Nihil Sine Deo

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Again, welcome! Graham87 14:57, 21 December 2012 (UTC) Graham87 14:57, 21 December 2012 (UTC)

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How are the Pembina Escarpment and Manitoba Escarpment different?

I see that you've split Manitoba Escarpment from Pembina Escarpment. There are multiple sources that says they are different names for the same scarp that extends across the Canada-US border.

It would be helpful if you could add more material to the articles explaining how they are different, with citations to reliable sources. Thanks a lot! — hike395 (talk) 09:01, 28 October 2019 (UTC)

References

Hello @Hike395:, I have added more information and five more references to the Pembina Escarpment page that provide some clarification.

• From a geological perspective, the regions were formed thousands of years apart during different stages of the Laurentide Ice Sheet and Lake Agassiz.
• From a geographical perspective, the two regions are not only distinct ecoregions (US Level 3 ecoregions), they are part of entirely different ecozones (US Level 1 ecoregions).
• From a historical perspective, the two regions had different populations of aboriginals and European settlers, and very few common historical events.
• The two regions have different economies: the Pembina has mostly farming, while the Manitoba has mostly forestry.

Here are some relevant references that you can click on from the Pembina Escarpment page:

• Rayburn, John (September 1997). "Correlation of the Campbell Strandlines along the Northwestern Margin of Glacial Lake Agassiz" (PDF). Collections Canada (PDF). University of Manitoba. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
• Teller, J.T.; Thorleifson, L.H.; Matile, G.; Brisbin, W.C. (1996). "Sedimentology, Geomorphology, and History of the Central Lake Agassiz Basin" (PDF). Manitoba's Mineral Resources. Geological Association of Canada. Retrieved October 28, 2019.
• Smith, R.E.; Veldhuis, H.; Mills, G.F.; Eilers, R.G.; Fraser, W.R.; Lelyk, G.W. (1998). "Terrestrial Ecozones, Ecoregions, and Ecodistricts of Manitoba" (PDF). Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. Retrieved November 2, 2019.
• Thorpe, Jeff (February 2014). "Rangeland Classification for Agri-Manitoba" (PDF). Manitoba Forage and Grassland Association. Retrieved November 2, 2019.

NSD 17:01, 2 November 2019 (UTC)

I looked through the references and could not find explicit statements that say that the Manitoba Escarpment is separate from the Pembina Escarpment. Nor can I verify the statement in the article "The Pembina Escarpment is separated from the Manitoba Escarpment by the Assiniboine and Souris River valleys, which were covered by Lake Souris at the time of Lake Agassiz when both escarpments were formed." in a reliable source (that I could find).

The distinction between the two escarpments may be a synthesis of material from reliable sources. That is, it is a combination of material from multiple sources that reaches a conclusion that is not in any of them. This would be a form of original research and would not be allowed in Wikipedia.

Can you find support for the statement "The Pembina Escarpment is separated from the Manitoba Escarpment by the Assiniboine and Souris River valleys, which were covered by Lake Souris at the time of Lake Agassiz when both escarpments were formed." in a reliable source? Otherwise, I would recommend merging the two articles together, because there are (at least) three sources that say it's one escarpment with two names. I don't have a strong opinion about the name of such a merged article. — hike395 (talk) 23:15, 2 November 2019 (UTC)

@Hike395:

Please see the following sections of "Rangeland Classification for Agri-Manitoba"

• Section 2.4 "Southwest Manitoba Uplands Ecoregion" on Page 6: "The Southwest Manitoba Uplands Ecoregion represents the more heavily wooded vegetation associated with higher elevations in the Pembina Hills and Turtle Mountain."
• Section 2.7 "Mid-Boreal Upland and Transition Ecoregion" on Page 7: "This ecoregion includes the forested uplands of Riding Mountain, Duck Mountain, and the Porcupine Hills, lying immediately west of the Manitoba Escarpment."

The above source clearly shows that the Pembina Hills/Mountains/Escarpment is separate from the Manitoba Escarpment (where Riding, Duck, and Porcupine Mountains are located). They are in two distinct ecoregions.

Please see the following parts of "Terrestrial Ecozones, Ecoregions, and Ecodistricts of Manitoba"

• On Page 182 of the document (page 188 of the PDF), you can read how the Manitoba Escarpment follows the Porcupine Hills, Duck Mountains, and Riding Mountains, and is within the Mid-Boreal Uplands Ecoregion.
• On Page 270 of the document (page 275 of the PDF), you can read how the Pembina Hills are part of the Southwest Manitoba Uplands Ecoregion.

Again, the areas are within two different ecoregions.

Also, your sources do not support your claim that these are both part of the same escarpment.

• Ashworth and Bluemle say that the Pembina Escarpment runs along the Red River in Northern ND and Southern MB. If the two escarpments are one, why don't they say it runs from North Dakota to East-central Saskatchewan?
• Ashworth and Bluemle also describe Lake Souris as being west of the Pembina Escarpment, which is only true if the Manitoba Escarpment is a separate region. Lake Souris was southeast of Riding Mountain. See the image below or to the right for reference.

An early map of the extent of Lake Agassiz in central North America, by 19th century geologist Warren Upham. The regions covered by the lake were significantly larger than shown here.

• Slaymaker also uses the term "Manitoba Escarpment" for the "Pembina Escarpment", which makes them seem like one region, but then he again only discusses the escarpment along the Red River Valley in Northern ND and Southern MB. There's no mention of this escarpment extending further north than the Assiniboine River.

NSD 04:25, 3 November 2019 (UTC)

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