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An endemic mycosis is an infection caused by a dimorphic fungus that historically occurs regularly in a particular geographic area and occupies a particular niche in the local environment, and can infect people with healthy immune systems.[1] The symptoms of endemic mycoses often mimic those of more common conditions, which often leads to treatment delays.[2]
The fungi that cause endemic mycoses are called endemic fungi. The greatest number of genera of endemic fungi are found in North America.[2]
Endemic mycoses have become increasingly common and have increasingly been detected outside their historical geographic range. Factors that may be contributing to this increase include population growth in endemic areas; increased numbers of immunocompromised people, particularly due to HIV infection; and environmental and climate change.[3] Some of the apparent spread may also be due to improved detection.[4]
List
edit- Adiaspiromycosis - Adiaspiromyces
- Blastomycosis - Blastomyces
- Chromoblastomycosis[5]
- Coccidioidomycosis - Coccidioides
- Emergomycosis (emmonsiosis) - Emergomyces
- Eumycetoma[5]
- Histoplasmosis - Histoplasma
- Lacaziosis (lobomycosis) - Lacazia[5]
- Paracoccidioidomycosis - Paracoccidioides
- Sporotrichosis - Sporothrix
- Talaromycosis (penicilliosis) - Talaromyces
Histoplasmosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, and blastomycosis are sometimes considered the "major" endemic mycoses, in contrast to the "minor" endemic mycoses such as talaromycosis, adiaspiromycosis, and emergomycosis.[3]
References
edit- ^ Malcolm, Theodore R.; Chin-Hong, Peter V. (December 2013). "Endemic mycoses in immunocompromised hosts". Current Infectious Disease Reports. 15 (6): 536–543. doi:10.1007/s11908-013-0387-4. PMC 4939090. PMID 24197921.
- ^ a b Lockhart, Shawn R.; et al. (2021). "Endemic and Other Dimorphic Mycoses in The Americas" (PDF). Journal of Fungi. 7: 151. doi:10.3390/jof7020151. Retrieved 2022-07-27.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b Tirado-Sánchez, Andrés; González, Gloria M; Bonifaz, Alexandro (November 2020). "Endemic mycoses: epidemiology and diagnostic strategies". Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy. 18 (11): 1105–1117. doi:10.1080/14787210.2020.1792774. PMID 32620065.
- ^ Ashraf, Nida; et al. (2020). "Re-drawing the Maps for Endemic Mycoses". Mycopathologia. 185: 843–865. Retrieved 2022-07-27.
- ^ a b c Queiroz-Telles, Flavio; et al. (January 2017). "Chromoblastomycosis". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 30 (1): 233–276. doi:10.1128/CMR.00032-16. PMC 5217794. PMID 27856522. Retrieved 2022-07-08.