PROUT - Progressive Utilization Theory - Socio-economic theory presented by the modern Indian philosopher Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar ( 1921 - 1990). It is a philosophy whose goal is to exploit the full potential of humanity and the planet (and in the future of space ), and its basis are treated as physical needs, mental and spiritual man. This theory is an alternative to both communism and capitalism . Socialism is the spiritual envelope, adapted to contemporary anti-globalization tendencies. PROUT like communism, presupposes the collective distribution of wealth, but PROUT does not focus solely on the economic aspect of human life, meets all the needs of modern man - physical, educational, social, political, mental, cultural and spiritual, linked closely with the comprehensive development of human society . The core values that guide the PROUT, are cosmopolitan values Neohumanism - managing the common prosperity of the world, as a whole, including the interests of the animals, plants and inanimate matter, not only targeting the needs of humanity.
Five basic principles of PROUT
editPRSarkar his theory represents the sixteen Sanskrit verses. The first five are considered most important. The first point of the main challenges the ideological foundation upon which rests capitalism :
First "No person should be allowed to collect physical property without the permission or approval of the collective."
The key is to understand that the property is shared by the community . The unit has the right to use something. It is therefore the public should have the right to decide to what extent acceptable can be private . Consequence of the accumulation of wealth in the hands of the individual is the impoverishment of others. Law by the accumulation of wealth without any limits should not therefore be accepted. In the economic sphere of the freedom of the individual must be in harmony with the interests of the group. It should be noted that this is the fundamental assumptions of both the overthrow of capitalism as well as communism. Capitalism allows freedom fundraising, while communism assumes equal wages for all, without regard to their contributions and work. Absolute equality in the possession of the goods is an unnecessary illusion. This principle also implies that the concept of ownership may be different depending on the psychology of society. In this area there was in the past a number of different approaches. PROUT does not specify a mechanism for designating a specific property. However, the assumption of ownership of the common democratic approach, the assumption is appropriate disposal measures - economic democracy .
Second "It should be the maximum utilization and rational distribution of all earthly goods, ponadmaterialnych and spiritual potential of the universe. "
This principle is the basis of a philosophical basis to ensure needs. What can specify rational? Rational distribution assumes that both needs, as well as skills. This theory also applies ponadmaterialnych and spiritual needs of man, their maximum use and implement, and enter regions more subtle dimensions of human existence. Today's economic systems do not address the range of human needs as it is based on obsolete assumptions of materialistic science in the nineteenth century, however, the future of these potentials can be used and implemented for the good of all mankind. However, the use of the finest goods will require new scientific discoveries of the universe and the nature of existence itself.
3rd "It should be the maximum utilization and rational distribution of all the physical, metaphysical, and ponadmaterialnych temporal and spiritual potential of the individual and the whole of human society."
Second principle relates to the use of resources of the world around us, both in its primitive, as well as the subtle dimension. The third principle to the problem and the potential of the human individual. Physical, mental and spiritual potentials should be expressed in a creative way and aim to widespread prosperity. Each person should be used in a unique, tailored to the way. Individuals with special abilities should be set up for maximum performance. You should also make efforts to develop the dormant potential of society as a whole. In order to develop the potential of each individual, to exclude a sense of existential fear - ensure that every minimal living conditions. Only then human societies will be able to grow mentally and spiritually. Everyone should be allowed access to free and having sufficient level of education. Each should also be given the opportunity to develop additional skills. The development is based on the collective mind of summing and interaction of individual minds. Therefore, you should take special efforts to integrate into the educational system of factors that will help develop awareness of the socio-economic, moral, selfless service to others, social sensitivity, and spirituality.
4th "The use of physical goods, metaphysical, temporal and spiritual ponadmaterialnych should be properly regulated."
This rule says that the previous two points should be implemented in a coordinated and sustainable manner. Otherwise, it may unsettle the public, even lead to its degeneration. The role of man in society should be determined in a harmonized way. In employment should take into account the interests and abilities of the individual. Today, artistic and intellectual ability are rare in comparison with the physical abilities. Spiritual sensitivity is something even rarer. A practical approach is to require less physical activity than individuals whose mental and spiritual abilities can bring great benefits to society. Ideally, the leaders of the society were evolved at both levels of physical, mental and spiritual.
5th "The method of use of the goods should vary with the circumstances (time, space and people) use should be progressive in nature."
The fifth in a clear rule states that you should still continue to implement new and better ideas. Anti-scientific approach to human development is in fact unethical approach. Also, dogmatic and materialistic approaches are not healthy. Some argue that the impact of new technological breakthroughs on the environment can upset the ecological balance of the planet. But looking at it from a different perspective - that balance can be upset by the inappropriate use of new technologies.
The main assumptions
editEach unit should be guaranteed basic needs, including food, shelter, clothing, education and medical care. Everyone should also have sufficient capacity to purchase goods. Other assumptions - economic democracy, moral leadership, individual freedom, cultural diversity, empowerment of women, global management.
External links
editw języku polskim:
w języku angielskim: