User talk:Dm14qk/Intercultural communication sandbox

Initial ideas and critiques

After reviewing the article i have noticed some things that could be improved upon. The fist thing I noticed is under the theories section of the article. It lists a huge amount of theories but only describes intercultural adaption in detail. This is an issue because instead of being neutral it seems like this is the only area that's being €All of the theories should be described thoroughly so that the article is more neutral. Another area that could use improvement is the fact that there is no section about overcoming conflict due to intercultural communication. It talks about the problems of intercultural communication but gives no solution on how to fix the on-going problem. I believe it is important to add a section about how to overcome conflict because it is relevant to the topic and should be the purpose of the article. Dm14qk (talk) 16:11, 16 September 2014 (UTC)

After reading the article on Intercultural Communication, I noticed in the first paragraph that intercultural communication is also called cross-cultural communication. I personally think that cross-cultural should be underlined in order to link to cross-culture so viewers can read about the similarities between cross-cultural communication and intercultural communication. In the first paragraph as well, intercultural business is introduced into the article early and in a bias form. Some headings throughout the article are referred to as cross-cultural and should be referred to as intercultural in comparison with the actual article title to refrain from confusion in terms. I also found there were some unnecessary information within the article non pertaining to intercultural communication. Under the heading of "management of intercultural communication" it includes a list of important points to consider, this list should be more specific as to the important points to consider when... when doing what? As well as many of the theories within the article could be summarized to a more readable length in order for readers to receive the best knowledge of the theories. A question as to whether all of the theories are necessary is also to be considered. I believe a good addition to the article is the "see also" section which may allow readers to expand on their readings. Ap14bq (talk) 21:28, 23 September 2014 (UTC)

while reviewing this article I noticed that the information provided under numerous headings were very repetitive and some information did not really pertain to the subject I believe we can improve on this be condensing the information provided and added useful points we find in other reliable resources. I agree with what Abby pointed out about the theories section in the article, there should be more information and examples added to it rather than just simplistic bullet points. this article could also be improved on by adding studies as proof to back up the information provided. For example in the section of "Problems in intercultural communication", the points seem almost opinionated, by adding facts based on several studies from credible sources it will the points more valid. There are several sections I have noticed that do not relate back to the primary subject, personally I feel it may be a good idea to try and tie a majority of the subsections back to the idea of intercultural communication. Jm14lp (talk) 02:39, 17 September 2014 (UTC)

After reading the article I agree that the "management of intercultural communication" section should be expanded upon more since it only includes brief points. The “problems in intercultural communication” section kind of goes off topic and does’t focus on intercultural communication as much as it should, this could be improved. Also visual images could be added to give the readers a better concept and view of intercultural communication. Finally I think that the sub-heading "Facilitation" should be be underlined to link to it’s description page to give readers a better understanding of that section. Cm13pj (talk) 19:23, 18 September 2014 (UTC)

Lynn's comments on initial critiques and moving forward

Good start. I've added some headings to help you organize your discussion. Feel free to change them to suit your group. You can comment to each others comments above (remember about indenting responses to create a threaded discussion. It seems like you've identified good opportunities. Keep in mind that you should use secondary sources. Also, just to let you know, you need to be logged in for me to be able to track your contributions and grad you. Don't forget to log in and sign your comments with the signature characters. LynnMcCleary (talk) 13:02, 23 September 2014 (UTC)

Making a plan

So I think we can all agree that there is some unnecessary information on here. We should narrow down all the different theories and find out which ones are important and which we should just take out all together. Is there any specific theories you guys find important ? I also agree some words need to have links to other pages ! Dm14qk (talk) 23:25, 22 September 2014 (UTC)

I think the theory focusing on acculturation and adjustment is one we can improve. There is not much information given but based on what I read it seems directly related back to the main topic of intercultural communication. the identity management theory is also important to the article however it does not have a sufficient amount of resources, we should look for sources pertaining to this subject and cite them properly as well as fixing the other citations. I think it would be best for us to meet and assign certain tasks in order to determine what areas were are adjusting and how to go about that. Jm14lp (talk) 17:54, 23 September 2014 (UTC)

I agree that a lot of the theories are unnecessary and do not need to be included in the article. It would be a good idea to assign maybe two people the job of eliminating theories, as there are a lot of them and it may be excessive if only one person is doing this. We definitely need more links on our page, I agree with that...More links that pertain directly to intercultural communication and less vague links. So maybe we could link things such as the bulleted list under intercultural communication competence, there are some key words in that section which could be helpful. I would also be willing to meet in a group to discuss roles we could take on to edit the article. Ap14bq (talk) 21:27, 23 September 2014 (UTC)

