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User:Wjemather/Olympics

< User:Wjemather

1900

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Equestrian

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Sources

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Statistics

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Per the official report:

Event Number of entrants by horse/equipment owner's country Total
France Belgium Italy Russia America Austria Germany Spain
Obstacle course 27 11 5 1 1 0 0 0 45
Saddle horses 45 2 3 0 1 0 0 0 51
Long jump 9 3 2 2 1 0 0 0 17
Four-in-hand 16 9 0 2 1 1 1 1 31
High jump 7 4 5 1 1 0 0 0 18

Obstacle jumping

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  • Official report lists first 3; most sources (incl. IOC) list the 7 "flots de rubans" (rosette) winners; Mallon also lists Mandl, but doesn't list Phillipot
  • Official report states 45 horses. Official programme has 38; Floridor (Phillipot) is not listed, nor is Mandl (their inclusion leaves 2 Belgian & 3 French entrants)
  • Only first 3 had clear rounds; Floridor was quicker but clipped a couple of obstacles (without knocking any down) for 1/4 fault and was classified behind the first 3.[1][2]
Rank Rider Horse Nation Owner(s) Time No Notes
  Aimé Haegeman Benton II   Belgium <rider> 2:16.0 12 officier de lanciers, lieutenant instructeur à l'École de cavalerie d'Ypres;[3] capitaine 2e chasseurs in 1902.[4]
  Georges Van Der Poële Windsor Squire   Belgium <rider> 2:17.6 38 gentleman
  Louis de Champsavin[5] Terpsichore   France André Lefeuvre and Louis de Champsavin 2:26.0 21 lieutenant-instructeur de cavalerie à l'École de Saint-Cyr; winner of the Coupe[5]
4–10
(ribbons)		 Arthur Philippot Floridor   Belgium <rider>[a] Unknown Bruxelles
Louis d'Havrincourt (draft) Mavourneen   France <rider> Unknown 16 Count; author (Dressage en liberté du cheval d'obstacles, Le Paradis des chevaux d'obstacles, La battue de perdreaux) (Pierre Marie Louis De Cardevac d'Havrincourt, b. 29 June 1863 Lapalisse, Allier, d. 22 July 1928)
Henri Leclerc (draft) Extra Dry   France Constant van Langhendonck Unknown 36 Artillery officer; Legion of Honour[6]
Henri Leclerc Gilles (ex-Needles)   France A de Santa-Victoria (Alphonse?) Unknown 31
Charles de Béthune-Sully (draft)[b] Tip-Top   France <rider> Unknown 2 Comte de Béthune-Sully
Maurice Jéhin[c] (draft) Bistouri   France Paul Lambert Unknown 20 Horse dealer
Louis Napoléon Murat[d]
Napoléon Murat[5]		 Arcadius   France <rider> Unknown 24
11–37 Vigneulles (Vigneuille)[3][e]
Albert Wignolle		 Rayon d'Or   France B. Grégoire Unknown 11
De Coulombier
Henri de Coulombiers[3][f]		 My Dear   France Comte Edouard de Fleurieu Unknown 10
De Lamaratine (De Lamartine)[3][g]
(Marie Louis Alain?) d'Auzac de la Martinie[5]		 La Moscovite   France <rider> Unknown 1 lieutenant; (Officer of the Legion d'Honneur[12]) born 30 Oct 1866
Marcel Haëntjens[5][h]
Paul Haëntjens[3]		 Nell   France Haëntjens' brother & Comte d'Havrincourt[13] Unknown 13 Paul Ernest Haëntjens, lieutenant (3e dragons), winner of the Grand Prix de Paris[5]
Dominique Gardères
Alfred Gardère[3][i]		 Canela   France Oscar Heeren Unknown 17
Hermann Mandl[j] Unknown   Austria Unknown
Constant van Langhendonck[5] Roxanne   Belgium <rider> Unknown 37 Lieutenant in the 1st regiment of guides in 1902.[16]
Charles van Langhendonck[5][17] Black Fly/Figaro   Belgium <rider> DNF 34/35 Lieutenant in the 1st regiment of guides in 1902.[16]
Georges Kryn[5] Master Kildare/Merry Mood   Belgium <rider> Unknown 18/19 Possibly an industrialist/diamond merchant in Antwerp prior to WW1, founded K&L works (munitions factory) in Letchworth during the war[18][19]
