JimRicefortheHall
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Guide to referencing
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Using references (citations) |
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I thought you might find it useful to have some information about references (refs) on wikipedia. These are important to validate your writing and inform the reader. Any editor can remove unreferenced material; and unsubstantiated articles may end up getting deleted, so when you add something to an article, it's highly advisable to also include a reference to say where it came from. Referencing may look daunting, but it's easy enough to do. Here's a guide to getting started.
A reference must be accurate, i.e. it must prove the statement in the text. To validate "Mike Brown climbed Everest", it's no good linking to a page about Everest, if Mike Brown isn't mentioned, nor to one on Mike Brown, if it doesn't say that he climbed Everest. You have to link to a source that proves his achievement is true. You must use reliable sources, such as published books, mainstream press, and authorised web sites. Blogs, Myspace, Youtube, fan sites and extreme minority texts are not usually acceptable, nor is original research (e.g. your own unpublished, or self-published, essay or research), or another wikipedia article.
The first thing you have to do is to create a "Notes and references" section (unless it already exists). This goes towards the bottom of the page, below the "See also" section and above the "External links" section. Enter this code:
The next step is to put a reference in the text. Here is the code to do that. It goes at the end of the relevant term, phrase, sentence, or paragraph to which the note refers, and after punctuation such as a full stop, without a space (to prevent separation through line wrap):
Whatever text you put in between these two tags will become visible in the "Notes and references" section as your reference.
Open the edit box for this page, copy the following text (inserting your own text where indicated), paste it at the bottom of the page and save the page:
(End of text to copy and paste.) It should appear like this:
You need to include the information to enable the reader to find your source. For an online newspaper source, it might look like this:
When uploaded, it appears as:
Note the single square brackets around the URL and the article title. The format is:
Make sure there is a space between the URL and the Title. This code results in the URL being hidden and the title showing as a link. Use double apostrophes for the article title (it is quoted text), and two single quote marks either side of the name of the paper (to generate italics). Double square brackets round the name of the paper create an internal link (a wikilink) to the relevant wikipedia article. Apostrophes must go outside the brackets. The date after The Guardian is the date of the newspaper, and the date after "Retrieved on" is the date you accessed the site – useful for searching the web archive in case the link goes dead. Dates are wikilinked so that they work with user preference settings to display the date in the format the user wishes.
You can use sources which are not online, but which you have found in a library or elsewhere—in which case leave out the information which is not relevant. The newspaper example above would be formatted like this:
When uploaded, it appears as:
Here is an example for a book:
When uploaded, it appears as:
Make sure you put two single quote marks round the title (to generate italics), rather than one double quote mark.
These formats are all acceptable for dates:
You may prefer to use a citation template to compile details of the source. The template goes between the ref tags and you fill out the fields you wish to. Basic templates can be found here: Wikipedia:Template messages/Sources of articles/Citation quick reference
The first time a reference appears in the article, you can give it a simple name in the <ref> code:
The second time you use the same reference in the article, you need only to create a short cut instead of typing it all out again:
You can then use the short cut as many times as you want. Don't forget the /, or it will blank the rest of the article! A short cut will only pick up from higher up the page, so make sure the first ref is the full one. Some symbols don't work in the ref name, but you'll find out if you use them. You can see multiple use of the same refs in action in the article William Bowyer (artist). There are 3 sources and they are each referenced 3 times. Each statement in the article has a footnote to show what its source is.
The above method is simple and combines references and notes into one section. A refinement is to put the full details of the references in their own section headed "References", while the notes which apply to them appear in a separate section headed "Notes". The notes can be inserted in the main article text in an abbreviated form as seen in Harriet Arbuthnot or in a full form as in Brown Dog affair.
More information can be found at:
I hope this helps. If you need any assistance, let me know. |
Notability of Anatole Krasnyansky
editA tag has been placed on Anatole Krasnyansky requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because the article appears to be about a real person, organization (band, club, company, etc.), or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not indicate the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable. If this is the first page that you have created, then you should read the guide to writing your first article.
If you think that you can assert the notability of the subject, you may contest the deletion by adding {{hangon}}
to the top of the article (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag), coupled with adding a note on the article's talk page explaining your position, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the article meets the criterion it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would confirm the subject's notability under Wikipedia guidelines.
For guidelines on specific types of articles, you may want to check out our criteria for biographies, for web sites, for bands, or for companies. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. Narutolovehinata5 tccsdnew 01:31, 13 July 2008 (UTC)
Park West Gallery-related edits
editIf you have a close connection to some of the people, places or things you have written about on Wikipedia, you may have a conflict of interest. In keeping with Wikipedia's neutral point of view policy, edits where there is a conflict of interest, or where such a conflict might reasonably be inferred from the tone of the edit and the proximity of the editor to the subject, are strongly discouraged. If you have a conflict of interest, you should avoid or exercise great caution when:
- editing or creating articles related to you, your organization, or its competitors, as well as projects and products they are involved with;
- participating in deletion discussions about articles related to your organization or its competitors;
- linking to the Wikipedia article or website of your organization in other articles (see Wikipedia:Spam); and,
- avoid breaching relevant policies and guidelines, especially those pertaining to neutral point of view, verifiability of information, and autobiographies.
For information on how to contribute to Wikipedia when you have conflict of interest, please see our frequently asked questions for businesses. For more details about what, exactly, constitutes a conflict of interest, please see our conflict of interest guidelines. Thank you.