I agree with everything being said except the idea about eliminating some of the theories. I don’t think that the contributors to this page would be happy if we delete some of their work. Therefore I think we should improve it and add to it using resources and make it more clear and tie the theories together with intercultural communication. I also agree that we should meet as a group to determine roles and discuss this further. Cm13pj (talk) 03:26, 24 September 2014 (UTC)

I think a group meeting is a great idea. When would you guys be free to meet up ? Dm14qk (talk) 14:08, 24 September 2014 (UTC)

We should really meet up tomorrow or tuesday. Either works best for me. Connor (talk) 18:17, 28 September 2014 (UTC)

What did the group decide to focus on? I notice that you have a lot of variation in your sources. I think it will be easier for you if you are all reading the same kind of information. Please feel free to meet with me. --LynnMcCleary (talk) 22:33, 7 October 2014 (UTC)

So I’m not really sure what exactly you guys want to change or improve because we haven’t talked about it as a group but I think that some theories should be moved to the see also page. I don’t think we should take them out all together because that could be offensive to someone who took part in creating this page. Like Lynn said we’re focusing solely on the communication part of this and some of the theories just are not directly related. I think that the theories focusing on social engineering effective outcomes and communication networks should be moved to see also. They are very vague and from what I can read, do not correspond highly with intercultural communication. I think that these are the areas to add/build upon. Dm14qk (talk) 16:13, 7 October 2014 (UTC)

The first has to do with intercultural communication competence. I feel like it is touched on but not as detailed as it should be. I believe that this source is one that can help. It is about intercultural communication competence. How there is multiple-disciplinary perspectives.I am taking it out from the library to get more of an insight about what it is about entirely. I will update on here as I find out. Here is the URL: [1]Dm14qk (talk) 16:13, 7 October 2014 (UTC)

Lustig, M. W., & Koester, J. (2010). Intercultural competence : interpersonal communication across cultures / Myron W. Lustig, Jolene Koester. Boston : Pearson/Allyn & Bacon, c2010.Dm14qk (talk) 16:13, 7 October 2014 (UTC)

The second thing I think that needs to be added is solutions to overcoming intercultural communications. I found a book that may work to explain solutions. It is about how they solve conflicts in relation to intercultural communicaiton. I cannot access this article yet but I am working on it because I think it will work. Here is the URL: [2]Dm14qk (talk) 16:13, 7 October 2014 (UTC)

Young, J. O., & Brunk, C. G. (2009). The ethics of cultural appropriation [electronic resource] / edited by James O. Young and Conrad G. Brunk. Chichester, U.K. ; Malden, MA : Wiley-Blackwell, 2009.Dm14qk (talk) 16:13, 7 October 2014 (UTC)

The last thing I believe needs to be added to is information about acculturation. I feel like it relates directly to the topic at hand. So we should add more about it. This is good for us because intercultural communication has to do with sharing information across different cultures and if immigrants adapt better this way it is improving intercultural communication. I have taken out this book and will update with further information on it. This is the URL : [3] Dm14qk (talk) 00:12, 30 September 2014 (UTC)

Herskovits, M. J. (1958). Acculturation : the study of culture contact.--. Gloucester, Mass. : P. Smith, 1958. Dm14qk (talk) 16:13, 7 October 2014 (UTC)

I believe that we should all put down our 3 sources, and see if any overlap, or if we think we should expand on the same ones and kind of go from there as to what we are really editing within the article, seeing as we are not editing all of it. Below I have three sources for what I think should be expanded on within the wiki article. We also need to set up a date to meet and talk, or need to find a convenient email etc to talk in so we can communicate clearly! Ap14bq (talk) 03:23, 8 October 2014 (UTC)

Source URL: [4] The above link talks mainly about linguistics and communicating with other cultures, I think this is a narrow enough concept that we can really focus on this... and I also think it is very important because verbal communication is very prominent, and language changes throughout cultures. This source focuses mainly on language and linguistics in specific and not communication.

Citation: Akmajian Adrian, Demers Richard, Farmer Ann, Harnish Robert. 2001. Linguistics An Introduction to Language and Communication. Communication and Cognitive Science. pp.355.

Ap14bq (talk) 03:23, 8 October 2014 (UTC)

Source URL: [http://books.google.ca/books?id=xt7KAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT19&dq=intercultural+communication&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Z6k0VO7JL4uNyASRq4GoCg&sqi=2&ved=0CDoQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=intercultural%20communication&f=false}In contrast to my previous citation, I was thinking we could discuss the differences between verbal and nonverbal intercultural communication. The source below talks about how nonverbal communication is critical to intercultural communication and I think that it is broad enough for all of us to contribute from different sources.

Citation: Samovar Larry, Porter Richard, McDaniel Edwin, Roy Carolyn. 2006. Intercultural Communication A Reader. Nonverbal Communication. pp13.

Ap14bq (talk) 03:23, 8 October 2014 (UTC)

Source URL: [5]

The source above discusses language in relation to culture, in both ways verbally and nonverbally. This source talks about the two subjects relatively vaguely and would be helpful as an overview, again focusing on language because it would be a broad topic we could all talk about.