Eugène Poidebard[5] Vaporisateur   France <rider> Unknown 29 Eugène Antoine Marie Joseph Poidebard, sous-lieutenant (2e dragons); (Officer of the Legion d'Honneur[20])
Hubert Dutech[5] Touch me not   France <rider> Unknown 8 Hubert Jean Félix Dutech, capitaine (17e chasseurs); Officer of the Legion d'Honneur;[21] Croix de guerre with palm; killed during WWI
unknown[17]
André Moreau[k]		 Ludlow   Italy Baron Carlo de Marchi Unknown 23
16 other competitors
withdrew Federico Caprilli[5] Mélopo   Italy Jean Demichelis DNS 5
Federico Caprilli[5] Montebello   Italy Jean Demichelis DNS 6
Ferdinand Po[5] Niniche   Italy <rider> DNS 28
Federico Caprilli Oreste   Italy Paolo Malfatti DNS[l] 22
4 other competitors
unknown[m] Louis de Champsavin Contrat   France Dutilleul & Champsavin Unknown 9
Napoléon Murat Bayard   France <rider> Unknown 25
Henri Plocque Genét   France <rider> Unknown 27
Louis d'Havrincourt Dolly   France <rider> Unknown 14
Louis d'Havrincourt Grisette   France <rider> Unknown 15
Gustave Dupertuis Annie   France <rider> Unknown 7 Gustave Albert Dupertuis, lieutenant with the 17th chasseurs
Guy de Cordon Quartier Maître   France <rider> Unknown 4 Comte Guy Marie Louis de Cordon, lieutenant with the 21th chasseurs, 23 July 1870–1944
Carlo de Liocourt Miss Puce   France Vicomte Henri de Traversay[n] Unknown 33 there was a Baron Carlo de Liocourt, maybe decended from the Grandjean de Bouzanville
Adrien Perret Plantagenet   France <rider> Unknown 26 possibly Adrien Auguste Perret, b. 10 March 1871
Xavier Riant Vive l'Armée!   France Jean de Chaudenay & Xavier Riant Unknown 3 possibly Xavier Jean Marie Didier Riant, b. 17 Jan 1872
Georges Kryn Master Kildare/Merry Mood   Belgium <rider> Unknown 18/19
Georges Van Der Poële Lorna Doon   Belgium George Santens Unknown 32
Charles van Langhendonck Black Fly/Figaro   Belgium <rider> Unknown 34/35
Élie de Polyakov London   Russia <rider> Unknown 30
  1. ^ Mentioned as the owner a couple of months later.
  2. ^ Olympedia has Eugène Charles Philippe Marie (went by Eugene), m. Marie Marguerite Amelot de Chaillou (1872), but most likely their son, Marie Joseph Jacques Victor Charles (b. 19 Jun 1874, d. 1932?[7]), m. Marie Valentine Louise Renée Prudhomme de la Perelle (m. 25 Nov 1901),[8] Legion of Honour[9][10] (also Béthune des Planques?[11])
  3. ^ That Jéhin rode Bistouri is presumed by de Wael, based on a belief that he owned the horse. In fact, Paul Lambert owned the horse and Jéhin was the rider.
  4. ^ De Wael notes that it is uncertain if Murat actually was the rider, but argues for it on the basis that Murat was the owner of Arcadius and is known to have ridden in other events. If it was Murat, it was more likely to be his nephew (see hacks and hunter below).
  5. ^ Wignolle in the official programme.
  6. ^ Possibly Marie Charles Henri Boula de Coulombiers, lieutenant with the 4e hussards. Official programme lists H. de Coulombiers.
  7. ^ Probably d'Auzac de la Martinie.
  8. ^ More likely to have been Paul Ernest Haëntjens, lieutenant with the 3e dragons.
  9. ^ Sources suggest Alfred Gardère not Dominique Gardères.[14][15]
  10. ^ Not finding any mention in contemporary sources; not listed in the official programme.
  11. ^ Rider possibly Georges Van Der Poële or André Moreau based on high jump; however, Moreau is listed in the official programme.
  12. ^ Among the 38 entrants listed in the official programme; assuming DNS.
  13. ^ Among the 38 entrants listed in the official programme.
  14. ^ Henri Auguste Marie Joseph Prévost-Sansac, vicomte de Traversay, b. 13 April 1961, d. 1910, age 49.[22]

