User talk:Milad5858/sandbox
Several improvements can be made to this article. Firstly, the entire first two leading paragraphs lack the necessary citations. The information presented are facts and must be referenced adequately. For example, the content of the initial sentence is consistent with that of Dr. Vitaterna and her colleague’s paper called, “Overview of Circadian Rhythms”, which describes the characteristics of circadian rhythms.[1] The article is not void of references and in fact, the references used are viable as they are from independent, and reputable academic sources that are mostly in the form of journals. Interestingly, in 2009, the references were discussed in the talk page as they were previously not "clickable" but that has now been resolved and the hyperlinks are correct.
In the fourth heading regarding gene expression and chromosomal topography, promoters are depicted as being rhythmically regulated however, it is subsequently stated that the mechanistic details are unknown. This section needs to be updated as it hasn't been edited since 2009. New articles such as the article published by Dr. Pekovic-Vaughan and her colleagues (2014), discuss such a matter.[2] Thus, a more elaborate, updated description of the rhythmic nature of promoter regulation is required in order to support the bold statement of the prior sentence indicating that "all promoters are rhythmically regulated".
The article has a neutral tone, however, the heading, "Visualizing the clockwork's "gears": structural biology of clock proteins" is unnecessarily long and could instead be replaced with "Structural biology of clock proteins".
References
edit- ^ Vitaterna, MH; Takahashi, JS; Turek, FW (2001). "Overview of circadian rhythms". Alcohol research & health : the journal of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. 25 (2): 85–93. PMID 11584554.
- ^ Pekovic-Vaughan, V.; Gibbs, J.; Yoshitane, H.; Yang, N.; Pathiranage, D.; Guo, B.; Sagami, A.; Taguchi, K.; Bechtold, D.; Loudon, A.; Yamamoto, M.; Chan, J.; van der Horst, G. T. J.; Fukada, Y.; Meng, Q.-J. (17 March 2014). "The circadian clock regulates rhythmic activation of the NRF2/glutathione-mediated antioxidant defense pathway to modulate pulmonary fibrosis". Genes & Development. 28 (6): 548–560. doi:10.1101/gad.237081.113.
With over 8,500 publications in the UBC library database, reductive dechlorination is certainly notable and is a possible solution to combating increasing pollution levels. Specifically, it can lower the levels of toxins such as PCBs, PCEs and CFCs. These toxins accumulate in aquifers, soils, sediments and can bioaccumulate in tissues due to industrial chemical wastes.[1][2] In addition to their increasing concentrations, these compounds are extremely harmful and their impacts as a whole range from hindering brain development, to affecting pregnancy outcomes, to increasing global warming, to even impeding the immune function of fish.[3][4][5][6]
The article does a decent job describing the process of reductive dechlorination using appropriate sources, however, additions can be made. At the end of the first heading labeled, "Biology", bioremediation is discussed; however, this is not given enough emphasis. Bioremediation is what primarily gives this article it's notability and importance for readers, hence, it must be expanded upon. Firstly, a subsection called, "Bioremediation using reductive dechlorination" is required under the "Biology" section. Under this subsection, information regarding PCE bioremediation can be placed. This will be followed by a discussion of the bioremediation of other toxins such as PCBs and CFCs. PCBs are discussed under the "Radiation" section, however, it does not mention the bioremediation aspect. To expand on PCB bioremediation, a study performed by Dr. Quensen and his colleagues can be presented, in which they examined the reductive dechlorination of PCBs using microorganisms from the Hudson River and found that under anaerobic conditions, there was a drastic increase in reduced PCBs after 16 weeks.[7] This can be further discussed through the research of Dr. Alder and his colleagues in which the rate of reductive dechlorination of PCBs using microorganisms derived from various water bodies were compared.[8] Recently, it has been found that bioaugmentation with DF-1 can lead to enhanced reductive dechlorination of PCBs, and can increase the feasibility of reductive dechlorination as a means of bioremediation thus, alluding again to the high notability of this topic.[9] To complete this subsection, the potential of reduction dechlorination in eliminating 10 of the most common CFCs will be discussed.[10]
References
edit- ^ Safe, Stephen (1 January 1990). "Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), Dibenzo-p-Dioxins (PCDDs), Dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and Related Compounds: Environmental and Mechanistic Considerations Which Support the Development of Toxic Equivalency Factors (TEFs)". Critical Reviews in Toxicology. 21 (1): 51–88. doi:10.3109/10408449009089873. ISSN 1040-8444.
