User:VRodrig110/Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease

Pathophysiology of Alzheimer's Disease

I would like to add other mechanisms of the Pathophysiology of alzheimer's Disease and other Neurodegenerative diseases.

These are newly discovered functions of Cell Specific Carbonic Anhydrase Enzymes.VRodrig110 (talk) 00:30, 28 April 2011 (UTC) These mechanisms are discussed in reference http://www. uspto .gov -- U.S. Patent # 7858602--- RODRIGUEZ--Therapeutic and Prophylactic Uses of Cell Specific Carbonic Anhydrase Enzymes in the Treatment of Aging Disorders due to Oxidative Stress and as Growth Factors of Stem Cells

1. Primary deficiency of Cell Specific Carbonic Anhydrase Enzymes due to defective Gene link

 Carbonic Anhydrase Enzymes.

2.Secondary deficiency of Cell Specific Carbonic Anhydrase due to:

  (a) Neurotoxic materials , such iron, aluminum and lead
  (b)Infections that alter the blood-brain barrier
  (c)amyloid deposits that alter the blood-brain barrier
  (d)other conditions or diseases that alter the blood brain barrier  that displace the Zinc
     from Carbonic Anhydrase Enzymes

DECREASED LEVELS OF CARBONIC ANHYDRASE ENZYMES resulting from 1 or 2 above produces TWO PARALLEL PATHS OF CELL DESTRUCTION:

  1.Decreased formation of Hydrogen Ions
  2.Pre-Caspase is activated

  1.(a)Decreased fuel of the Ion Pump that maintains the integrity of the cell wall membrane.
    (b)Decreased formation of ATP(adenosine Triphosphate)- fuel for cell division and all other
       metabolic activities of the cell.
    (c)Decreased neutralization of  all Reactive Radicals including reactive oxygen
    (d)Misfolding of proteins due to lack of hydrogen bond formation such as found in amyloid
       diseases.

  2.(a)Caspase is released
    (b)Program Cell Death(apoptosis) occurs
    (c)Apoptosis related events occur, resulting
  
 1 and 2  results in Dead Cells and Dying Cells

DEAD AND DYING CELLS INCLUDE NEURONS(BRAIN CELLS) (Sensory,Motor Neurons and other Neurons)

                     :

Neuro-fibrillary tangles ,Tau Proteins, amyloid deposists

References

• Meier-Ruge W, Iwangoff P, Reichlmeier K, Sandoz P (1980). "Neurochemical findings in the aging brain". Adv. Biochem. Psychopharmacol. 23: 323–38. PMID 6446847.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Reichlmeier K, Ermini M, Schlecht HP (August 1978). "[Age-dependent enzymatic changes in human cerebral cortex (author's transl)]". Aktuelle Gerontol (in German). 8 (8): 441–8. PMID 29509.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Chai F, Truong-Tran AQ, Evdokiou A, Young GP, Zalewski PD (September 2000). "Intracellular zinc depletion induces caspase activation and p21 Waf1/Cip1 cleavage in human epithelial cell lines". J. Infect. Dis. 182 (Suppl 1): S85–92. doi:10.1086/315914. PMID 11041715.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Cabiscol E, Levine RL (June 1995). "Carbonic anhydrase III. Oxidative modification in vivo and loss of phosphatase activity during aging". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (24): 14742–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.24.14742. PMID 7782339.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
• Nakamura M, Ando Y (February 2003). "[Amyloidosis and oxidative stress]". Rinsho Byori (in Japanese). 51 (2): 140–5. PMID 12690631.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
• Thoms S (April 2002). "Hydrogen bonds and the catalytic mechanism of human carbonic anhydrase II". J. Theor. Biol. 215 (4): 399–404. doi:10.1006/jtbi.2002.2528. PMID 12069484.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
• US patent 7858602, Rodriguez VC, "Therapeutic and prophylactic uses of cell specific carbonic anhydrase enzymes in treating aging disorders due to oxidative stress and as growth factors of stem cells", published 2007-09-27