Denalikervella

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Introduction • Add more on the Introduction- there is no introduction to the article currently o Define ethics o Brief timeline of public sector ethics  Explain the history, major changes and what public sector ethics means today  What are some famous examples where public sector ethics came into play? -ie used by a politician or ruler

Section: Public Sector Ethics- include Overview, History, Notable People • Expand on the different “schools” of public sector ethics, if there are distinguishable viewpoints- what are the names for different ways to practice it? o Who are the pioneers and founding fathers behind public sector ethics in particular? What were their beliefs on what it encompasses and how does it relate to ethics in general?

Section: Similar to Public Ethics • How is public sector ethics relatable to “Government ethics” and “Regulatory ethics”? Wikipedia has proposed merging the public sector ethics articles into these for a reason- they have some common ground, but what are their differences?

Section: Study/Research of Public Sector Ethics • Add a paragraph about the study/research of public sector ethics- is it important for those studying Public Administration? What about those in Business or other fields of study? Sources/References • Keep existing references • Use new Wikipedia tool to cite sources at the bottom and hyperlink the source # at the end of the quote or idea. Currently, there are citations directly at the end of the sentence, which interrupts readability and the flow of the article. • Add more references- there are only 4 currently listed at the bottom. • “See more” section can probably be used to add references to what we have currently- it can also be cleaned up. Dennis Thompson appears 5 times in the “see more” section; his books may not be actually relevant. Do more research and add any books we might come across. • References to be used: o Jordan, S. R. (2014). The Innovation Imperative: An analysis of the ethics of the imperative to innovate in public sector service delivery. Public Management Review, 16(1), 67-89. doi:10.1080/14719037.2013.790274 o Zachwieja, J., Hentges, E., Hill, J. O., Black, R., & Vassileva, M. (2013). Public-private partnerships: the evolving role of industry funding in nutrition research. Advances In Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.), 4(5), 570-572. doi:10.3945/an.113.004382 o Eduard, Mitu Narcis. "Public Sector Ethics." Young Economists Journal / Revista Tinerilor Economisti 7.(2009): 27-30. Business Source Complete. Web. 16 Oct. 2015. o Hubbard, Ruth. "People: Hearts And Minds Towards Rebirth Of The Public Service Ethic." Public Administration & Development 17.1 (1997): 109-114. Business Source Complete. Web. 16 Oct. 2015. o Hebson, Gail, Damian Grimshaw, and Mick Marchington. "PPPs and the changing public sector ethos: case-study evidence from the health and local authority sectors." Work, Employment & Society 2003: 481. JSTOR Journals. Web. 16 Oct. 2015. o Fredrickson, H. George. Ethics and Public Administration. Portland: Book News Inc, 1993. Print. 16 Oct 2015 o Bailey, Stephen K. “Ethics and the Public Service.” Public Administration Review 1964: 234-243. JSTOR Journals. Web. 16 Oct. 2015. o Ciulla, Joanne B. “Ethics and Leadership Effectiveness.” The Ethics of Leadership 2002: Chapter 13. PDF. 16 Oct 2015. o Garofalo, Charles. "Where Should We Draw The Line?: Governance, Public Values, And Outsourcing National Security."Public Integrity 17.2 (2015): 189-202. Political Science Complete. Web. 16 Oct. 2015 o Sampford, C. G., Preston, N., & Bois, C. (1998). Public sector ethics [electronic resource] : finding and implementing values / edited by Charles Sampford and Noel Preston with C-A Bois. Leichhardt, NSW : Federation Press ; London ; New York : Routledge, 1998. o 4)Perkumienė, D., & Raupelienė, A. (2008). Ethics and Working Culture of Employees in the Public Sector. Management Of Organizations: Systematic Research, (46), 99-116.

