[I moved your work here - Dr. Edwards]
These are my recommendations for revising the article: Environmental gentrification
Copied content from Environmental gentrification.
Urban planning and sustainability
editCities and individuals are responding the ecological crisis through eco-friendly planning and actions. Currently, the United Nations estimates that approximately 54% of the world's inhabitants are living in cities. This number is expected to increase to 66% by the year 2050.[1] In many ways, the city functions like a metabolic organism, extracting, using and disposing of resources across space and time. But “gentrification” phenomenon has much remarked and studied for at least the past 50 years, but still which is a difficult term to define, and even more difficult to measure. [2] Therefore, studying the urban environment can often reveal spatial positions of power.[3] For example, in the United States there is a negative correlation between the provision of urban green spaceand African-American and Hispanic populations.[4] Spaces that are provided tend to have a lack in municipal upkeep and policing.[5] Additionally, green space in affluent neighbourhoods tend to promote activities for wealthy citizens which help to maintain a certain social order.[6] What type of future will be created in the environment being created? Can we survive? What is the world that must be created for the coming generations. City districts are creating projects that are furthering revenue managing sustainability and resilience challenges. [7]
Sustainability is a tool that has been used by governments and developers to promote green initiatives in cities.[8]Growing out of the promotion of sustainable development for developing countries, sustainability emerged as a global proposal at the 1992 United Nations Earth Summit. In theory, sustainability is achievable through a balance of three pillars - economy, environment and social equity.[9] However, in practice it still remains a challenge.[10] The social equity portion of sustainability is concerned with providing local communities ability to participate in decision-making as well as benefit from development projects.[10] Public participation aims to ensure that local concerns and needs are met. Rapid growth may arise in a global issue, reason being too much population will result in pollution and socio-economic disparities. Tracking progress of growth can help determine pros and cons to find area of improvement. [11]
In many examples, the redevelopment of brownsites (post-industrial areas) have become foundations for large-scale urban greening redevelopment. These sites are typical of past industrial landscapes - near the downtown core and waterfront and in need of environmental remediation. [12] Environmental redevelopments often promote sustainability through urban planning mechanisms such as new urbanism which promotes that planning that focus on building cities that are livableand walkable.[13][8] Cities are branching out on always creating sustainable pathways for better efficiency to grow. City leaders can seek changes through economical, political and physical spectrums. It all starts with the people in which the urban environment is put into action everyday. [14]
- ^ Nations, United (2014). "World urbanization prospects: the 2014 revision, highlights". Population Division United Nations.
- ^ Maantay, Juliana A.; Maroko, Andrew R. (2018/10). "Brownfields to Greenfields: Environmental Justice Versus Environmental Gentrification". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 15 (10): 2233. doi:10.3390/ijerph15102233. PMC 6210586. PMID 30321998.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Heynen, Nik; Kaika, Maria; Swyngedouw, Eric. "Urban political ecology". Urban Political Ecology and the Politics of Urban Metabolism.
- ^ Wen, Ming (2013). "Spatial disparities in the distribution of parks and green spaces in the USA". Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 45 (Suppl 1): 18–27. doi:10.1007/s12160-012-9426-x. PMC 3590901. PMID 23334758.
- ^ Brownlow, Alec (2006). "Inherited fragmentations and narratives of environmental control and entrepreneurial Philadelphia". In the Nature of Cities: Urban Political Ecology and the Politics of Urban Metabolism: 208–225.
- ^ Dooling, Sarah (2008). "Ecological gentrification: re-negotiating justice in the city". Critical Planing. 15: 40–57.
- ^ Baker, Lawrence, ed. (2018-07-03), "Situating Urban Drought Resilience", Sustainability, NYU Press, pp. 124–146, ISBN 978-1-4798-9456-7, retrieved 2020-12-03
- ^ a b Quastel, Noah (2009). "Political ecologies of gentrifiction". Urban Geography. 7: 694–725.
- ^ Adams, W. M. (2009). "The future of sustainability: re-thinking environment and development in the twenty-first century". Report for the IUCN Renowned Thinkings Meeting.
- ^ a b Gould, Kenneth A.; Lewis, Tammy L. (2016). Green gentrification: urban sustainability and the struggle for environmental justice. Routledge.
- ^ Cohen, Matthew (2017). "A Systematic Review of Urban Sustainability Assessment Literature". MDPI.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ "Environmental Gentrification". Critical Sustainabilities. 2013-09-11. Retrieved 2020-10-15.
- ^ Kuntsler, James Howard (1998). Home from nowhere: remaking our everyday world for the twenty-first century. A touchstone book.
- ^ Muñoz-Erickson, Tischa; Miller, Clark; Miller, Thaddeus (2017-06-10). "How Cities Think: Knowledge Co-Production for Urban Sustainability and Resilience". Forests. 8 (6): 203. doi:10.3390/f8060203. ISSN 1999-4907.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)