- ^ Kittelmann, Sandra; Friedrich, Michael W. (29 August 2007). "Identification of novel perchloroethene-respiring microorganisms in anoxic river sediment by RNA-based stable isotope probing". Environmental Microbiology. 0 (0): 070902105759001–???. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01427.x.
- ^ Duffy, J. E; Carlson, E; Li, Y; Prophete, C; Zelikoff, J. T (1 September 2002). "Impact of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on the immune function of fish: age as a variable in determining adverse outcome". Marine Environmental Research. 54 (3): 559–563. doi:10.1016/S0141-1136(02)00176-9.
- ^ Porterfield, Susan P.; Hendry, Lawrence B. (1 January 1998). "Impact of Pcbs On Thyroid Hormone Directed Brain Development". Toxicology and Industrial Health. 14 (1–2): 103–120. doi:10.1177/074823379801400109. ISSN 0748-2337.
- ^ Carwile, Jenny L; Mahalingaiah, Shruthi; Winter, Michael R; Aschengrau, Ann (30 September 2014). "Prenatal drinking-water exposure to tetrachloroethylene and ischemic placental disease: a retrospective cohort study". Environmental Health. 13. doi:10.1186/1476-069X-13-72. ISSN 1476-069X.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Papasavva, Stella; Moomaw, William R. (1 October 1997). "Life-Cycle Global Warming Impact of CFCs and CFC-substitutes for Refrigeration". Journal of Industrial Ecology. 1 (4): 71–91. doi:10.1162/jiec.1997.1.4.71. ISSN 1530-9290.
- ^ Quensen, J. F.; Tiedje, J. M.; Boyd, S. A. (4 November 1988). "Reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls by anaerobic microorganisms from sediments". Science. 242 (4879): 752–754. doi:10.1126/science.242.4879.752. ISSN 0036-8075.
- ^ Alder, Alfredo C.; Haggblom, Max M.; Oppenheimer, Stephanie R.; Young, L. Y. "Reductive dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls in anaerobic sediments". Environmental Science & Technology. 27 (3): 530–538. doi:10.1021/es00040a012.
- ^ Payne, Rayford B.; May, Harold D.; Sowers, Kevin R. (15 October 2011). "Enhanced Reductive Dechlorination of Polychlorinated Biphenyl Impacted Sediment by Bioaugmentation with a Dehalorespiring Bacterium". Environmental Science & Technology. 45 (20): 8772–8779. doi:10.1021/es201553c. ISSN 0013-936X.
- ^ Balsiger, Christian; Holliger, Christof; Höhener, Patrick (2005). "Reductive dechlorination of chlorofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons in sewage sludge and aquifer sediment microcosms". Chemosphere. 61 (3): 361–373. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.02.087. ISSN 0045-6535.
Naser's Peer Review
editOverall, I enjoyed your piece and thought it was very well done. In terms of structure and placement, I like how you added in the new subcategory. One thing I would suggest would be to give a sentence or two of brief introduction into the topic of bioremediation, before jumping into some applications, like its use for groundwater. I understand this was in the original article, but it would help give a good foundation for your later edits.
Your content was also well written. There is appropriate evidence to support your points and they all were relevant to the main idea. One suggestion I have would be to give a little more explanation to some of your mentions. For example, just a couple words devoted to defining what exactly PCBs and CFCs are, and explaining what an electron sink is.
The evidence you included from studies was great; however, be careful about adding information without having a real need for it. For instance, for the Hudson River study, there doesn’t seem to be any motivation for it to be included. In addition, you mentioned, “Microorganisms in differing locations…show various rates of PCB dechlorination”. These types of experimental findings are hard to mention without having a conclusion. If you included them to explain or support a factual statement, it would be safe to add some explanation in, without sounding biased. Otherwise, they may introduce more questions than answers.
Your writing is very fluid and breaks down difficult science so the average person can understand. Besides the things mentioned above, it was written concisely, and didn’t include any unnecessary tangents or explanations irrelevant to the main topic. As well, you did a great job in staying neutral and simply presenting facts to the reader.
Your references all appear to be from reliable journals and are all distributed across various references. One thing I did notice is that the formatting for each citation is different. All the dates are in a different place in each of the references, with the last one not having a date of publication, except within the doi link.