Citation: Morgan Carol, Byram Michael. 1994. Teaching and Learning Language and Culture. Culture in Language Learning. pp.5.

Ap14bq (talk) 03:23, 8 October 2014 (UTC)

Ap14bq, the first two sources seem to be the same research article. It is a primary source, not a secondary source. I don't think your group has any basic books about intercultural communication in health care. There are relevant nursing books and health care books. Maybe that would line up with your group's goals? You can get help with searching from a librarian or me. --LynnMcCleary (talk) 22:29, 7 October 2014 (UTC)

Hey guys, so I found a couple sources from the library we can use that are more focused on the topic of intercultural communications as a whole. the first one I found focuses on three aspects that are part of the article and that we an incorporate in to other subheadings. the three major aspects are: identity, representation and otherization. The book itself is filled with examples and theories of what contributes to boundaries in intercultural communication and who the a lot of the topics all tie together as a whole. Here is the URL [6]

Holliday, Adrian; Hyde, Martin; Kullman, John. (2004). Intercultural Communication: An Advanced Resource Book. Taylor & Francis. Retrieved 1 October 2014, from <http://www.myilibrary.com?ID=7958> Jm14lp (talk) 22:53, 1 October 2014 (UTC)

The second source I found focuses on intercultural communication as a whole as well as the subsection of cross cultural communication. I noticed in the article this section could use some more citations and reliable sources to back up the information. We can use this book to support what is already there from previous editors as well as adding more to this section. by doing this we will also be able to compare some of the information and verify for ourselves that it matches and is valid. Here is the URL [7]

Scollon, R., & Scollon, S. K. (2001). Intercultural communication : a discourse approach / Ron Scollon and Suzanne Wong Scollon. Malden, MA : Blackwell Publishers, 2001 Jm14lp (talk) 22:53, 1 October 2014 (UTC)

The third resource is an academic journal that discusses globalization, and networking which is an area we can definitely improve on. I found that this section is lacking in some information and needs a bit ore to tie its self back to the central idea. This would be a good area to focus on as it relates to our nursing communications course and our overall program. I believe we she focus more towards the subtopics that relate back to us and pick and choose what theories to edit in order to be more efficient with this project. Here is the URL [8]

Beeching, K. (2013). Zhu Hua (ed), The language and intercultural communication reader. Multilingua: Journal Of Cross-Cultural And Interlanguage Communication, (2), 275.

Hey group, here are my three sources that I found that can be used to add and expand the Wikipedia article. I also agree that we should meet up to discuss this more clearly and effectively or set up an easier way of communicating.

Source URL: Managing Intercultural Conflicts Effectively The first source is a book that provides information on how intercultural conflict arrises and how it can be solved. It also provides scenarios that lead to intercultural conflict and how they can be handled. This can expand one’s conceptualization of intercultural conflict and provide a better understanding of it.

Source URL: Intercultural Communication The second source is an article that provides information about intercultural communication competence and expands upon it using ethnocentrism. This can be used to expand upon some of the information already in the article and improve it.

Source URL: Acculturation The third source is a book that provides information about acculturation within intercultural communication. I agree as well that this relates directly to the topic at hand and can be very beneficial for readers to add information about it. Connor (talk) 03:58, 2 October 2014 (UTC)

Connor,Jm14lp, Ap14bq, and Dm14qk, I agree with Connor and Dm14qk's comments about maybe not having come to a group agreement on what in particular you want to focus on. That may become more apparent as you do your research. I'm concerned that you may have too much to go through with the big sources you've identified. I think it's a good idea to have some discussion about your focus and the kind of information you need - either here on the talk page or in a meeting. I can help you if you want. LynnMcCleary (talk) 22:40, 7 October 2014 (UTC)

I agree that we need some main focuses, I think we should focus on language and communication skills in both verbal and non-verbal intercultural skills, because I think it would be broad enough for all of us to discuss, you guys can check out my sources, I focused mainly on language and communication in the sense on linguistics and culture. What do you guys think, and what else do you want to focus on? Ap14bq (talk) 03:23, 8 October 2014 (UTC)

I think we should also focus on intercultural communication competence and how to find a solution because this is very relevant. Are you guys free to meet at 2:30pm tommorrow before physiology. We really need to talk about this in person and focus only on main ideas. Please get back to me. Dm14qk (talk) 17:57, 8 October 2014 (UTC)

So one of my sources (the second one) did not work out like I was hoping. I found a new source that is similar to what Abby has talked about involving non-verbal intercultural communication. This one works a lot better with everything. Citation: Lustig, M. W., & Koester, J. (2013). Intercultural competence : Interpersonal communications across cultures.Boston: Pearson. Dm14qk (talk) 18:45, 14 October 2014 (UTC)

Professor advice about summaries and collaboration

Dm14qk, Ap14bq, Jm14lp , and Cm13pj , you’ve got some great sources. I know that some of you will be looking for secondary sources to replace the primary sources you found. I recommend book chapters .

