User talk:Whlee/History of Manchuria

Proposition of dividing in sectors

History of Manchuria is very rich but also complicated to better understand its history i suggest to divide that region in six sectors have a look at map 1 map 2 and map 3 :

• Inner Manchuria (4 sectors) :

The "western" border of Inner Manchuria now incorporated in Inner Mongolia

- the former Xingan/ Hsingan Province (興安)

- the former Rehe Province (热河/熱河) and Liaobei/Liaopei

The "southern" part of Inner Manchuria : the Liao river bank (with Liaodong peninsula), corresponding roughly to the former Liaoning province including :

- former Jinzhou (锦州/錦州) located the right bank the Liao river

- former Fengtian (奉天) located on the bank the Liao river

The "eastern" part of Manchuria bordering Korean peninsula, corresponding roughly to the actual Jilin Province : southern part of the Sungari basin contain also the banks of Yalu river , the banks of Tuman river and including the Changbai Mountain (Kaema Plateau)

- former Antung (安東)

- Kirin (吉林)

- and Sunkiang/Songjiang (松江) or Binjiang (濱江)

- parts of North Korea above the Goryeo Cheolli Jangseong (northern part of North Pyongan, Jagang, Ryanggang, North Hamgyong and South Hamgyong provinces)

The "northen" part of Inner Manchuria

- Nunkiang/Nenjiang (嫩江)

- Hokiang/Hejiang or Sanjiang (三江)

- former Heilongjiang (黑龍江)

• Outer Manchuria (2 sectors) corresponding to well defined at the Nerchinsk Treaty:

- the actual Primorye/Primorskii Krai ceded by China to Russia in 1860

- the southern part of Khabarovsk Krai ceded by China to Russia in 1858 including :

- Bikinsky District

- Vyazemsky District

- Lazo District

- Khabarovsky District

- and eventually Nanaysky District because Nanai peoples are also Tungusic peoples.

Conclusion :

The western part of Manchuria history is closely related to China and Mongolia HIstory

The eastern part of Manchuria and the actual Primorye/Primorskii Krai is closely related to Korean History although not necessarily included.

The northern part of Manchuria with the southern part of Khabarovsk Krai : are closely related to the Black River Mohe history, the ancestor of the Wild Jurchen and the Nanai peoples.

I also emit some reserve concerning Rehe and Xingan province, because i consider that the border of Manchuria / East Tartary are :

- on the West : Liao River (see Goguryeo Cheolli Jangseong) and the Greater Khingan Range

- on the South: Goryeo Cheolli Jangseong and Liaodong peninsula

- on the north : Stanovoy Range or Outer Khingan Range

- on the east : Sakhalin Island and Sea of Japan (East Sea)

==1643.Dec.-1645.spring > The first Cossack party penetrates southward into the Amur River basin, terrorizing the local residents ==1649-1653 > Brutal Russian attempts to conquer and colonize the Amur region ==1652-1658 > Chinese forces wipe out the Russian colonies on the Amur ==1672 > The Russians renew their penetration of the Amur region ==1686 > A powerful Chinese force destroys the Russian fort at Albazin ==1689.Aug.27 > The Treaty of Nerchinsk: the Manchus force the Russians to withdraw north into Siberia, away from the Amur River ==1843.------ > Middendorf explores the length of the Amur, and reports to St. Petersburg that the river is undefended ==1850.summer > After explorations the previous year, Nevelskoy establishes a fort at Nikolayevsk and claims the mouth of the Amur for Russia ==1854.May.13-summer > Nikolay Muravyev, Governor of Eastern Siberia, leads a military force down the Amur and repels British and French attacks on the river’s mouth to the summer of 1855, securing the area for Russia ==1858.May.16 > Muravyev compels the Chinese to sign the Treaty of Aigun: the Siberian-Manchurian border is set on the Amur ==1860.Nov.14 > The Treaty of Peking: the Chinese confirm the Amur as Manchuria’s border and cede the region east of the Usuri River - Russia expands to the border of Korea

