRET | preterite | preterite | ||
| EXPL | expletive/dummy | Syntactic expletive | ||
| PRED | predicate/predicative | predicate (grammar) | ||
| PPFV | past perfective | past perfective | ||
| PERS | personal | |||
| PP | past/passive participle | participle | ||
| POSTE | postessive case ('after') | postessive case | ||
| EXCLAM | exclamative | exclamative | ||
| DETR | detransitive | detransitive | ||
| POST | postposition, postpositional case | |||
| POSS | possessive marker | possessive | ||
| MID | middle voice | middle voice | ||
| POS | possessive marker | possessive | ||
| POL | polite register | |||
| PO | primary object | primary object | ||
| PT | patient trigger | Austronesian alignment | ||
| PPP | past passive participle | past passive participle | ||
| VII | class VII | Noun class | ||
| PA | paucal number | paucal number | ||
| LT | locative trigger | Austronesian alignment | ||
| PAST | past tense | past tense | ||
| MIM | mimetic | Linguistic mimesis | ||
| PAS | passive voice | passive voice | ||
| LD | locative case + directional | |||
| ID | identical | |||
| ATTR | attributive | Attributive | ||
| OPT | optative mood | optative mood | ||
| OBL | oblique case | oblique case | ||
| AT | agent trigger | austronesian alignment | ||
| VD | verb, ditransitive | ditransitive verb | ||
| NUM | numeral | numeral (linguistics) | ||
| NOM | nominative case | nominative case | ||
| NZ | nominalizer/nominalization | nominalization | ||
| NMLZ | nominalizer/nominalization | nominalization | ||
| IDENTIF | identifiable | |||
| N | neuter gender | neuter gender | ||
| IT | instrument trigger | Austronesian alignment | ||
| MW | measure word | Measure word | ||
| CIT | citation form | citation form | ||
| MPL | masculine plural | |||
| TEMP | temporal case | temporal case | ||
| MOD | mood/modal(ity) | Linguistic modality | yes | |
| MLTP | multiplicative case | multiplicative case | ||
| GER | gerund | gerund | ||
| MIR | mirative | mirative | ||
| MAN | manner | |||
| DE | different event | |||
| LAT | lative case | lative case | ||
| BE | 'be' verb | be verb | ||
| L2 | second language | |||
| IX | class IX | Noun class | ||
| JUS | jussive mood | jussive mood | ||
| IV | class IV | Noun class | ||
| ITER | iterative aspect | iterative aspect | ||
| IS | indirect speech | indirect speech | ||
| WH.Q | wh-question | wh-question | ||
| HEST | hesternal tense ('yesterday') | hesternal tense | ||
| INST | instrument(al) | |||
| DYAD | dyadic | dyadic kinship term | ||
| SU | subject | subject (grammar) | ||
| INF | infinitive | infinitive | ||
| INE | inessive case ('in') | inessive case | ||
| ANT | anterior tense | anterior tense | ||
| APP | apposition | apposition | ||
| INAN | inanimate gender | inanimate gender | ||
| IMPREC | imprecative mood | imprecative mood | ||
| IMPERF | imperfect | imperfect | ||
| IMM | immediate | |||
| DUR | durative aspect | durative aspect | ||
| INCHO | inchoative aspect | inchoative aspect | ||
| DEC | declarative mood | declarative mood | ||
| PTC | particle | particle (grammar) | ||
| CAP | capability | |||
| II | class II | Noun class | ||
| DU | dual number | Dual (grammatical number) | ||
| IDEO | ideophone | ideophone | ||
| HSY | hearsay | |||
| HON | honorific | honorifics (linguistics) | ||
| FAM | familiar register | |||
| NTR | intransitive | intransitive (disambiguation) | ||
| GT | goal trigger | austronesian alignment | ||
| CONN | connective | connective particle | ||
| MLT | multiplicative case | multiplicative case | ||
| FUT | future tense | future tense | ||
| DIST | distal | distal demonstrative | ||
| FMR | former, deceased | |||
| SUBORD | subordinator | subordination (linguistics) | ||
| FIN | finite | finite verb | ||
| HIST | hitorical | |||
| PROSP | prospective aspect | prospective aspect | ||
| PRESP | present participle | present participle | ||
| COMPL | completive aspect | completive aspect | ||
| COND | conditional mood | conditional mood | ||
| INS | instrument(al) | |||
| EXH | exhortative | exhortative | ||
| EVID | evidential | evidential | ||
| EV | evidential | evidential | ||
| ERG | ergative case | ergative case | ||
| EMPH | emphatic | |||
| SUC | successive | |||
| PER | perlative case ('per', 'using') | perlative case | ||
| DH | motion downhill, seaward | |||
| SGV | singulative number | singulative number | ||
| CNJ | conjunction | conjunction (grammar) | ||
| CF | counterfactual conditional | counterfactual conditional | ||
| APPR | apprehensive mood | apprehensive mood | ||
| ANTIC | anticausative | anticausative | ||
| ILL | illative case ('into') | illative case |
Total:382