As I’ve already mentioned, I think you have the potential to get overwhelmed or take on more than is necessary for this assignment. Setting your goals should help – though you need some openness to changing them if your learning from your reading suggests that something else would be more relevant or more manageable. I have some suggestions for you for your next steps – to help you keep your work manageable and within the scope of this assignment. Keep your expectations of yourselves reasonable. You may need to find sources that are easier for you to understand or focus on parts of the books you’ve found.

See the course page for information about your tasks due October 22.

Thinking about the communication model we learned about the first week of class might help you focus and organize your information.

Your summaries should be between 250 and at most 400 words for each source. Try not to make them long. If there aren’t 250 words worth of information in your source, don't blather on to fill space. I am looking for summaries I can understand and that are logical and coherent. You'll need to really focus in on the heart of the relevant findings. You should be aiming to tell your group members what the key messages are in your sources and how you think the information fits or doesn't fit with the article (it's okay if you logically determine that it wouldn't add to the article). If there is repetition within your sources, you should note that. Each summary should have a citation that is acceptable for Wikipedia and that has the information needed for a reader to verify your interpretation by finding your source. Links that only work within the university aren’t user friendly for me or your group members. If there is information that you can’t paraphrase, indicate quotes with quotation marks and page numbers.

When you've got your summaries done, hopefully there will be some themes and repetition among your summaries. Your job then is to collaboratively decide on what deserves to be suggested as an edit for the article and craft summaries of what your group found that could be incorporated in the article. That might be citations for information that is already there or new information. Discuss why your new information is relevant to the article.

I can copy your article over to your sandbox so you can practice editing before you make any suggestions to the editors of the article. If you want me to do that, let me know by email or by using my user name in a response to this post. As always, I'm available to guide you.

Don't forget to sign your posts. I look up your contributions by user name for grading. If you don't sign your posts, you won't get credit for them when I'm grading.LynnMcCleary (talk) 02:43, 9 October 2014 (UTC)

Ap14bq, Jm14lp , and Cm13pj I have sent you guys an email about setting up a time to talk. please get back to me as soon as possible. Dm14qk (talk) 20:22, 12 October 2014 (UTC)

LynnMcCleary We have decided as a group to select intercultural competence and verbal/non-verbal intercultural communication. Dm14qk (talk) 00:56, 17 October 2014 (UTC)

Summaries

Source one summary: I believe this source would directly work with improving the intercultural communication competence section. Chapter 3 in this book is all about intercultural communication and basic tools for improving it. So the book explains this competence as an elusive goal. Interactions between cultures create dissimilar meanings that require a vast knowledge of communication skills. The study on this topic has been mostly focused on practical concerns. Lacking competence for intercultural communication can lead to failed businesses. Competence is best discovered by those who are having a conversation together. It will always be specific to the interpersonal relationship that it occurred in. It is a social judgement people make about others. There is no quick fix to making yourself more competent, and there is not only way one to be considered competent. There are 6 components to intercultural communication competence. These are Context, appropriateness, effectiveness, knowledge, motivation and actions. There are also 7 ways of improving this competence. Displaying respect which is to show positive regard for another person. Orientation to knowledge which is how people explain themselves and the world. Empathy, which is understanding the world as others do. Interaction management which is skills in regulating discussions. Take role behaviour which is behaviours that involve initiation of ideas related to problem solving. Relational role behaviour, which is, behaviours that are interpersonal harmony and mediation. Tolerance for ambiguity which is reacting to new situations with comfort. Interaction posture which is the ability to respond to others in non-judgemental ways. Lustig, M. W., & Koester, J. (2010). Intercultural competence : interpersonal communication across cultures / Myron W. Lustig, Jolene Koester. Boston : Pearson/Allyn & Bacon, c2010. Dm14qk (talk) 20:25, 12 October 2014 (UTC)

Source two summary: This source has to do with non-verbal intercultural communication. It Directly focuses on only chapter 8. It is about the variations in different cultures. Some interpretations of things are different in different cultures. A smile, or hand gesture means one thing in Canadian culture and another in Japanese. It is important to be aware of these variations. Non-verbal communication signals are very important in intercultural communication because they effect perceptions and interactions more so then verbal communication. It is just as important as verbal communication. There are 5 non-verbal functions in intercultural communication. These 5 functions are providing information, managing impressions, expressing emotions, regulating interactions, and conveying relationship messages. This chapter also discusses non-verbal messages in intercultural communication. It talks about physical appearance, environment, body movements, personal space, touch, voice, and time. All these things differ in many cultures. It also talks about how this non-verbal communication works together with verbal communication and intercultural competence. Lustig, M. W., & Koester, J. (2013). Intercultural competence : Interpersonal communications across cultures.Boston: Pearson. Dm14qk (talk) 20:25, 12 October 2014 (UTC)