Saddle horses (hacks and hunter combined)

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  • Official report has very limited details of the first 4; most sources detail them plus an additional 7 "flots de rubans" (rosette) winners; Mallon also lists Mandl
Rank Rider Nation Horse Owner Status Notes
  Louis Napoléon Murat[a]
Napoléon Murat		   France The General Princess J Murat  Y LNM: Prince; French Navy; Swedish Navy
LNACM: Legion D'honneur; French Army (lieutenant), Russian Army (colonel); Orders of St Vladimir, Cross of St George
  Victor Archenoul   France Retournelle Count Henry de Robien  ? Director at the dressage school in Caen; Officer of the Order of Agricultural Merit[27][28]
  Robert de Montesquiou
Joseph de Montesquiou		   France Grey Leg Rider  Y Eugène Marie Gérard Joseph, 5th Marquis de Montesquiou-Fézensac[29]
4 Marcel Haëntjens[b]
Paul Haëntjens		   France Mavourneen Count Louis d'Havrincourt MH: Son of Alphonse-Alfred Haentjens and Louise Magnan (1835–1893), daughter of Bernard Pierre Magnan;[30][31] death (2 Jun 1915);[32]; service[33]
PH: lieutenant (3e dragons)
5–11
(ribbons)		 Maurice Jéhin[c]   France Biscuit
Auguste Roy   France Reine de Saba Charley?
Louis de Champsavin   France Terpsichore  Y lieutenant
René de Quincey (draft)   France Cy Beau René Alfred Robert de Quincey, Legion d'Honneur?[34]
Elvira Guerra   Italy Libertin
Harold Dillon[d]
Pierre Dillon[37]		   France Duc d'Aoste lieutenant
Georges de Lagarenne   France Louqsor Legion d'Honneur;[38] lieutenant-colonel in 1900, Général de Brigade commanding the 4th Cuirassiers in 1912;[39] Société de l'Étrier
12–51 Hermann Mandl[e]   Austria Unknown
Guy de Cordon   France Unknown Comte
Mathieu Marie de Lesseps   France Unknown Legion d'Honneur;[40] sous-lieutenant, 5e régiment de hussards
Élie de Polyakov   Russian Empire Unknown
Jane Moulin[37]   France Unknown
Georges Van Der Poële   Belgium Unknown
Vigneulles[f]
Albert Wignolle		   France Unknown
(Pierre Marie Camille/Joseph Marie André?) La Forgue de Bellegarde[37][41]   France Staag Camille de La Forgue de Bellegarde lieutenant de dragons; son of Camille de La Forgue de Bellegarde[37]
(Maurice Adrien?) Foache[37][41] Fils d'Artois captain
(Pierre Louis?) Alaret[37] Unknown lieutenant
(Charles Marie Adrien?) Baveux[37] Unknown lieutenant
Blanche de Marcigny[37] Unknown
Louis d'Havrincourt[41] Bambocheur count
de Croix[41] Ronfleur marquis
Up to 31 more competitors
  1. ^ Could it actually have been his nephew, Louis Napoléon Achille Charles Murat? L'Acclimatation states "lieutenant au 14e régiment de hussards", which correlates with Almanach de Gotha 1900. Not finding evidence that LNM was ever with this regiment. LNACM was also a lieutenant, later Colonel (maybe general), in the Russian army.[23][24][25][26]
  2. ^ More likely to have been Paul Ernest Haëntjens, lieutenant in the 3e dragons.
  3. ^ Note: there is a similarly named Maurice Janin, French military officer.
  4. ^ Probably Pierre Étienne Dillon, son of fr:Arthur Dillon (1834-1922).[35][36]
  5. ^ Not finding any mention in contemporary sources.
  6. ^ Could this be Albert Wignolle?

