Sandbox 2

Page History

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Title Written Posted Deleted
Atlantic U-boat campaign WWI Aug 2009 Aug 2009 Aug 2009 (reduced to refs)
Regenbogen (1945) Oct 09-Jan10 Jan 2010 Aug 2010 (reduced to Conclusion, Tables)
Regenbogen (1943) Dec09-Jan 10 Jan 2010 Aug 2010 (reduced to refs)
May massacre Jan 2020 - -
Q-ships Aug 2010 - -
  • Kemp, Paul (1997). U-Boats Destroyed. London: Arms and Armour. ISBN 1854095153. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthor= (help)
  • Grey, Edwyn (1972). The Killing Time: The U-boat war, 1914–18. London: Seeley. ISBN 0854220704. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthor= (help)
  • Halpern, Paul (1995). A Naval History of World War I. New York: Routledge. ISBN 1857284984. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthor= (help)
  • Messimer, Dwight (2001). Find and Destroy : Antisubmarine Warfare in World War I. Annapolis: Naval Institute. ISBN 1557504474. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthor= (help)
  • Tarrant, V.E. (1989). The U-Boat Offensive 1914–1945. London: Arms and Armour. ISBN 0853689288. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthor= (help)

Operation Regenbogen (1945)

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(Link: Operation Regenbogen (U-boat))

Regenbogen was the code name for the planned mass scuttling of the German U-boat fleet, to avoid surrender, at the end of World War II.

Conclusion

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Certainly by 1am on 5 May at least 76 boats had already been wrecked, about half the total. On 5th May, and subsequently, another 89 were wrecked/scuttled, all in North German ports.

Neistle gives the total of U-boats scuttled as 195, of which half were destroyed before, and half after, the Regenbogen order was given. Of the boats destroyed, all but 11/184 were Home-based/non-operational "Home" boats in North German ports. [1] 11 were Front boats, including/and these include those fatally damaged in the May massacre and subsequently scuttled by their crews.

On 8 May 1945 the surviving U-boats were surrendered to the Allied navies, either at sea or at their operational bases in Norway and on the North Sea coast, ending the German navy's war at sea.

Tables

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U-Boats scuttled in May 1945

7th May 1945

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Date U-Boat[16] Location[17]
7 May 1945 U-1406 Cuxhaven
U-1407 "

Notes

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  1. ^ Neistle p 202
  2. ^ Neistle p
  3. ^ Blair p
  4. ^ Neistle p
  5. ^ Blair p
  6. ^ Neistle p198
  7. ^ Blair p815-7
  8. ^ Neistle; listed in Kemp (p257) as destroyed in an air attack east of Samsø
  9. ^ Neistle, Blair; listed in Kemp (p258) as destroyed in an air atack in the Great Belt.
  10. ^ Neistle p199
  11. ^ Blair p815-7
  12. ^ Neistle p199
  13. ^ Blair p815-7
  14. ^ Neistle p199
  15. ^ Blair p815-7
  16. ^ Neistle p199
  17. ^ Blair p815-7

References

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[[Category:

Operation Regenbogen (1942)

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(Link: Operation Regenbogen (Arctic))

Operation Regenbogen (Ger: "Rainbow") was the sortie into the Arctic Ocean by the German warship units of the German navy during World War II.

This operation culminated in the Battle of the Barents Sea

References

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  • Clay Blair : Hitler’s U-Boat War Vol II (1998) ISBN 0-304-35261-6 (p 153-155
  • Stephen Roskill : The War at Sea 1939-1945 Vol II (1956).ISBN (none) (p 291-298
  • B B Schofield : The Russian Convoys (1964) ISBN (none)


[[Category:Naval battles and operations of World War II (European theatre)

May massacre

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As the Allied armies closed in on the submarine/U-boat bases in North Germany, many boats were scuttled to avoid capture; those that were of use/most value?serviceable fled to Norway, resulting in a massacre by Allied Air Forces.

