WyattMillion

This is Wyatt's Talk page about Sea LionWyattMillion (talk) 15:22, 11 March 2016 (UTC)

Sea Lion Page Discussion

The sea lion page covers a range of topics from taxonomy to effects of climate change on the sea lions. There is a large section devoted to human interactions with sea lions citing only 2 or 3 sources for all of it. The sources though for this are peer reviewed or published paper from scientific journals. However looking at the talk pages it seems like there is a confusion of some in a lot of different sections. For example a lot of the pictures are of an animal that is not actually a sea lion. Most of the comments though on the talk page ask for more backed up information for facts being posted. If a fact has a direct source and you can point to where the information was drawn from then there will be little backlash. Over all, there are few people talking about this page and edits to the original page are limited, instead they are suggestions for clarification of aspects of the article. Some of the section titles do not work for the information provided in them. Viewing the editing history of this page, the last edit was made March 19th 2016, so there are contributions being made currently. However most of these contributions are minor and only an addition of a sentence or two. This suggests that people are having problems with little details that other people wrote and not contributing new whole sections worth of material. There are quite a few edits where people are just deleting material which worries me on how my additions will be accepted.WyattMillion (talk) 13:49, 28 March 2016 (UTC)

Hi Wyatt, thanks for this evaluation. I request that you add a bit more by commenting on the history page for this article. I will assign you this article for your Wiki work this semester. Rico.schultz (talk) 18:58, 18 March 2016 (UTC)

Prof. Schultz, I am not sure what you mean by commenting on the history page. Do you want me to add things to the history of the Sea Lion page or do my final addition to the history, or would you like me to include the history information in the critique above? WyattMillion (talk) 19:37, 20 March 2016 (UTC)

The latter. go to the view history page of the article. Also, kevin has posted his evaluation of the American black bear article, go to his talk page and comment on it.Rico.schultz (talk) 16:49, 21 March 2016 (UTC)

Hi Wyatt, I wondered over the Sea lion page and glanced at the page and talk page. I was pretty shocked how small the pages were, I was even more shocked when I saw some physiology present. As in some of the more comprehensive mammal pages physiology isn't even mentioned. I was curious who added the brief it of phys to the [sea lion] page, turns out its a senior research scientist in floriculture and pretty active on wiki. He might turn up once you start posting on that section. Altermattk (talk) 05:02, 22 March 2016 (UTC)

Wyatt, let me know when you have made those changes to the endotherm articleRico.schultz (talk) 02:00, 4 April 2016 (UTC)

Dr. Schultz, I made the addition last night but did not see this message until this morning.WyattMillion (talk) 13:15, 4 April 2016 (UTC)

Teammate discussion Wyatt, there is a lot of information here and very well written. One formatting difference that might be useful, is hyperlinking the numbered references. When the references are hyperlinked you can move sentences around and copy and paste into the account page without having to update the numbers. Also noticed a slight spelling mistake in the line "oxygen stored in the muscles which is need when the sea lions", where 'need' should read 'needed'. Your contribution is full of great physiological content that is both relevant to the species page and pertains to class material. I was especially interested in how a reduced digestion rate in sea lions ultimately allows for more successful diving (due to oxygen consumption). Altermattk (talk) 05:59, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

Thanks Kevin! I was planning on putting the hyperlinks for the references when I put it into the actual page because they already have a reference page for that and I was going to use the format <ref/Re> in order to make sure they align on the page. But thank you for the input! WyattMillion (talk) 13:58, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

My Sandbox

Dr. Schultz, this is what I added to my sandbox. I do not know if you can read my sandbox so I figured I would try this!

There are many components that make up sea lion physiology and these processes control aspects of their behavior. Physiology dictates thermoregulation, osmoregulation, reproduction, metabolic rate, and many other aspects on sea lion ecology including but not limited to their ability to dive to great depths. The sea lions' bodies control heart rate, gas exchange, digestion rate, and blood flow to allow individuals to dive for a long period of time and prevent side-effects of high pressure at depth.

References:

Gerlinsky, C. D., Rosen, D. A., & Trites, A. W. (2014). Sensitivity to hypercapnia and elimination of CO2 following diving in Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus). Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 184(4), 535-544.

Kooyman, G.L.; Sinnett, E.E. 1982. Pulmonary shunts in harbor seals and sea lions during simulated dives to depth. Physiological Zoology. 55: 105-111.

McDonald, B. I. and Ponganis, P. J. 2014. Deep-diving sea lions exhibit bradycardia in long-duration dives. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 217: 1525-1534.