Long jump

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  • Official report just has the winner and distances; IOC list top 4, plus Ploque, van der Meulen & Visconti di Modrone; Mallon lists top 4, plus Mandl & Visconti, and disagrees with contemporary sources on rider & owner of Tolla
Rank Rider Nation Horse Distance Notes
  Constant van Langhendonck   Belgium Extra-Dry 6.10
  Gian Giorgio Trissino[a]   Italy Oreste[b] 5.70
  Jacques de Prunelé[c]   France Tolla[d] 5.30 lieutenant 19e dragons
4 Louis-Napoléon Murat[e]
Napoléon Murat		   France Bayard 4.90
5 & 6 Henri Plocque   France Camélia Unknown
van der Meulen (Meylen)   Belgium The Wett Unknown
7–17 Uberto Visconti di Modrone[f]   Italy Jupe-en-l'Air Unknown
Hermann Mandl[g]   Austria Unknown Unknown
Vladimir Nikolayevich Orlov[g]   Russian Empire Unknown Unknown
Élie de Polyakov[f]   Russian Empire Unknown Unknown
6 unknown competitors   France Unknown Unknown
Unknown competitor   Belgium Unknown Unknown
  1. ^ Horse was due to be ridden by Federico Caprilli.
  2. ^ Horse owned by Paolo Malfetti.
  3. ^ Some sources (Mallon) identify Camille de La Forgue de Bellegarde as the bronze medal winner,[42][43] but he was possibly the owner of the horse (probably not though, since sources state de Loustal as the owner) rather than the rider (but if a de Bellegarde was the rider, it would more likely be his son, lieutenant de Bellegarde - see hacks and hunter above).
  4. ^ Horse owned by de Loustal (Mallon states de Prunelé as the owner).
  5. ^ More liekly to be his nephew (see hacks and hunter above).
  6. ^ a b Not finding any mention in contemporary sources other than LVAGA, where they are mentioned in an historical context in a report of the high jump.
  7. ^ a b Not finding any mention in contemporary sources.

Four-in-hand (mail coach)

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  • All owners listed in the official report, along with first three places.
Rank Driver Nation Status Notes
  Georges Nagelmackers (2)   Belgium  Y Compagnie Internationale des Wagons-Lits, Orient Express
  Léon Thome   France  Y Legion d'Honneur, Order of Agricultural Merit
  Jean de Neuflize   France  Y 4th Baron de Neuflize; banker; Legion d'Honneur
4 Philippe Vernes   France  ? banker?
5–31 Étienne van Zuylen van Nyevelt (2)[a]   Belgium  Y 3rd Baron van Zuylen van Nyevelt van de Haar; married into Rothchilds; ACF, FIA; Legion d'Honneur, Order of Leopold
Olivier de La Mazelière[b]   Belgium Count Adolphe Olivier Pierre Marie Rous de La Mazelière
Vladimir Nikolayevich Orlov   Russian Empire  Y Prince
Charles Eugène Amable de Veauce   France  ? Baron de Veauce; father more likely to be notable (fr:Charles de Veauce)
Luis Antonio de Guadalmina (draft)   Spain  ? 2nd Marqués de Guadalmina; father more likely to be notable (es:Marquesado de Guadalmina)
Élie de Polyakov (Poliakoff)   Russian Empire  ? Son of Lazar Polyakov? (from german wiki, but not listed on russian wiki)
Octave Gallice   France  Y Perrier-Jouët champagne
Jacques la Caze (2)   France  Y Baron la Caze; politician
James Hennessy   France  Y Politician, Hennessy cognac
Gaston Saint-Paul de Sinçay   Belgium  Y Industrialist; Vieille-Montagne; Legion d'Honneur
Adrien de Noailles   France 8th Duke of Noailles
Jacques de Waru   France son of Count Pierre de Waru; gold miner in South Africa; was befriended, along with his brother Gustave, by Marcel Proust, who was interested in photos of their aunt (Gustave was apparently the inspiration for the Marquis de Saint-Loup-en-Bray)
Bertrand Chanu[c]   France
Geoffroy d'Andigné   France  Y Count d'Andigné; politician
Jacques d'Arlincourt   France Count d'Arlincourt
Georges Chaudoir   Belgium Engineer/industrialist, Officer of the Order of Leopold, d. 1923? [1][2][3]; there is also an artist (fr:Georges Chaudoir, 1890–1969)
Louis du Douet de Graville (draft)   France Count du Douet de Graville
Max Guilleaume   Germany Businessman, sportsman, Privy Councillor of Commerce; Felten & Guilleaume; committed suicide/accident[4] (de:Max von Guilleaume) [5],[6],[7]
Paul Lambert   Belgium
Ferdinand de Lariboisière   France  Y Count de Lariboisière; politician; Legion d'Honneur
Hermann Mandl   Austria  Y Businessman, operating in China; Netherlands Consul; Order of the Crown (Prussia) [8]; art collector ([9],[10])
Orban   Belgium  N Unable to find anything without more of his name
Georges Pauwels   Belgium banker? director Million-Guiet (coachbuilders), d. 25 Sep 1911 (age 48) [11], [12] (p. 3)?
Paul de Saint-Léger (draft)   France   Doctor of Medicine at the Faculty of Paris: [13], [14] Same person?
Georges de Zogheb (draft)   Austria Viscount/count, banker; Société du Tombac
  1. ^ One of Van Nyevelts coaches was driven by Count Olivier de La Mazelière.
  2. ^ Owned by Étienne van Zuylen van Nyevelt.
  3. ^ Only appears to be named as A Chanu.

