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The early human tools and the discovery of them.

Modern humans emerged around 200,000 years ago in Africa and then spread around the world. Some of the earliest evidence for human movement from Africa to the Middle East was found in Palestine. These suggested that humans came from Africa through the Nile Valley and into Palestine between 120,000 and 80,000 years ago. In 2015, excavations in the UAE have changed that picture. Archaeologists have found stone tools that look like those previously found in East Africa. These include small hand-axes and tools for cuffing up food. Scientists have determined that the stone tools were buried between about 30,000 and 95,000 years ago. This suggests that humans moved from Africa into Arabia at about that time. Not onty does the discovery at Jebel Faya provide possible evidence of a previously unknown route out of Africa, but it may also indicate that humans left Africa tens of thousands of years earlier than previously thought.

Many historians and archaeologists believed that humans had probably travelled keeping quite close fo the sea and not travelling too far inland. This would have meant that humans might have followed the River Nile and towards the Arabian Gulf. This new evidence suggests that humans may have travelled across inland areas. It is thought that the reason humans were able to travel inland is because the climate was different '25,000 years ago, the UAE at that time would have been much greener and have provided sources of food for animals. This also meant that humans could have hunted the animals for food and clothing and also used plants for shelter.

Development of the Bronze age.

About 4000 BC the climate changed again and became similar to todays climate. People could only live inland for short periods of the year. The people of the ancient UAE started to grow crops, dates not only provided food but also building materials, wheat and barley were also grown. Wells were dug to get fresh water and irrigation channels developed. The Umm an-Nar Culture was very different from other Bronze age societies which were ruled by Kings and Pharaohs, there was more a sense of equality between the people. The culture established some of the basic patterns of life such as trade and agriculture which still exist in the UAE today

Between approximately 2500 BCE and 2000 BCE, this small island was home to a relatively large settlement that played an active role in regional commerce, with artefacts showing that people on the island traded with civilisations as far away as ancient Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) and the Indus Valley Civilisation (modern-day Pakistan and India). The island contains important buildings and tombs of the IJmm an-Nar Culture. The cemetery comprises above-ground tombs, which are circular in shape and range in diameter from 6 to 12 metres. They are several metres high and are divided into chambers accessed through small entrances. Archaeologists have recovered a number of objects from the settlement on the island, providing insight into the lives of these early people. Artefacts include necklaces, jewellery and even a gold hairpin; copper weapons; and imported and local pottery decorated with elaborate designs. Bronze objects, such as fishing hooks, also were found.

The Bronze Age is a time period when bronze replaced stone as the preferred material for making tools and weapons. This led to improvements in agriculture and brought with it changes in the way people live. Bronze is an alloy or mixture of tin and copper. Bronze alloy is harder than either of the metals from which it is made. It could be used to make a greater range of tools and weapons than had previously been possible. Irrigation and the metal plough transformed the development of agriculture and meant that it was possible to farm year round. Forest clearance led to the development of large farms and fields were separated by walls. Growth of trade for bronze and bronze products was aided by improved navigation skills. Knowledge of astronomy and mathematics also developed during this period. The invention of the wheel meant that animal-drawn vehicles could drive along tracks and roads.The potter's wheel and textile production meant that better pottery and clothing could be produced.