23 boats were sunk in the Baltic, while attempting this journey in the first week in May. while in the same period .. boats were scuttled to avoid capture.[1][2][3]

Books

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  • Blair p.676
  • Price p.220-221
  • Roskill p.300-301

Table

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Date U-boat Type Location[4] Notes
(1 May 1945 U-398 VIIC North Sea, unknown location disappeared (? outside article parameter)[5] [6])
2 May 1945 U-1007 VIIC41 Baltic, off Lubeck
53°54′N 11°28′E / 53.900°N 11.467°E / 53.900; 11.467
annon, rocket attack by Typhoons of 245 Sqdn.[7] [8]
2 May 1945 U-2359 XXIII Kattegat
{{coord (x)
rocket attack by Banff Wing Mosquitos on two Type XXIII U-boats; one damaged, U-2359 sunk[9] [10]
3 May 1945 U-2503 XXI -Baltic, N of Fyn I.
55°37′N 0°00′E / 55.617°N 0.000°E / 55.617; 0.000
Rocket, cannon attack by Beaufighters of 236, 254 Sqdns: U-boat beached; abandoned/scuttled[11] [12]
3 May 1945 U-1210 VIIC Eckernforde Bay
54°26′N 09°34′E / 54.433°N 9.567°E / 54.433; 9.567
Air attack by Typhoons of 175, 184, 245 Sqdns, sank 3 and damaged 2 U-boats in sweeps across the Kattegat[13] [14]
3 May 1945 U-2540 XXI Great Belt
{{coord (X)
air attack, as U-1210; damaged and later scuttled. Raised 1947 as Wilhelm Bauer[15] [16]
3 May 1945 U-3030 XXI Baltic, E of Fredericke
55°30′N 10°00′E / 55.500°N 10.000°E / 55.500; 10.000
air attack, as U-1210; destroyed [17] [18]
3 May 1945 U-3032 XXI Baltic, E of Fredericke
55°30′N 10°00′E / 55.500°N 10.000°E / 55.500; 10.000
air attack, as U-1210; destroyed [19] [20]
3 May 1945 U-2524 XXI Baltic, E of Samso (x) Rocket, cannon attack by Beaufighters of 236, 254 Sqdns[21] [22]
3 May 1945 U-3028 XXI Great Belt (x) air attack[23] [24]
(4 May 1945 U-711 VIIC Harstad (x) air attack (Operation Judgement. (? outside article parameter)[25] [26])
4 May 1945 U-236 VIIC Baltic, N of Fyn I.
54°37′N 10°03′E / 54.617°N 10.050°E / 54.617; 10.050
air attack; as U-2338[27] [28]
4 May 1945 U-393 VIIC Baltic, N of Fyn I.
55°37′N 10°00′E / 55.617°N 10.000°E / 55.617; 10.000
air attack; as U-2338[29] [30]
4 May 1945 U-2338 XXIII Baltic, N of Fyn I.
55°54′N 09°49′E / 55.900°N 9.817°E / 55.900; 9.817
Rocket, cannon attack by Beaufighters of 236, 254 Sqdns on three U-boats in Baltic. All destroyed[31] [32]
5 May 1945 U-534 IXC40 Kattegat, N of Helsingor
56°39′N 11°48′E / 56.650°N 11.800°E / 56.650; 11.800
air attack by Libs E/547 and G/86 Sqdns on three U-boats; U-534 sunk. Raised; now in museum at Liverpool[33] [34]
5 May 1945 U-579 VIIC Baltic, Little Belt
56°11′N 11°08′E / 56.183°N 11.133°E / 56.183; 11.133
air attack, Lib K/547 Sqdn. Originally credited to Lib T/224 Sqdn; that attack damaged U-1008/[35] [36]
(5 May 1945 U-2367 XXIII Baltic, Great Belt
55°00′N 11°00′E / 55.000°N 11.000°E / 55.000; 11.000
collision with unknown U-boat. Raised as Hecht[37] [38])
5 May 1945 U-2365 XXIII Kattegat
{{coord (x)
air attack, Lib S/224 Sqdn; damaged and scuttled. Raised as Hai[39] [40]
5 May 1945 U-2521 XXI Baltic, SE of Aarhus
{{coord (x)
air attack, ?Lib K/547Sqdn[41] [42]
5 May 1945 U-3523 XXI Baltic, SE of Aarhus
56°06′N 11°08′E / 56.100°N 11.133°E / 56.100; 11.133
D/c by Lib G/86 Sqdn[43] [44]
( 6 May 1945 U-853
U-881
IXC/40
IXC/40
destroyed off US east coast
western N Atlantic
last actions of USN in Battle of the Atlantic.[45] [46] )
6 May 1945 U-1008 VIIC41 Skagerrak
56°22′N 11°10′E / 56.367°N 11.167°E / 56.367; 11.167
Air attack; damaged by Lib T /224 Sqdn(K p.259); credited to Lib K/86 Sqdn[47] [48]
6 May 1945 U-2534 XXI Baltic, Kattegat
57°08′N 11°32′E / 57.133°N 11.533°E / 57.133; 11.533
Air attack by Lib K/86 Sqdn[49] [50]
6/8 May 1945 U-3503 XXI Baltic, nr Gothenburg
{{coord (x)
air attack 6th by Lib K/86 Sqdn, scuttled 8th[51] [52]
(7 May 1945 U-320 VIIC Norwegian Sea (x) d/c by Catalina of /210 Sqdn; last action of Battle of the Atlantic.[53] [54] )
9 May 1945 U-2538 XXI Marstal, SW of Aero I.
54°34′N 10°16′E / 54.567°N 10.267°E / 54.567; 10.267
mined, beached , abandoned[55] [56]