High jump

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  • Official report details top 4 and heights; IOC adds Haëntjens; Mallon adds Mandl, and conflicts with contemporary sources regarding ownership of Ludlow & other Italian horses that were trained by Caprilli, but owned by others
Rank Rider Nation Horse Owner Height Notes
  Dominique Gardères
Alfred Gardère		   France Canéla Oscar Heeren 1.85
Gian Giorgio Trissino[a]   Italy Oreste Paolo Malfatti 1.85
  Georges Van Der Poële
André Moreau[b]		   Belgium
  France		 Ludlow Baron Carlo de Marchi
(  Italy)		 1.70
4 Gian Giorgio Trissino   Italy Mélopo Jean Demichelis 1.70
5–8 Marcel Haëntjens[c]
Paul Haëntjens[44][45][46]		   France Nell 1.70 lieutenant 3e dragons
Henri Leclerc[45][46]   France Mahomet 1.70
Napoléon Murat[44][d][45][46]   France Arcadius 1.70 lieutenant 14e hussards
Albert Wignolle[45][46]   France Sunrise 1.70
9–19 Napoléon Murat[44][d][46]   France Bayard 1.60? lieutenant 14e hussards
Charles Van Langhendonck[46][e]   Belgium Black Fly 1.60?
Constant Van Langhendonck[46][e]   Belgium Roxane Unknown
Hubert Jean Félix Dutech[44]   France Unknown Unknown capitaine 17e chasseurs
Gian Giorgio Trissino[47]   Italy Montebello Jean Demichelis Unknown
Hermann Mandl[f]   Austria Unknown (  United States) Unknown
1 unknown   France Unknown Unknown
2 unknown   Belgium Unknown Unknown
1 unknown   Italy Unknown Unknown
Unknown[g]   Russian Empire Unknown Unknown
  1. ^ Horse was due to be ridden by Federico Caprilli.
  2. ^ Sources do not agree on the rider.
  3. ^ More likely to have been Paul Ernest Haëntjens, lieutenant in the 3e dragons.
  4. ^ a b La France Militaire lists Durat, but this is likely a typo and should be Murat. Probably Louis Napoléon Achille Charles Murat (see hacks and hunter above).
  5. ^ a b Assumed Charles and Constant rode these horses based on entry list for the obstacle jumping.
  6. ^ Not finding any mention in contemporary sources.
  7. ^ Possibly Elie de Poliakoff.