Source 3 summary: The source talks about the problems associated with acculturation. It talks about a variety of studies that are relevant to the theory of acculturation and how it had to do with intercultural communication. It talks about research that has been done towards this problem and also further implications that can be done. The book defines acculturation and then discusses a number of studies that date back to the 1950s. It discusses the idea that for acculturation to be further investigated the contact needs to be continuous between cultures. The author describes that the next person to study this must take precautions and be very objective to their findings and research. There are still many things to be discovered in this field and there is much more room for further findings. Herskovits, M. J. (1958). Acculturation : the study of culture contact.--. Gloucester, Mass. : P. Smith, 1958.Dm14qk (talk) 20:25, 12 October 2014 (UTC)

Hey guys, I found some material that is more relevant to our topic now that we have come to a consensus. I tried to be specific with the page numbers, and included resources for both verbal/nonverbal communication and intercultural competence. I think we should definitely try to incorporate the study in my third source or reference it when we edit the wiki page because it would validated it much more. Source one summary (Intercultural Aspects of Specialized Communication): The first source I switched out for a book that I think would be much more useful not that we have narrowed down what we plan on editing. The book focuses on different approaches to intercultural communication and the importance of awareness. Pages 53 – 18 focus on the awareness of cultural differences and specialized discourse. In this section the author discusses fuzzy cultural borders, and the perception of culture which takes place in communication (Bondi, 53) she then goes on to talk about the intercultural perspective and how they play a role in communication and how attitudes, beliefs, and behavioral norms contribute to this. In the third section of this chapter the author gives input on identities and community practices. There are different communicative situations based on the culture that do not belong in other, for example the communication between genders vary depending on the social norms and what is accepted. Citation: Candlin, C., & Gotti, M. (2007). Intercultural aspects of specialized communication / Christopher N. Candlin & Maurizio Gotti (eds.). Bern ; Oxford : Peter Lang, 2007 Url: [9]Jm14lp (talk) 01:42, 22 October 2014 (UTC)

Source two summary (Non-Verbal Communication): I believe this source is more relevant to our Wikipedia article and would be more useful based on what I have read in comparison the the resource i had previously posted. i have also attached a new url so you guys can take a look and let me know what you think. This source provides information we can use in the section about non-verbal communication and its effect in intercultural communication. Chapter 9 of this book, Non-verbal communication in human social interaction, would be very useful. I found that there is a section that would be most useful in respect to the article as a whole on page 257. This discusses the perception of nonverbal communication and the interpretation based on personalities and how it could be received. Chapter 12 in this book discusses the influence of cultural context based on non-verbal communication. This chapter is directly related to our article and helps to give an understanding of how different cultures receive messages based on body movement, gestures, etc. Citation: Hinde, R. A. (1972). Non-verbal communication; edited by R. A. Hinde. -. Cambridge [Eng.]: University Press, 1972. URL: [10]Jm14lp (talk) 01:42, 22 October 2014 (UTC)

Source three summary (Intercultural Communication Studies): I think this journal article would be more useful for the intercultural competence section of our Wikipedia article. The most important part of this journal article would the section titled Globalization, Networking and Intercultural communications. In section 2.4 of this it discusses the theoretical framework and how the process of globalization and networking are both closely connected and together influence intercultural communication. This section also provides a study based on popular forms of communication which we can use as a resource for backing up information stated already in the article and what we add. The study has data based on what languages people tend to used based on the text and environment of the situation, which relates back to the intercultural communication. Citation: LEBEDKO, M. G. (2014). Globalization, Networking and Intercultural Communication.Intercultural Communication Studies, 23(1), 28-41. URL: [11] Jm14lp (talk) 01:38, 22 October 2014 (UTC)

Since we have decided to focus on intercultural competence and verbal and non-verbal communication, Jm14lp and I will be focusing on verbal and non-verbal communication in relation to intercultural communication. Ap14bq (talk) 05:07, 18 October 2014 (UTC)

Summary for source 1: This source is relatable to intercultural communication in an indirect way. Though the source does not directly deal with intercultural communication, it deals with an important aspect of it, verbal communication. I think when addressing the topic of communication, talking is the first thing to come to mind. In this source, a heavy discussion is put on the forming of words, meanings, difference in languages in different places, speaking and reading, sounds and noises and how they affect communication. This source is affective in teaching about verbal communication, and then branching out to intercultural communication in the way that language is constantly changing... a pressing matter for the topic of intercultural communication. Chapter 3 of this source mainly discusses formations of words and basic sentence structure. Overall, it shows that words are very different around the world and have very different meanings, it also discusses the constant change of language, which again, may affect intercultural communication. Not only is the context of words discussed, but the actual speech and communicating itself is also discussed, this part of the source may be proven most useful as speaking directly is a form of communication. Overall, this source discusses the structure of words and sentences and how ever-changing words, meanings and languages are around the world.

