Holy Roman Empire Sacrum Romanum Imperium | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
962–1806 | |||||||||||||||
Anthem: officially none, de facto Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser (after 1797) "God Save Emperor Francis" | |||||||||||||||
Capital | No official capital, various imperial seats[a] | ||||||||||||||
Common languages | Various[b] | ||||||||||||||
Religion | Roman Catholicism[c] Protestantism[d] | ||||||||||||||
Government | Elective monarchy | ||||||||||||||
Emperor | |||||||||||||||
• 962–973 | Otto I (first) | ||||||||||||||
• 1792–1806 | Francis II (last) | ||||||||||||||
Legislature | Imperial Diet | ||||||||||||||
Historical era | Middle Ages Early modern period | ||||||||||||||
2 February 962 | |||||||||||||||
2 February 1033 | |||||||||||||||
25 September 1555 | |||||||||||||||
24 October 1648 | |||||||||||||||
2 December 1805 | |||||||||||||||
• Francis II abdicated | 6 August 1806 | ||||||||||||||
Population | |||||||||||||||
• 1200 | 5,000,000[1] | ||||||||||||||
• 1500 | 16,000,000[2][3] | ||||||||||||||
• 1618 | 21,000,000[4] | ||||||||||||||
• 1648 | 16,000,000[4] | ||||||||||||||
• 1786 | 26,265,000[5] | ||||||||||||||
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- ^ "Atlas of Europe in the Middle Ages", Ostrovski, Rome, 1998, page 70
- ^ John Pike. "Holy Roman Empire - 1500 - The German Empire".
- ^ "Reich und Glaubensspaltung, Deutschland 1500-1600".
- ^ a b "Introduction to Global Politics".
- ^ "Nation und Nationalismus in Deutschland, 1770-1990".