Golf

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Sources

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Men's amateur championship

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  • Official report states 52 players (41 foreigners)
Rank Player Nation Round 1 Round 2 Total
  Charles Sands   United States 82 85 167
  Walter Rutherford   Great Britain 168
  David Robertson   Great Britain 175
4 Frederick Taylor   United States 182
5 John Daunt   Great Britain 184
6 George Thorne   Great Britain 185
7 William Dove   Great Britain 186
8 Albert Bond Lambert   United States 94 95 189
9 Arthur Lord   United States 221
10 Pierre Deschamps   France 231
11 Alexandros Merkati   Greece 246
12 J. Van de Wynckélé   France 252
DNS Léon Legrand   France –
DNS Huger Pratt   France –
DNS Charles Voigt   France –
DNS Arthur Lockwood   Great Britain –
DNS Albert de Luze   France –
DNS Thomas Marshall   Great Britain –
DNS Baron de Foy   France –

Women's championship

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  • Official report states 19 players
Rank Player Nation Score
  Margaret Abbott   United States 47
  Pauline Whittier   United States 49
  Abbie Pratt   United States 53
4 Jeanne Froment-Meurice   France 56
5 Ellen Ridgway   United States 57
6 Madeleine Fournier-Sarlovèze   France 58
7= Mary Abbott   United States 65
Baroness Lucile de Fain   France
9 Rose Gelbert   France 76
10 Marie Brun   France 80
DNS Alice van Bergen   United States –
DNS Princess Marie du Lucinge   France –

Men's handicap

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  • Official report states 38 players; newspaper reports state 24 entries; Olympedia has 19[48]
Rank Player Nation Gross H'cap Nett
1 Albert Bond Lambert[a]   United States 83 10 73
2 Pierre Deschamps   France 108 33 75
3 Arthur Lord   United States 103 23 80
4 George Thorne[b]   England 91 11 80
5 Mackenzie Turpie   Scotland 87 7 80
6 William Dove[b]   England 84 4 80
7 Frederick Taylor   United States 91 10 81
8= Huger Pratt   United States 97 15 82
8= Charles Sands   United States 85 3 82
10 Héctor Beéche   Chile 101 18 83
11 George Hetley   Great Britain 98 14 84
12 Alexandros Merkati   Greece 108 23 85
13 Walter Rutherford   Scotland 84 +2 86
14= E. H. Robinson   Great Britain 96 8 88
14= Francis Brewster   Great Britain 96 8 88
14= John Daunt   France 93 5 88
14= Edward Digby   Great Britain 103 15 88
18 Hamilton Markes   Great Britain 105 15 90
19 Léon Legrand   France 106 14 92
  1. ^ Also won a putting contest.[49]
  2. ^ a b The official report lists Dove in 4th, with no mention of Thorne.

Men's professional

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Rank Player Nation Round 1 Round 2 Total
1 Chevalier   France 87 83 170
2 Frank Phillips   France 92 93 185

