ʿUthman ibn Muḥammad ibn Abī Sufyān (Arabic: عثمان بن محمد بن أبي سفيان) (fl. 682 – c. 683) was a member of the Umayyad ruling family who served as the governor of Medina under the Umayyad caliph Yazid I (r. 680–683) in 682 until being expelled by its townspeople in 683 during the Second Fitna.
Uthman ibn Muhammad ibn Abi Sufyan | |
|---|---|
| Governor of Medina | |
| In office 682–683 | |
| Monarch | Yazid I |
| Preceded by | Al-Walid ibn Utba ibn Abi Sufyan |
| Succeeded by | None (Revolt of the Ansar, Qurayshi and non-Qurayshi Muhajirun in Medina)[1] |
| Personal details | |
| Relations | Banu Umayya (clan) |
| Children |
|
| Parent | Muhammad ibn Abi Sufyan |
Life
edit
Uthman belonged to the Banu Umayya clan and was a grandson of Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, making him a paternal cousin of Caliph Yazid I.[2] The latter appointed Uthman governor of Medina in 682, replacing their other cousin, al-Walid ibn Utba ibn Abi Sufyan. According to an account recorded in the history of the 9th-century historian al-Tabari, Uthman's appointment came about as a result of a ploy by the Mecca-based, anti-Umayyad claimant to the caliphate, Abd Allah ibn al-Zubayr. The latter had sent a letter disparaging al-Walid ibn Utba as unfit and suggesting he be replaced by a governor more inclined to cooperation. Yazid responded by installing Uthman.[3] According to the historian Julius Wellhausen, Uthman was "a young man, inexperienced and conceited".[4]
In an effort to conciliate the growing opposition to Yazid in Medina, Uthman sent an embassy of city notables to Yazid's court in Damascus in hopes that the caliph would secure their support with financial incentives; though Yazid gave them numerous gifts, they returned to Medina with reports of the caliph's misdeeds and lack of religion.[4] Afterward, the townspeople of Medina, led by a member of the embassy, Abd Allah ibn Hanzala, revolted against Yazid and assaulted Uthman. The Banu Umayya and their mawali (non-Arab clients) and supporters among the Quraysh, numbering some 1,000 people, were likewise attacked and found refuge with the senior Umayyad of the region, Marwan ibn al-Hakam.[5] Uthman, being "only a young lad without any judgement", according to al-Tabari, was sidelined by Marwan who managed the Hejazi Umayyads during this crisis.[6] The Umayyads ultimately relocated to Syria, the political center of the Umayyad Caliphate. There is scant information available about Uthman beyond his short term in Medina.[2] One of his daughters, Atika, was later wed to the Umayyad caliph al-Walid II (r. 743–744).[7][8]
References
edit- ^ Yarshater 1985–2007, v. 19: pp. 201 ff.; EI2, s.v. "Al-Harra"); Khalifah ibn Khayyat 1985, pp. 236 ff.; Al-Ya'qubi 1883, pp. 297 ff..
- ^ a b Howard 1990, p. 197, note 655.
- ^ Howard 1990, p. 197.
- ^ a b Wellhausen 1927, p. 152.
- ^ Howard 1990, p. 201.
- ^ Howard 1990, p. 202.
- ^ Howard 1990, pp. 197–198, note 655.
- ^ Robinson 2020, p. 146.
Bibliography
edit- Howard, I. K. A., ed. (1990). The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XIX: The Caliphate of Yazīd ibn Muʿāwiyah, A.D. 680–683/A.H. 60–64. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-0040-1.
- Robinson, Majied (2020). Marriage in the Tribe of Muhammad: A Statistical Study of Early Arabic Genealogical Literature. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 9783110624168.
- Wellhausen, Julius (1927). The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall. Translated by Margaret Graham Weir. Calcutta: University of Calcutta. OCLC 752790641.
- Al-Ya'qubi, Ahmad ibn Abu Ya'qub (1883). Houtsma, M. Th. (ed.). Historiae, Vol. 2. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
- Khalifah ibn Khayyat (1985). al-Umari, Akram Diya' (ed.). Tarikh Khalifah ibn Khayyat, 3rd ed (in Arabic). Al-Riyadh: Dar Taybah.
- The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition (12 vols.). Leiden: E. J. Brill. 1960–2005.
- Yarshater, Ehsan, ed. (1985–2007). The History of al-Ṭabarī (40 vols). SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-7249-1.