Rosen, D. A., Gerlinsky, C. D., & Trites, A. W. (2015). Evidence of partial deferment of digestion during diving in Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 469, 93-97.

Wyatt, I hope that you will finish this article before class tomorrow. The sentences you have here are low content and do not give your taxon teammate much to review. I generally haven't commented yet on other students' articles but feel I should comment on this one because you may feel this is a complete draft. You need to describe specific findings that are reported in your references.Rico.schultz (talk) 18:47, 26 April 2016 (UTC)

Sea Lion Page Addition

There are many components that make up sea lion physiology and these processes control aspects of their behavior. Physiology dictates thermoregulation, osmoregulation, reproduction, metabolic rate, and many other aspects on sea lion ecology including but not limited to their ability to dive to great depths. The sea lions' bodies control heart rate, gas exchange, digestion rate, and blood flow to allow individuals to dive for a long period of time and prevent side-effects of high pressure at depth.

The high pressures associate with deep dives cause gases such as nitrogen to build up in tissues which are then released upon surfacing, possibly causing death. One of the ways sea lions deal with the extreme pressures is by limiting the amount of gas exchange that occurs when diving. The sea lion allows the alveoli to be compressed by the increasing water pressure thus forcing the surface air into cartilage lined airway just before the gas exchange surface[2]. This process prevents any further oxygen exchange to the blood for muscles, requiring all muscles to be loaded with enough oxygen to last the duration of the dive. However, this shunt reduces the amount of compressed gases from entering tissues therefore reducing the risk of decompression sickness[2]. The collapse of alveoli does not allow for any oxygen storage in the lungs however, this means that sea lions must mitigate oxygen use in order to extend their dives. Oxygen availability is prolonged by the physiological control of heart rate in the sea lions. By reducing heart rate to well below surface rates, oxygen is saved by reducing gas exchange as well as reducing the energy required for a high heart rate [3]. Bradycardia is a control mechanism to allow a switch from pulmonary oxygen to oxygen stored in the muscles which is need when the sea lions are diving to depth [3]. Another way sea lions mitigate the oxygen obtained at the surface in dives is to reduce digestion rate. Digestion requires metabolic activity and therefore energy and oxygen are consumed during this process, however sea lions can limit digestion rate and decrease it by at least 54% [4]. This reduction in digestion results in a proportional reduction in oxygen use in the stomach and therefore a correlated oxygen supply for diving. Digestion rate in these sea lions increase back to normal rates immediately upon resurfacing [4]. Oxygen depletion limits dive duration, but carbon dioxide (CO2) build up also plays a role in the dive capabilities of many marine mammals. After a sea lion returns from a long dive, CO2 is not expired as fast as oxygen is replenished in the blood, due to the unloading complications with CO2. However, having more than normal levels of CO2 in the blood does not seem to adversely affect dive behavior [1]. Compared to terrestrial mammals, sea lions have a higher tolerance to storing CO2 which is what normally tells mammals that they need to breath [1]. This ability to ignore a response to CO2 is likely brought on by increase carotid bodies which are sensor for oxygen levels which let the animal know its available oxygen supply [1]. Yet, the sea lions cannot avoid the effects of gradual CO2 build up which eventually causes the sea lions to spend more time at the surface after multiple repeated dives to allow for enough built up CO2 to be expired [1].

References:

Gerlinsky, C. D., Rosen, D. A., & Trites, A. W. (2014). Sensitivity to hypercapnia and elimination of CO2 following diving in Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus). Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 184(4), 535-544.

Kooyman, G.L.; Sinnett, E.E. 1982. Pulmonary shunts in harbor seals and sea lions during simulated dives to depth. Physiological Zoology. 55: 105-111.

McDonald, B. I. and Ponganis, P. J. 2014. Deep-diving sea lions exhibit bradycardia in long-duration dives. The Journal of Experimental Biology. 217: 1525-1534.

Rosen, D. A., Gerlinsky, C. D., & Trites, A. W. (2015). Evidence of partial deferment of digestion during diving in Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus). Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 469, 93-97.

@WyattMillion, in case you miss it, Kevin commented on your article this morning, see above section on Sea Lion Page Discussion.Rico.schultz (talk) 13:12, 29 April 2016 (UTC)

@WyattMillion: Wyatt, thanks for your thoughtful comments on Kevin's American black bear contribution. I hope things are going well in PA!

Rico.schultz (talk) 16:18, 29 April 2016 (UTC)