References

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  1. ^ "Concours Hippique". L'Écho de Paris (in French). 31 May 1900. p. 3. Retrieved 6 March 2022 – via Retro News.
  2. ^ "L'Hippique; Au concours international". Le Journal (in French). 30 May 1900. p. 3. Retrieved 6 March 2022 – via Retro News.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Le Concours Hippique". Journal des Sports (in French). 30 May 1900. p. 2. Retrieved 6 March 2022 – via Retro News.
  4. ^ "Haegeman". Le Figaro (in French). 26 August 1902. p. 4. Retrieved 6 March 2022 – via Retro News.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "Le Concours Hippique; Journee du 29 Mai". La France Militaire (in French). 30 May 1900. p. 3. Retrieved 6 March 2022 – via Retro News.
  6. ^ https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/223660
  7. ^ https://man8rove.com/fr/profile/tpg8k0b4t-charles-de-bethune
  8. ^ Woelmont, Henry de (1923). Notices généalogiques (in French). pp. 123–124.
  9. ^ https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/33363
  10. ^ https://www.maisondebethune.org/personnalites/
  11. ^ https://gw.geneanet.org/ffj?lang=en&pz=jonas&nz=faoro&p=marie+joseph+jacques+victor+charles&n=de+bethune+des+planques
  12. ^ https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/12354
  13. ^ https://www.retronews.fr/journal/la-vie-au-grand-air/10-juin-1900/239/2764803/7
  14. ^ https://www.ladepeche.fr/2023/12/31/ca-bouleverse-toute-lhistoire-olympique-de-lequitation-un-champion-gersois-rehabilite-124-ans-apres-11668782.php
  15. ^ https://lejournaldugers.fr/article/72375-alfred-gardere-du-houga-unique-gersois-medaille-dor-olympique
  16. ^ a b "Constant et Charles Van Langhendonck". Le Figaro (in French). 26 August 1902. p. 4. Retrieved 6 March 2022 – via Retro News.
  17. ^ a b "Concours International". La Vie au grand air (in French). No. 91. 10 June 1900. p. 510. Retrieved 6 March 2022 – via Gallica.
  18. ^ https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/english-garden-cities-introduction/english-garden-cities/
  19. ^ https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Ebenezer_Howard/x_PBEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22georges+kryn%22+%22raoul+lahy%22&pg=PA173&printsec=frontcover
  20. ^ https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/302109
  21. ^ https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/131477
  22. ^ https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bd6t54282652/f2.item.r=%22Henri%20de%20Traversay%22.zoom
  23. ^ "Des Napoléons dans la grande guerre". Fondation Napoléon. Retrieved 20 February 2022.
  24. ^ http://www.nplg.gov.ge/dadiani/en/salome.html
  25. ^ https://ik-ptz.ru/lv/matematika/tuzemnaya-konnaya-diviziya-dikaya-diviziya.html
  26. ^ https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3263685t/f2.item
  27. ^ https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5842168/f3.item
  28. ^ https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6475922b/f71.item
  29. ^ https://queerstoryfiles.blogspot.com/2020/12/olympic-400.html
  30. ^ Les maréchaux de Napoléon III: leur famille et leur descendance By Joseph Valynseele and Jean Tulard (1980)
  31. ^ https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k528239r/f2.item
  32. ^ https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k46025618/f9.item
  33. ^ https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k2910631/f3.item
  34. ^ https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/120686
  35. ^ "Petites Nouvelles". Le Matin (in French). 24 May 1897. p. 3. Retrieved 6 March 2022 – via Retro News. M. Pierre-Etienne Dillon, sous-lieutenant au 13e régiment de hussards, fils du comte Arthur Dillon, et Mlle Charlotte-Jeanne Digeon.
  36. ^ "Mariages". Le Triboulet (in French). 1 August 1897. p. 13. Retrieved 9 March 2022 – via Retro News. vicomte Pierre Dillon, officier au 13e hussards, fils du comte et de le comtesse Dillon, avec Mlle Jeanne Digeon, fille du baron et de la baronne Digeon.
  37. ^ a b c d e f g h "Le Concours Hippique; Journee du 31 Mai". La France Militaire (in French). 1 June 1900. p. 2. Retrieved 6 March 2022 – via Retro News.
  38. ^ https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/247742
  39. ^ http://www.hussards-photos.com/France/France_ALB_2_LieutenantsColonels.htm
  40. ^ https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr/ui/notice/102859
  41. ^ a b c d "Le Concours Hippique (1)". L'Acclimatation des animaux et des plantes (in French). p. 289–290. Retrieved 6 March 2022 – via Gallica.
  42. ^ "Equestrian-jumping/individual-mixed". Olympics.com. Retrieved 2021-09-05.
  43. ^ "Les Dieux De L'Olympe". La Nouvelle République (in French). 6 October 2011. Retrieved 6 March 2022.
  44. ^ a b c d "Le Concours Hippique". La France Militaire (in French). 5 June 1900. p. 3. Retrieved 8 March 2022 – via Retro News.
  45. ^ a b c d "Concours Hippique". L'Écho de Paris (in French). 4 June 1900. p. 3. Retrieved 8 March 2022 – via Retro News.
  46. ^ a b c d e f g Megnin, Paul (8 July 1900). "Chevaux Sauters". La Vie au grand air (in French). No. 95. p. 558. Retrieved 4 March 2022 – via Retro News.
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  48. ^ https://www.olympedia.org/results/925229
  49. ^ https://www-newspapers-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/image/73805375/
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