Table 2

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(source: Niestle p.198-199)

Date U-boat Type Cause of loss Notes
2 May 1945 U-1007 VIIC/41 AL .
2 May 1945 U-2359 XXIII AL .
3 May 1945 U-1210 XXI AL .
3 May 1945 U-3012 XXI AL (ubt.net has scuttled off Fehmarn; not listed by Kemp, Tarrant)
3 May 1945 U-3032 XXI AL .
3 May 1945 U-2524 XXI SC .
3 May 1945 U-3028 XXI SC .
3 May 1945 U-2534 XXI SC .
4 May 1945 U-2503 XXI AL .
4 May 1945 U-2540 XXI SC .
4 May 1945 U-711 VIIC AS .
4 May 1945 U-2338 XXIII AL .
4 May 1945 U-2521 XXI AL .
5 May 1945 U-236 VIIC SC .
5 May 1945 U-393 VIIC SC .
5 May 1945 U-534 IXC40 AL .
5 May 1945 U-579 VIIC AL .
6 May 1945 U- 3523 XXI AL .
6 May 1945 U-853 IXC40 S .
6 May 1945 U-881 IXC40 S .
6 May 1945 U-1008 VIIC41 SC .
8 May 1945 U-3030 XXI SC .
8 May 1945 U-2365 XXIII SC .
8 May 1945 U-3503 XXI SC .
8 May 1945 U-320 VIIC AL .
8 May 1945 U-2538 XXI SC .
9 May 1945 U-2367 XXIII SC .