Public Sector Ethics first section MorganMoore14 (talk) 17:35, 20 November 2015 (UTC)

Bold text FOR YOUR SANDBOX: Ethics raises the problem of good conduct. The question of ethics emerges in the public sector on account of its subordinate character. Public administration ethics covers relations among politicians, but particularly between the latter and the concerned parties in the outside world: elected public servants, the media, public sector entities, and individuals. LJUNGHOLM, D. d. (2015). ETHICAL VALUES IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR. Review Of Contemporary Philosophy, 1457-62.

Ensuring the ethical behavior in the public sector requires a permanent reflection on the decisions taken and their impact from a moral point of view on citizens. (Corodeanu) Agheorghiesei, D. (2015). Ethics and responsibility in public management. Revista De Asistenta Sociala (Social Work Review), 14(2), 103-112.

Politics and ethics

Public administrators act independently of legislators and most elected officials. This ensures that those on elections boards can operate independent and free of confliction from political influence. Unfortunately, enforcing ethical violations can lead to consequences for the public administrator. While an officer can enforce a law against an elected official, the elected official can place pressure on others to force the officer to work a night shift or decrease the department’s budget. The protection of positions from political pressure is known as safe harbor. Rohr would argue that politics and administration are not separate, but are present at the same time when a public administrator makes decisions. He states that the problem with public administrators “is not that bureaucrats are excessively involved in policy formulation but that they are involved at all. This is a problem for a democratic society because to influence public policy as a public official is to govern.[3] In other words, those officials who are influencing decisions are taking on the role of those elected by the public without a responsibility of having to answer to the public for decisions made. However, because there can be large political obstacles, it can be difficult for an administrator to overcome ethical concerns within an organization. Sometimes, the culture of an organization is unethical, at which time, it would be useless to bring up ethical concerns within the organization. In the public sector and nonprofits, when this is the case, individuals will often attempt to bring outside scrutiny on to the organization. This is typically done by leaking the ethical concerns to the general media. Such an act is known as whistleblowing. Bjr70 (talk) 17:43, 20 November 2015 (UTC)

Public Sector Ethics Contribution Eduard discusses how ethics is defined as, among others, the entirety of rules of proper moral conduct corresponding to the ideology of a particular society or organization. Gives a little bit of insight its ethics is suppose to function and how its effects public sectors. Eduard talks about how public sector ethics is an applicative type and changes value from culture to culture despite being different level of countries there is a growing reason behind what is good conduct and whats correct conduct with ethics. Eduard, Mitu Narcis. "Public Sector Ethics." Young Economists Journal / Revista Tinerilor Economisti 7.(2009): 27-30. Business Source Complete. Web. 16 Oct. 2015. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Blitzs20 (talk • contribs) 18:01, 20 November 2015 (UTC)

Ethical Climate in the Public Sector Ethical climate in the public sector refers to the psychological conditions present in the public sector workplace and how that influences a public sector employees ethical decision making. One way of interpreting public sector ethics if from a theoretical perspective a workers behavior is a function of their psychological field. It is theorized that understanding the ethical climate in which one works explains ones decisions making and can differentiate between and explain why one would make ethical or unethical choices. A study was done examining the ethical climate in the sector through analyzing surveys in which public sector employees responded to a variety of different scenarios where ethical decision making came into play. The researchers looked for correlations between ethical climate environments and the responses to this survey and found that certain ethical climates were linked to positive ethical decision making and some were linked to worse ethical decision making, supporting the researchers thesis.

Governments ethical orgins (already there)

The US office of government ethics was initiated by the ethics in government act of 1978 to provide overall leadership and policy direction for an ethics program in the Executive branch of government. This same picture is mirrored, albeit in a patchy way, across US state administrations.m Altogether the US model of Public sector ethics has become highly regulated and, some would say, cumbersome.

Reference: Preston, N. (2000). Local Government, Public Enterprise and Ethics (p. 11). Sydney: The Federation Press. J r186 (talk) 21:57, 20 November 2015 (UTC)