http://books.google.ca/books?id=gPbQyRdnM18C&printsec=frontcover&dq=language+and+communication&hl=en&sa=X&ei=56M0VKTlDoSxyQThm4CYCA&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=language%20and%20communication&f=false Akmajian Adrian, Demers Richard, Farmer Ann, Harnish Robert. 2001. Linguistics An Introduction to Language and Communication. Communication and Cognitive Science. pp.355.Ap14bq (talk) 05:07, 18 October 2014 (UTC)

Summary for source 2: Source two differs from the first source, as it mainly discusses non-verbal communication. Starting on page 13 of the source, non-verbal behaviours are discussed in direct relation to intercultural communication. Because this source discusses non-verbal communication directly with intercultural communication, this is proven a very useful source. What is considered non-verbal communication is discussed and its different forms are revealed and then further discussed, and the effects they can have on intercultural communication are also discussed. The results of great and poor non-verbal communication on intercultural studies are revealed, and how to prevent poor non-verbal communication is also stated. There are several examples that are explored in the source displaying the effects of non-verbal behaviour on intercultural studies. All of the information above can be found under the heading of nonverbal behaviour. Furthering the information, in the conclusion section, the findings of nonverbal communication are summarized and presented to the reader. Overall, this source could be one of the most beneficial for communication of the intercultural style...

http://books.google.ca/books?id=xt7KAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT19&dq=intercultural+communication&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Z6k0VO7JL4uNyASRq4GoCg&sqi=2&ved=0CDoQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=intercultural%20communication&f=trueSamovar Larry, Porter Richard, McDaniel Edwin, Roy Carolyn. 2006. Intercultural Communication A Reader. Nonverbal Communication. pp13. Ap14bq (talk) 05:07, 18 October 2014 (UTC)

Summary for source 3: A mixture of both verbal and nonverbal communication is discussed in the third source, through the discussion of language. Under the heading Culture in Language Learning, the successes of verbal communication are discussed in relation to culture. It's outcomes and positive affects are talked about, and how verbal communication grows and flourishes in relation to culture is also discussed. The source also discusses HOW language is used, which I believe is very beneficial for the purpose of intercultural communication. Language and the use of it in social exchanges is discussed in depth, and how it benefits people positively and negatively. The third source also displays to different models related to language in culture, and how they prove to work around the world: Gardner and Lambert's three tier model of motivation and Schumann's eight dimensions of social distance. Examples regarding the models are discussed in relation to cultural communication as well. Another section titled, teaching and learning language and culture discusses the more verbal affects of language on intercultural studies. The only discussion of nonverbal communication, is in relation to theories and models, proving this source is better fitted for verbal communication, rather than non-verbal.

http://books.google.ca/books?id=b56ViQxUtTkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=language+and+culture&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ZKs0VPCUEc6xyASdq4GQBw&ved=0CCQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=language%20and%20culture&f=false Morgan Carol, Byram Michael. 1994. Teaching and Learning Language and Culture. Culture in Language Learning. pp.5. Ap14bq (talk) 05:07, 18 October 2014 (UTC)

Source one summary: Managing Intercultural Conflicts Effectively

The first source reflects on ways to deal with and manage intercultural conflict. Chapter 1: Intercultural Conflict is the main chapter in the book, it presents four practical reasons for why we should pay special attention to intercultural conflict. Throughout the chapter it refers to a study conducted on intercultural conflict and states the importance of developing systems in managing intercultural conflict. The book further talks about understanding conflict from a culture variability perspective and uses examples for better understanding. It also covers a very broad range of conflict types, which some are intimate conflicts, manager conflicts, and culture conflicts. This book can provide a better understanding about managing intercultural conflict to someone. Citation: Ting-tooney, S., & Oetzel, J. (2001). Managing intercultural conflicts effectively. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage . Retrieved October 1, 2014, from http://books.google.ca/books?hl=en&lr=&id=tUTC0FKUhBoC&oi=fnd&pg=PR8&dq=Ting-toomey,+S.,+%26+Oetzel,+J.+(2001).+Managing+intercultural+conflicts+effectively.+Thousand+Oaks,+CA:+Sage.&ots=7zeoqdNvcS&sig=stGqFtatg3gGkktBrBHBCK7qTh8#v=onepage&q=Ting-toomey%2C%20S.%2C%20%26%20Oetzel%2C%20J.%20(2001).%20Managing%20intercultural%20conflicts%20effectively.%20Thousand%20Oaks%2C%20CA%3A%20Sage.&f=true Connor (talk) 01:08, 23 October 2014 (UTC)