1900 ==Jul.09 > Russian forces enter Manchuria ==Jul.14 > Chinese troops and Boxer rebels attack Russian troops and rail facilities, provoking a brutal Russian response ==Sep-Dec > Russia occupies all of Manchuria

1901 ==early.1901 > Russia begins to try to force China into yielding control of Manchuria - very strong opposition from Japan, Britain, and America

1902 ==Apr.08 > Russia recognizes Chinese sovereignty over Manchuria and agrees to a phased troop withdrawal to be completed in eighteen months - ~the withdrawal stalls by late 1902

1903 ==Apr.08 > Public protests in Japan over Russia’s failure to evacuate Manchuria ==May.15 > The Czar suddenly decides on an aggressive policy in Manchuria ==May.--- > Bezobrazov’s Yalu Timber Company begins operation, giving Russia a pretext to deploy troops on the Korean border ==Aug.13 > The Czar abruptly appoints Alexeiev as Far Eastern Viceroy, with authority over Manchuria ==Sep.12 > Russia forms a Far Eastern Committee, chaired by the aggressive Bezobrazov ==early.Oct > Russia reinforces its units in Manchuria ==Oct.23 > War Minister Kuropatkin urgently recommends that Russia evacuate southern Manchuria - the Czar ignores him

January 1904 ==Jan.06 > Viceroy Alexeiev asks the Czar for permission to mobilize Russian forces in Manchuria and to move troops to the Korean border at the Yalu River ==Jan.12 > A Japanese Imperial Conference decides to make a final offer to Russia ==Jan.13 > The fourth and final Japanese appeal proposes that Russia concedes influence in Korea while Japan concedes influence in Manchuria, with Russia respecting Chinese territorial integrity in Manchuria - the appeal is regarded by Russia as an ultimatum ==Jan.13 > Japanese intelligence reports that attack plans have already been transmitted to the Russian Far East forces ==Jan.14 > The Czar orders that Russian forces not interfere with Japanese troops in southern Korea until they cross the 38th parallel

http://cnparm.home.texas.net/Wars/RusJp/RusJp00.htm

Russian Sources

Keywords :

Bohai /Balhae : Бохай / ru:Пархэ
Malgal/Mohe : ru:Мохэ
Heishui Mohe : хэйшуй мохэ
Sumo Mohe : сумо мохэ
Jurchens : Чжурчжени
Eastern Jurchen  : Восточное Ся
Solbin = Sinicized : SHUAIBINI =>Шуайбинь = ancient name of Ussuriysk and the surrounding area (Уссурийск и прилегающие к нему территории)

Emperors of Balhae :Korean : Dae Jo-yeong 大祚榮 Sinicized :Da Zuorong=> Cyrillized Да Цзожун

Korean : Dae Heummu 大钦茂 Sinicized : Dà Qīnmào => Cyrillized Да Циньмао
Korean Dae Insu 大仁秀 Sinicized : Dà Rénxìu/Da Renxiu => Cyrillized Да Жэньсю

Sources :

• Mohe
• THE MIGRATION HEISHUI MOHE In WESTERN PRIMOYE
• The essay cultural history of the peoples in Primoye in medieval times
• Balhae/Bohai
• Balhae Kingdom involved in Primorye medieval Area
• Jurchen in the Far East Russia (Primorye)
• Eastern Jurchen (1215 - 1233)
• The Jurchens
• Amur Oblast History

About an improvement of

The drainage area of Amur River is not very precise. Amur River has two major upstream branches: one along the border between Mongolia and Russia and another along the border between China's Inner Mongolia and Russia. The drainage region of the upstreams of Amur River, which is to the west of "Sugari/Nen Drainage Basin", is not depicted in the image. --Jiejunkong 22:18, 7 July 2007 (UTC)