The Atlantic House (or A-House as it is known for short) in Provincetown, Massachusetts is a drinking establishment that has been in continual operation on the tip of Cape Cod for over two centuries. [1]
Having been an openly gay-friendly establishment for half a century and discretely so for perhaps twice that long, the Atlantic House is an excxellent contender for the oldest gay bar in the United States. Frommer's calls it "the nation's premier gay bar". [1][2][3]
The oldest part of the building (now the left wing) was constructed in 1798 by Daniel Pease, Provincetown's first postmaster. Pease operated the building as a tavern although the name of the establishment at this time, if it had one, is uncertain.
After Pease's death from cholera in 1834, the business was purchased by Benjamin Allstrum and became known as the Allstrum House. It served as the last stagecoach stop of the Orleans to Provincetown route until the arrival of the train in 1873.[1][4]
When Allstrum died in 1871, Frank Potter Smith, a Portuguese sailor who had arrived in town by sea at the age of eighteen, bought the Allstrum House. At some point, the original structure was joined with a much larger adjacent structure that was fitted with guest rooms. Smith renamed the business "Atlantic House Hotel" and it has been called the Atlantic House since. [1][5]
In the early 20th century, as the whaling industry that had been Provincetown's lifeblood since its foundation decreased in importance, the area became a mecca for artists and writers. As events leading up to World War I made overseas travel hazardous, the Bohemian lifestyle took strong hold in Provincetown and Atlantic House became a center for their social activity. [6]
In 1917, after the United States had entered World War I, Reuben Kelly, a member of the Masonic Lodge next door, arrested to alledged spies at gun point in the dinng room of Atlantic House Hotel: playwright Eugene O'Neill (who had recently won a Pulitzer Prize) and his author friend Harold de Polo. Suspicions centered around a black box the men had carried out to the dunes near a government radio station in Truro. Rather than containing apparatus for signalling the Kaiser's forces, the box was found to contain a Smith Corona typewriter. [6]
A plaque on the exterior of the Atlantic House today commemmorates the time that O'Neill spent here during the 1910's and 1920's and notes that part of The Iceman Cometh was written during his stay here. The Atlantic House was a hangout for other literati of the period. One, Tennessee Williams, can be seen in photos that now hang in the bar in which he cavorts nude with male friends on the beach.[1]
In 1950, Reginald "Reggie" Cabral and Mr. and Mrs. Frank J. Hurst bought the A-House. Cabral, who worked as manager, soon took over full ownership and made the long discretely gay friendly establishment openly so. Cabral, a collector of art, graced the establishment with such decorative accents as a carved wooden figurehead said to come from the last whaling ship to operate out of Provincetown Harbor and signed works by Andy Warhol and Keith Harring. [1]
For the past several decades the property has consisted of five parts. There is the original tavern, now known as the Little Bar, an intimate space with a fireplace and jukebox. Upstairs from it is the Macho Bar, a space primarily for leather men and decorated accordingly with IML posters, Tom of Finland images, etc. In the larger wing, the ground floor is the main nightclub with dancefloor. The area upstairs from this, once hotel rooms, has mostly been (and is currently) used only for storage. A small building directly across Masonic Way (the short, pedestrian way on Commercial Street where the A-House is located) was long-used as a storage space but is now a restaurant called Grand Central. In the 1990s a sixth area was added, an enclosed exterior area in back and to the right of the large building which greatly expanded the nightclub's capacity. [1]
One reviewer wrote:
...even with the competition the A-House draws in the most boys to dance on its small dance floor and to hang out on the large outdoor patio. During the summer months, you can't go wrong by choosing the A-House to dance. [7]
In addition to whatever other elements are present, most areas of the Atlantic House convey a "nautical feel" through decorative elements as harpoons and oars attached to the ceiling.
References and notes
edit- ^ a b c d e f g [1] The History of Atlantic House
- ^ Café Lafitte in Exile in New Orleans, Louisiana purports to be the oldest gay bar in the country but an investigation of that etsablishment's website and a few other sources failed to reveal the dates or specifics upon which that claim is based.
- ^ [2] Frommer's review of The Atlantic House
- ^ Having been replaced in popularity by the advent of automobile transportation, trains have not come this far down Cape Cod for many generations.
- ^ It is hard not to notice that "Frank Potter Smith" is not a Portugese name. Sources consulted for this article do not explain this but two possibilities are that this is an Anglicisation of a Portugese name (Ferreiro?) or that Smith was of English ethnicity but came to Provincetown via Portugal.
- ^ a b [3] Historical Timeline of Provincetown, Massachusetts
- ^ [4] Ptown's original and most popular dance club
...at the Atlantic House on Cape Cod, Eugene O'Neill was arrested at gun point as a spy for the Kaiser?