Source two summary: Intercultural Communication

The second source has a main focus around intercultural communication. It talks about the definition of intercultural communication and what counts as intercultural communication. It also includes the different perspectives and views that may give intercultural communcation a different meaning and how important it is within groups and business communication. It also includes sections on competence and ethnocentrism that explains the elements of being a competent communicator which can be beneficial to our editing of the article. Finally the article also refers to world views and values as well as culture shock and adaption while referring to communication competence. I think all of this information within the article can be useful for our wikipedia editing. Citation: Intercultural Communication . (n.d). World Bank . Retrieved October 1, 2014, from http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2010/01/11629790/intercultural-communication Connor (talk) 01:08, 23 October 2014 (UTC)

Source three summary: Acculturation

The third source that talks about intercultural communication is mainly focused in Chapter 2 of the book. The chapter involves highlighting the fact that individuals are able to manage their cultural identity when interacting with individuals of differing backgrounds. It also highlights main points of being a competent intercultural communicator and explains why individuals tend to engage themselves more actively with ethnically dissimilar others. The chapter also explains acculturation and deculturation within different scenarios and how to experience it. Relating intercultural communication with acculturation is very helpful for further understanding of the topic. Citation: Samovar, L. A., Porter, R. E., & McDaniel, E. R. (1994). Identity: Issues of Belonging . Intercultural Communication: A Reader(13th ed., pp. 86-88). Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth. Retrieved October 1, 2014, from http://books.google.ca/books?id=dXs5DZFCRPsC&pg=PT99&lpg=PT99&dq=intercultural+acculturation&source=bl&ots=60KRw49HQx&sig=J7RSgHnRdQBzweAbhq7pC5g2vXM&hl=en&sa=X&ei=inksVKWTFomdyATr2ICgCA&ved=0CF0Q6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=intercultural%20acculturation&f=true Connor (talk) 01:08, 23 October 2014 (UTC)

Since we have chosen our two main focuses to edit, Dm14qk and myself will focus on intercultural competence. Connor (talk) 03:28, 23 October 2014 (UTC)

Discussion

(talk) I think the study/journal you found could be very useful for the intercultural competence part of our article. 

(talk) I have a book on nonverbal/verbal communication as well if you guys need additional sources. Me and (talk) both have stuff about acculturation, which is an element to intercultural competence but in a way it's not because it's such a big topic, so I'm not sure if we should add it in or not. What do you guys think? Dm14qk (talk) 18:26, 28 October 2014 (UTC)

I think that all of the sources we have posted will be a good use. I would like to look at the book you have Dm14qk because It would probably help me and Jm14lp out quite a bit. However, I think our sources are good too. So we will be adding an entire new section because there is no section on verbal and non-verbal intercultural communication and we think it is necessary. I don't think that you should use the acculturation because you already have so much, but I'm sure that you and (talk) will figure out your section! The edits below are looking good and we will post ours soon! I will try to have it posted by Saturday to ensure enough time for further discussion on the edits section. Ap14bq (talk) 18:42, 28 October 2014 (UTC)

Yes I agree with Ap14bq that we don't need to include information about acculturation since it should be its own sub-heading if we did and also since intercultural competence is already a big section within intercultural communication. Connor (talk) 01:38, 29 October 2014 (UTC)

Also just to let you know Dm14qk the webpage for my second article was working again so I posted the summary about that article, intercultural communication, under the summary's section. This article will be very helpful to us when editing our section of the article about communication competence. Connor (talk) 02:17, 29 October 2014 (UTC)

Edits

Intercultual competence (Intercultural communication is competent when it accomplishes the objectives in a manner that is appropriate to the context and relationship. Intercultural communication thus needs to bridge the dichotomy between appropriateness and effectiveness:[20] Appropriateness. Valued rules, norms, and expectations of the relationship are not violated significantly. Effectiveness. Valued goals or rewards (relative to costs and alternatives) are accomplished.)

So the above section I left in because I believe it is important to know the difference between these 2 thingsDm14qk (talk) 18:16, 2 November 2014 (UTC)

Various publications list necessary competencies for intercultural communication.[21] Twelve affective, behavioural and cognitive competencies have been identified:[22] Self-awareness. Is conscious about one's self (the way one looks) and about one's reputation elsewhere. Appropriateness. Has knowledge of the socially appropriate communicative behaviour. Self-confidence. Holds a realistic and positive confidence in own judgements, abilities and powers. Effectiveness. Is able to bring about an effect. Motivation for success. Has a strong orientation towards pragmatism and useful action. Changing perspectives. Tries to understand actions and reactions of others from their point of view. Empathy. Shows interest in others and shares emotions. Open-mindedness. Is open towards new ideas and experiences; functions effectively with people of other world views. Communication ability. Fully appreciates what others are saying and thinks consequentially prior to answering. Tolerance. Is free from bigotry and prejudice, accepts and advocates diversity. Sensitivity. Is sensitive to the importance of differences and to the point of view of other people. Flexibility. Having a type of mental elasticity allowing to be part of and yet apart from another milieu.

