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Thanks. Addionne (talk) 13:34, 13 June 2008 (UTC)
Below is the text of an essay page you made under an article namespace. I redirected the title to Roman Kingdom but thought you would appreciate having the text you wrote placed here, on your namespace, where it will not be subject to deletion. Theseeker4 (talk) 19:09, 8 January 2009 (UTC)
Roman kingdom was the first phase of Roman civilization and it started with the traditional found of Rome and it ended with the deposition of the last Roman king Tarquinius Superbus.
Contents:
Introduction
Founding of Rome and early king
Middle Kingdom
Late kingdom and Deposition of the kings
Government
Introduction:
Between the 8 and 10 B.C the central Italian population consisted of two main ethnic groups the Italian people who were the Latin’s and the non indo European speaking Etruscans. The Latin´s were originally located in the Danube river in eastern but they migrated to Italy in 1200 B.C and between 1000-800 B.C they began to migrate to the Latium area which was at the heart of the Tiber river in central Italy, after several years the Latin´s began to move deeper into central Italy and into an area called Latium their they moved down wards to the Alban hill which was located 20-80 miles from modern day Castelli south east of Capitalholine hill later the Latin´s moved downward the valley because it was a better area and it provided more security and opportunities for expansion and influence. The Latin´s formed several villages around the area (later theses villages became Rome). Originally Rome had been made into a small kingdom and during the time of the king’s the Roman kingdom expanded and most Roman kings were good but because the time of the Tarquinius Superbus was filled with chaos and bloodshed the Romans revolted against their king. Their revolt was a success and Rome became a republic, the king tried to take back the throne but he failed. Between 458-396 B.C Rome started waging its first wars against its immediate neighbors defeating them and capturing their territory within a series of mostly successful battles and by 396 Rome had captured and secured the region from other tribes within the area. By 390 several Gallic tribes from southern France started invading northern Italy as their culture expanded throughout Europe, all of this was still unknown to the Romans who at that time were establishing their power within their region. Rome was first alerted about this when a war like Gallic tribe invaded two Etruscan towns that were not far from Roman influence. The towns were overwhelmed by the size of the enemies armies called for roman assistance, Rome responded by sending an army of fifteen thousand soldiers, the Romans were decisively defeated in Battle of Allia River and the remaining Roman army was perused back to Rome , the Gallic army sacked Rome after that what happened next was unclear. After Rome recovered quickly from the sack of Rome they continued their expansion into Italy but soon they encountered people who were as rich and as powerful as them. The Romans thought three wars with the Samnites after these decisive wars the Romans had established themselves as a major power in most of Italy but in order to complete their conquest of the entire Italian peninsula they need to capture southern Italy which at that time was a Greek colony. When a dispute erupted between the Romans and the Greek colony turned into all out war , the Greeks pleaded to Pyrrhus a ruler of a Greek kingdom in the north west , Pyrrhus came to Italy with an army of 25 thousand men. At first his campaign was a success then he saw that his position in Italy wasn’t helpful and he couldn’t find any allies there so he left the Greek colony at the hands of the Romans. Now the Romans had the entire peninsula and their armies won an international reputation. After their conquest of southern Italy the Romans started expansion which let them to conquer most of the known world, but their empire was destroyed a Melina later by internal unrest and external conquest. Through history many men and rulers tried to restore Rome to its glory but have failed, this book is going to look at the Romans civilizations beginning to its demise.