Reference:
July 2008
editPlease stop. If you continue to vandalize pages by deliberately introducing incorrect information, you will be blocked from editing Wikipedia. ⇒SWATJester Son of the Defender 03:03, 23 July 2008 (UTC)
Blocked
editYou have been blocked indefinitely for your extensive harassment of other editors across several articles related to capri pants and their inventors. It is entirely unacceptable to add factually incorrect information to perpetuate an unverifiable claim, remove sourced information that counters the claim, and mark the articles edited by people who oppose you as hoaxes. You've been following editors around Wikipedia destroying their work, and that is unacceptable here. We've had several email complaints about your actions, and accordingly I am blocking you from editing.
Note to reviewing admins: Do not unblock without first contacting User talk:Swatjester and receiving a response. ⇒SWATJester Son of the Defender 03:07, 23 July 2008 (UTC)
Response to administrator
editFactually incorrect information? How many articles from reputable sources do you want that Emilio Pucci created Capri pants? Here are just a few:
http://dlxs.lib.wayne.edu/d/dhhcc/bios/pucci.html
http://dept.kent.edu/museum/exhibit/pucci/pucci2.html
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/26/style/tmagazine/26pucci.html
http://www.ultimateitaly.com/fashion/emilio-pucci.html
http://www.handbags-online.us/emilio-pucci.html
http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/designers/Emilio+Pucci/
http://reviews.ebay.com/Emilio-Pucci-A-Guide-to-Emilio-Pucci-amp-Fashion_W0QQugidZ10000000001022967
http://www.poandpo.com/design-art-and-nice-stuff/puccis-coloured-swirls/
The unverifiable claims were the ones that I set out to remove from Wikipedia - the claims that a heretofore unheard-of Sonja de Lennart, who was completely unknown on Google until December 2007, created Capri pants.
Originally there was one site given as a source for the Sonja de Lennart claims - www.sonjadelennart.com, a site owned by Eleonora de Lennart and created in February 2008. A simple glance at this website will show that it is not a reputable source. Instead, it was fabricated for the sole purpose of fooling Wikipedia. Unfortunately, the Wikipedia hoax was not detected before answers.com and other websites picked up the false claim of authorship and it was included in an Associated Press article that was widely syndicated. The success of the hoax in tricking a reporter is now being used to give the hoax legitimacy.
Users Pchip and Delennart have had no other purpose on Wikipedia than to spread the false stories about Capri pants. Your actions in supporting their claims and in blocking the attempt to undo their persistent vandalism are damaging Wikipedia. JimRicefortheHall (talk) 08:26, 23 July 2008 (UTC)
Response
editOn behalf of the de Lennart family, you must stop with your defamation. Even if false information is being spread by some companies (including offshore/phantom companies which you mentioned as a reliable source, whose "company's seat" is a letterbox at the Mayfair House in England) doesn't change the fact that Sonja de Lennart is the inventor and original designer of the Capri Collection.
In 1945, Sonja de Lennart gave the collection [which includes the skirt, belt, blouse, hat, and pants] the Capri name (see original pictures from 1948 of the model wearing the Capri Collection with the "Capri" poster in the background). This occurred at a time when Emilio Pucci began to only design his sport skiwear [an editor asked Pucci to design skiwear for a story on European Winter Fashion, which ran in the 1948 winter issue of Harper’s Bazaar] and then he “presented in 1949 his (still) totally black and white sport collection”, (quote Professor Mueller/University Zuerich). There were no Capri Pants involved—a name only given by Sonja de Lennart. All his designs carried his own logo "Emilio." Only decades later did his company call them Pucci Pants.
It was much later, by the end of the 1950s, that Pucci copied/sold the Capri Pants like so many other designers. He used and annexed himself to the fame of the Capri Collection—fame created by Edith Head, who used Sonja de Lennart's complete Capri Collection for her movies— by selling the meanwhile well-known Capri Pants in his boutique "Emilio."
This doesn't make him the original designer and this doesn’t give you the right to defame a renowned designer. This lady, Sonja de Lennart, is 88 years old. She was born in 1920 and worked until the 1970s. There is a great amount of documentation that was never placed on the Internet as it was not as prevalent in Europe to do so.
You are not entitled to smear the well-deserved comeback of a designer who invented the Capri Pants and who influenced a whole generation of designers, including Emilio Pucci—as his use of Sonja de Lennart's creation of the Capri Pants proves (without even changing the name to Emilio Pants).
And keep in mind: If your claim was true and Emilio Pucci was, indeed, the original designer of the Capri Pants, he would never have accepted that Edith Head was accepting an Oscar for "his" alleged work without mentioning his name {and he would have probably if not definitely called them "Emilio Pants," or at least Pucci Pants, as his company did decades later] because Emilio Pucci was at that time already media-savvy—by contrast to Sonja de Lennart, who has hundreds of publications in local newspapers and magazines, but did not know how to handle international press. Furthermore, if your claim were true, Hubert de Givenchy, who also used Sonja de Lennart's Capri Pants but without EVER claiming to be the designer, would certainly have referred to Emilio Pucci while using Sonja de Lennart's Capri Pants for the movie Sabrina.
Do you think Emilio Pucci would have applauded that "his" work conquered Hollywood and earned somebody an Oscar ("took the world by storm") without giving him proper credit?
Did you not think that the de Lennart family would take care and make sure that their mother would benefit from her very own invention and pioneering work after WWII? Of course they would. And this, too, is their right! But your defamation and character assassination is not only based on utterly false information, it is serious and unlawful. Pchip (talk) 16:11, 23 July 2008 (UTC)
Nomination of Anatole Krasnyansky for deletion
editA discussion is taking place as to whether the article Anatole Krasnyansky is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.
The article will be discussed at Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Anatole Krasnyansky until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.
Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article..-- Toddy1 (talk) 14:04, 31 October 2015 (UTC)