To the above section I used some of the same concepts but with back up from the sources I have found and simplified them so they are not as extensive as these ones. Dm14qk (talk) 18:16, 2 November 2014 (UTC)

A targeted development of these key competencies in intercultural communication requires a thorough appraisal to identify individual strengths and weaknesses. Diagnostic frameworks like the ICCA™ (Intercultural Communication and Collaboration Appraisal)[23] study subjective viewpoints and focus awareness on certain behaviours and attitudes. The concept of "Intercultural Empathy" has been advanced as a specific subset of Intercultural Communication Competence by the Italian researcher Daniele Trevisani, who proposes four specific dimensions, that allow the specific Intercultural Competence Empathy Traits to be used in Intercultural Training Projects:.[24] Intercultural empathy is the ability to perceive the world as it is perceived by a culture different from the subject's own. The dimension identified by Trevisani are: Behavioral empathy (IBE - Intercultural Behaviors Empathy): understanding the behavior of a different culture and their causes, the ability to understand why the behavior is adopted and the chains of related behaviors. Emotional empathy (IEE - Intercultural Emotions Empathy): being able to feel the emotions experienced by others, even in cultures different from their own, understand what emotions feels the culturally different person (which emotion is flowing), of which intensity, which are the emotional lives, how emotions are associated to people, objects, events, situations, in private or public aspects of different cultures. Relational empathy (IRE - Intercultural Relationship Empathy): understanding the map of the relations of the subject and its affective value in the culture of belonging, to understand with whom the subject relates whether voluntarily or compulsorily, who has to deal with that subject in order to decide, in work or life, what is his map of "significant others ", the referents, the interlocutors, "other relevant "and influencers affecting their decisions, who are enemies and friends, who can affects his/her professional and life decisions. Cognitive empathy (ICE - Intercultural Cognitions Empathy): understanding of different cognitive structures, understanding the cognitive prototypes and archetypes active in a given moment of time in a certain culture in a single person, the beliefs that generate the visible values, ideologies underlying behaviors, identifying the mental structures that the individuals own and which parts are culturally-depending" (Daniele Trevisani, 2005). Dm14qk (talk) 18:25, 28 October 2014 (UTC)

The above bold part is not really usable. The person the author is citing is very similar to their name. So I think they might be citing themselves which is not aloud in Wikipedia, I talked to Lynn about it. Also the website they used isn't a credible source. Dm14qk (talk) 18:16, 2 November 2014 (UTC)

So basically on the user page sandbox, I used the same ideas this person has but simplified them and backed them up using a credible source, I also added a section on tools for improving intercultural competence because although empathy is a part, it is not the only thing that is used to better communication. Dm14qk (talk) 18:16, 2 November 2014 (UTC)

In the sandbox, I will be editing the section of intercultural communication and non-verbal communication. I will be using some of the sources from above to pull information together and show how intercultural communication is very closely related to non-verbal communication. The article hardly touches on non-verbal communication and I think it is necessary to completely add a section on this because I think it needs to be briefly talked about. Non-verbal as well as verbal communication will be edited by Jm14lp. Kinesic communication is briefly discussed in a couple of sentences and will be kept, however further information will be added to complete the article and allow for readers to receive the most knowledge possible on the topic of intercultural communication. Everything that is in bold was from the original text article, and everything not in bold was pulled form secondary sources in order to make the article better. Ap14bq (talk) 03:44, 30 October 2014 (UTC)

The above paragraph that I posted was what was on the actual page. That's not my work just so you guys know! It's what me and Connor have to edit! Dm14qk (talk) 19:42, 1 November 2014 (UTC)

I just posted my edits Dm14qk. Some of our information is similar on intercultural communication competence so I think we could group some of our information together to make it look better and not repetitive. Connor (talk) 03:17, 4 November 2014 (UTC)

References: <ref>Akmajian Adrian, Demers Richard, Farmer Ann, Harnish Robert. 2001. Linguistics An Introduction to Language and Communication. Communication and Cognitive Science. pp.355./ref> [12]

<ref>Samovar Larry, Porter Richard, McDaniel Edwin, Roy Carolyn. 2006. Intercultural Communication A Reader. Nonverbal Communication. pp13./ref> [13]

<ref>Morgan Carol, Byram Michael. 1994. Teaching and Learning Language and Culture. Culture in Language Learning. pp.5./ref> [14] ~~~~

edits to the article

@Ap14bq, Dm14qk, Jm14lp, and Cm13pj:, I notice some edits to your sandbox article. I hope you'll make your edits on the actual article. --~~~~