Notes

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  1. ^ Blair p.676
  2. ^ Price p.220-221
  3. ^ Roskill p.300-301
  4. ^ Locations per Kemp; other sources may differ
  5. ^ Kemp p. 256
  6. ^ Niestle p.
  7. ^ Kemp p. 256
  8. ^ Niestle p.
  9. ^ Kemp p. 256
  10. ^ Niestle p.
  11. ^ Kemp p. 256
  12. ^ Niestle p.
  13. ^ Kemp p. 257
  14. ^ Niestle p.
  15. ^ Kemp p. 257
  16. ^ Niestle p.
  17. ^ Kemp p. 257
  18. ^ Niestle p.
  19. ^ Kemp p. 257
  20. ^ Niestle p.
  21. ^ Kemp p. 257
  22. ^ Niestle p.
  23. ^ Kemp p. 257-8
  24. ^ Niestle p.
  25. ^ Kemp p. 258
  26. ^ Niestle p.
  27. ^ Kemp p. 258
  28. ^ Niestle p.
  29. ^ Kemp p. 258
  30. ^ Niestle p.
  31. ^ Kemp p. 258
  32. ^ Niestle p.
  33. ^ Kemp p. 258-9
  34. ^ Niestle p.
  35. ^ Kemp p. 259
  36. ^ Niestle p.
  37. ^ Kemp p. 259
  38. ^ Niestle p.
  39. ^ Kemp p. 259
  40. ^ Niestle p.
  41. ^ Kemp p. 259-260
  42. ^ Niestle p.
  43. ^ Kemp p. 256
  44. ^ Niestle p.
  45. ^ Kemp p. 260
  46. ^ Niestle p.
  47. ^ Kemp p. 259, 260
  48. ^ Niestle p.
  49. ^ Kemp p. 260-61
  50. ^ Niestle p.
  51. ^ Kemp p. 256
  52. ^ Niestle p.
  53. ^ Kemp p. 261
  54. ^ Niestle p.
  55. ^ Kemp p. 256
  56. ^ Niestle p.

Sources

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  • Clay Blair : Hitler's U-Boat War Vol II:The Hunted 1942-1945 (1998). ISBN 0-304-35261-6
  • Axel Niestle (1998) German U-Boat Losses during World War II. Greenhill Books ISBN 1 85367 352 8
  • Price, Alfred : Aircraft versus Submarine in Two World Wars (2004) Pen & Sword ISBN 1 84415 091 7
  • Roskill, Stephen The War at Sea Vol III pt 2 (1961, HMSO: reprint 2004 naval & Military Press) ISBN 1-84342-806-7

List of Q-ships

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This is a list of Q-ships operated by the Royal Navy during World War I.

References

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  • Auten, Harold : "Q" boat adventures: the exploits of the famous mystery ships (1919): (reprint 2003 Periscope Publishing ISBN 1-904381-10-3)
  • Chatterton, E Keble : Q-Ships and Their Story. (1922) ISBN (none)
  • Grey, Edwyn (1972)The Killing Time Seeley ISBN 0 85422 070 4
  • Jane's Fighting Ships of World War I (1919)(reprinted 1990) Studio Editions ISBN 1 85170 378 0
  • Messimer, Dwight Find and Destroy (2001) Naval Institute ISBN 1 55750 447 4
  • Ritchie, Carson: Q-Ships. (1985) ISBN 0-86138-011-8
  • Tarrant, VE The U-Boat Offensive 1914-1945 (1989) Arms and Armour ISBN 0 85368 928 8

Inverlyon

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(from HM Armed Smack Inverlyon: reference samples)

...Inverlyon's crew | ship name + apostrophe

...were to be sunk,[1] |(old style), to [2] (new style)

...the crewmen of Inverlyon split the submarine bounty paid by the Admiralty.[Note 1]

...Jehan, in addition to his DSC, was subsequently specially promoted to lieutenant on 4 January 1916 for his war service;[3] he retired from the Royal Navy on 29 October 1920.[4] |Gazette

Notes

  1. ^ Admiralty bounties were typically £5 per crewman on the submarine.

References

  1. ^ Tarrant, p. 14.
  2. ^ Tarrant 1989, p. 14. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFTarrant1989 (help)
  3. ^ "No. 29431". The London Gazette. 7 January 1916. p. 340.
  4. ^ "No. 32114". The London Gazette. 5 November 1920. p. 10754.

Bibliography