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Roman Kingdom
Founding of Rome and early kingdom
Today much of what we know about the Roman kingdom and its early years are lost and what little we know is based on a mix of fact, myth and legend. In 1200 B.C the first Iron Age began around the world and the Latina People began to migrate from the Danube River in Eastern Europe to Italy. Between 1000-800 BC the Latin´s began to migrate deeper into central Italy and specially into a region known as Latium and they started forming settlements and villages around the area and a group of Latin´s formed several settlements down the valley because the area was better for agriculture and it also provided more opportunities for influence within the region. According to Roman mythology Romans trace their origins to Aeneas a Trojan who survived the sack of Troy and fled to Italy there his son Lulius founded the city of Alba Longa and established it as a monarchy. Years later two descendents of the king Romulus and Remus founded the city of Rome in the Latium region because it was a great area, according to legend the brothers quelled over the name and where to place the city within the area. Romulus killed Remus and he became king then he invited criminals, runaway slaves, exiles and others who wanted a second chance in life, Romulus granted them asylum and citizenship to the city, then Romulus populated five of the seven hills in the region after that Rome was a city with no women, so the Romans invited people from the next village over for a festival , in the festival the other villages women were kidnapped and this sparked a war between both villages and the Romans were successful and they controlled both village, later Romulus divided the Roman people into two groups one group became the legions and the other group became the Roman people, Romulus then picked several of the most noble of his people and made them senators but the senate had no real power it was just an advisory council to the king. Romulus then created the Roman assemblies and to form the assemblies he divided the people of Rome into three tribes the Romans (ramnes), Sabine’s (tities), and a third for other individuals, each tribe would then elect ten representatives known as curiae and Romulus would convene the Curiate and lay proposals from either himself or the Senate before the Curiate for ratification. All proposals passed before the Comitia Curiata were either supported by the majority or denied. After 38 years of rule Romulus died and he is considered to be one of the greatest Romans who ever lived because of his contributions and because he expanded his kingdom to cover most of the Latium region and the surrounding areas in his honor he became to be known as the early Roman war god Quirinus. Following Romulus mysterious death the next king was Numa Pumplius his reign was filled with peace and prosperity. Numa was born in 753 B.C he lived a strict life of displace and had no luxury goods in his house and he was also strictly religious. In 717 shortly after the death of Romulus Numa was offered kingship but at first he denied then his father convinced him to be king. Numa reformed the Roman calendar by adding January and February and according to legend a shield fell from Jupiter with it was the fate of Rome, Numa order that eleven copies of the shield were to be made. Numa then divided the city into several districts and made it easier to manage. Numa is remembered as the most religious of the kings (surpassing even Romulus), and during his reign, he introduced the flamens, the vestal virgins of Rome, the pontiffs and the College of Pontiffs. Under his administration, temples to Vesta and Janus were constructed. As a peace-loving and gentle man, Numa planted ideas of meekness and justice within the minds of the Romans. The doors to the Temple of Janus were never open a single day as Numa waged no wars during his reign. After 43 years of rule, Numa died a peaceful and natural death. The next Roman king was Tullus Hostilius and in many ways he was like Romulus, he had waged war on most of Rome´s neighboring towns, villages and tribes and in doing so had increased Rome´s power, territory and brought new riches to Rome. According to legend because he had ignored the gods and religion the gods responded by sending a pledge the city and Tullus fell ill, he begged upon Jupiter for assistance , Jupiter responded by sending a lightning bolt which killed him, despite his war-like nature, Tullus Hostilius selected and represented the third group of people to make up Rome’s patrician class consisting of those who had come to Rome seeking asylum and a new life. He also constructed a new home for the Senate, the Curia, which survived for over 500 years after his death. His reign lasted for 31 years. Ancus Marcius was the fourth king of Rome and he was a peaceful and religious leader. He was not a military leader but he only attacked in order to defend his people and in doing so he had expanded Roman territory, he had been responsible for building Rome´s first port and also for fortifying parts of the city, he was also responsible for building Rome´s first prison. He was also responsible for building a wooden bridge across the Tiber. He died a natural death, like his grandfather before him, after 25 years as king, marking the end of the Latin-Sabine kings of Rome.
Middle kingdom
After the death of Ancus Marcius, the Romans elected Tarquinius Priscus to be the fifth king of Rome, Tarquinus was to be the first Etruscan king of the Romans and his reign would last for 38 years. According to the Roman historian Livy, Tarquinus was from the Etruscan city of Tarquinii he had many great skills but he could never get a high ranking position in his city because his father was an immigrant. His wife suggested that they should move to Rome because there they would have better opportunities. According to legend on Tarquinus´s way to Rome an eagle flew and took his cap and returned it to him his wife believed that the incident was an omen and that one day her husband would be a king, when Taraquinus was in Rome he became a very close friend of the king Ancus Marcius and the king decided to adopt him as his son, upon the death of Ancus, Tarquinius Priscus was able to convince the People's Assembly that he should be elected king over Marcius' natural sons. Tarquinus´s military ability was tested early on his reign when a Sabine tribe attacked Rome, the Romans were successful in winning the battle, later the Romans under Tarquinus managed to subjugate the cities of Corniculum, Firulea, Cameria, Crustumerium, Americola, Medullia and Nomentum, later the king doubled the size of the assembly to 1800 people and h increased the size of the senate by 100 people, amongst the newly recruited senators were some of the earliest decedents of the first Roman emperor. After a flood the lower Roman areas were drained by the sour to build the Roman Forum which survived till today. Taraquinun last major act was to build a temple in honor of the Roman god Jupiter, He was also the first Roman king to Celebrate the so called Roman Triumph which was a ceremony to celebrate military achievements. The adult sons of Ancus Marcius plotted against him but they failed, Tarquinus then choose his son in law Servius Tulluis. Servius was in many ways like his father in law, he launched several successful wars against his neighbors and used the loot from the wars to fully fortify Rome, he was famous for reforming the Roman constitution, he made the world´s first census, made two new assemblies divided the Roman people and he changed Roman life forever by making voting rights were based on social and economic situation of a person, this gave the Roman elite more power but he was more popular with the poor. His Reign came to an end when he was assassinated in a conspiracy by his own daughter and her husband.
Late Kingdom and Deposition of the king
After successful assassination of the Roman king Servius Tulluis by his son in law Lucius Tarquinius Superbus and by his daughter. The son in law then summoned the senate and claimed himself king after that he orchestrated the murders of several key senators who opposed his kingship, Servius was to be the seventh and in his reign the Roman kingdom would fall and the Roman republic would be born. After seizing power he had repealed the new reforms of the constitution and he waged wars against Latin´s and the Etruscans and the lower classes were deprived of their arms and were employed in building the monuments of regal magnificence, while he recruited his armies from foreign allies and from his own retainer. His authority over the city of Rome was confirmed by three actions, the leveling of the top of the Tarpeian Rock that overlooked the Forum, the removal of its ancient Sabine shrines; the completion of the fortress temple to Jupiter on the nearby Capitoline Hill and the marriage of his son to the daughter of Octavius Mamilius of Tusculum, an alliance which secured him powerful assistance in the field. Tarquinus Reign was marked mostly by violence and bloodshed, Tarquinus had a very violent son called Sextus, after Sextus raped the wife of a noble and later the woman committed suicide, her brother and husband showed her body to the Roman people and they revolted against the king, most of the Royal family was deposed and his kinsman Lucius Junius Brutus was the founder of the Roman republic and one of it first consuls. After the kings Tarquinus´s exile, he attempted to gain the support of other Etruscans and Latin kings, Taraquin claimed that republicanism would spread beyond Rome, an Etruscan lord supported his claim but all attempts at taking back the throne failed. Tarquinus died in exile at Cumae in Campania in 496 BC. Tarquin's death marked the end of the Roman kingdom and the Roman people would no longer trust another person to hold absolute power and so the Roman Republic was formed.
Government
Rome was a kingdom during its early years and it´s government was a monarchy but it is not clear how much power the king really had because records from that time were either lost or Romans didn’t want to record anything from that time, but from what we know today the king had several duties which ranged from chief justice, commander in chief of the military and head of the state. Romulus had also established the senate as an advisory council to the king and the senate had 300 members which were picked by the king. The last group of the Roman government were the Roman assembly who were elected by the different tribes but their numbers were limited to thirty, their job was to select a king (But the selection of the king was removed after the third king) and to their accept or deny proposals and they could vote on a declaration of wars, but their power was limited.
User Subpages
editHello, the best place for you to publish this would be a user subpage. This would allow you to post it on Wikipedia and edit it without worrying about it being deleted (as long as it doesn't violate some of the basic policies, which as far as I can tell, it doesn't). Go to WP:User page#How do I create a user subpage? for information about making a user subpage. Once created, you will be able to edit it just like a main article. let me know if you have any other questions. Theseeker4 (talk) 20:08, 8 January 2009 (UTC)