Dil Se.. (lit. 'From the Heart..') is a 1998 Indian Hindi-language romantic thriller film co-written and directed by Mani Ratnam who produced it with Ram Gopal Varma and Shekhar Kapur. Set against the backdrop of Insurgency in Assam, the film stars Shah Rukh Khan and Manisha Koirala, while Preity Zinta makes her film debut in a supporting role. An example of parallel cinema, it is noted as the final installment in Ratnam's trilogy consisting of Roja (1992) and Bombay (1995).[3][4] The film's soundtrack album, composed by A. R. Rahman, sold six million units in India.[5]
| Dil Se.. | |
|---|---|
 English release poster | |
| Directed by | Mani Ratnam |
| Written by | Story & Screenplay: Mani Ratnam Dialogues: Tigmanshu Dhulia |
| Produced by | Bharat Shah Mani Ratnam Ram Gopal Varma Shekhar Kapur |
| Starring | Shah Rukh Khan Manisha Koirala Preity Zinta |
| Cinematography | Santosh Sivan |
| Edited by | Suresh Urs |
| Music by | A. R. Rahman |
Production companies | Madras Talkies Varma Corporation |
| Distributed by | Eros International |
Release date |
|
Running time | 167 minutes |
| Country | India |
| Language | Hindi[1] |
| Budget | ₹11.5 crore[2] |
| Box office | ₹28.40 crore[2] |
Dil Se.. was screened at the Era New Horizons Film Festival and the Helsinki International Film Festival. Noted for its aspects of nonlinear storytelling, the film was moderately successful at the domestic box office; however, it was a major success overseas, earning $975,000 in the United States and £537,930 in the United Kingdom,[2] becoming the first Indian film to enter the top 10 in the United Kingdom box office charts,[6] and it was also a hit in Japan.[7]
At the 44th Filmfare Awards, Dil Se.. received 10 nominations, including Best Actress (Koirala) and Best Supporting Actress (Zinta), and won 6 awards, including Best Female Debut (Zinta) and Best Music Director (Rahman). At the 46th National Film Awards, the film won two awards – Best Cinematography and Best Audiography, while also receiving a Netpac Award at the 49th Berlinale.[6][8]
Plot
editAmarkant Verma is a program executive for All India Radio, dispatched from New Delhi to cover festivities in Assam. On his way there, during a rainy night, Amar is stranded for hours at Haflong railway station to catch the Barak Valley Express. As he waits, he tries to have a smoke and asks a mysterious person for either a match or a lighter. Suddenly, a strong gust of wind blows off the person's shawl, revealing a beautiful woman. Amar approaches, quickly enamored, tells her she's beautiful, and tries to strike up a conversation. She ignores him. He persists and she eventually asks him for a cup of tea. When he returns with the tea, he watches as she boards the next train with three male passengers and rides off into the distance. The film's first song sequence follows, Chaiyya Chaiyya.
Amar reaches his destination and spots the same woman in Silchar. He attempts to talk to her, but she says she cannot recall meeting him before. As part of his news reporting assignment, for the occasion of fifty years of Indian Independence, Amar interviews many Assamese citizens, and an extremist chief, who blames the Indian Government for human rights violations and poverty in the region. The chief states the Liberationists do not wish to enter into any dialogue with the government and justify their resistance in Northeast India.
Sometime later, Amar describes his encounter with the woman, over the radio, which she hears. He again spots her at a post office in Silchar. At this juncture, she tells him to leave her alone; but he follows her and tells her that he is in love with her. She resists and tells Amar that she is married. Amar decides to apologize to her, but she arrives with two men who beat him unconscious.
During the beating, Amar learns that the men are presumably her brothers and that she had lied about her being married. He rejoices in this discovery, despite being badly bruised and bloody. He reaches her home and learns from the locals that she has left. Amar then goes to the post office where he initially spots her and bribes the PCO owner into giving him her contact details and learns that she is telephoning to Ladakh. Subsequently, Amar travels to Leh, and while recording the Sindhu Darshan Festival, a suicide bomber is chased and shot dead by the Indian military. Amar spots the woman again. As the woman and Amar board a bus, military officers question each passenger before the bus is allowed to leave. Amar tells the officers that he is reporting on the festival, and the woman falsely tells the officers that she is travelling with Amar.
After some travel, the bus breaks down and the passengers are required to walk to a nearby village. En route, the woman reveals her name: Meghna. Amar continues to pursue Meghna, despite her protestations. Meghna tells Amar that her destiny prevents her from being with him. She reveals a traumatic personal history and lets slip that if they were to be together, she would want eight children. Her ambivalence and their mutual attraction are depicted by a daydream dance scene in the desert. The two end up travelling together and recuperate near one another in the desert overnight. In the morning, Amar wakes to find Meghna gone.
Heartbroken, Amar returns to his home in Delhi, where his family introduces him to Preeti Nair from Kerala as a potential bride for him. Preeti confides that she was recently rejected in love and gets Amar to reveal that he was also just dumped. On their date, Amar spots one of Meghna's associates, Kim, who bashed him earlier. Amar chases him down to Connaught Place, where he loses track of the man. Unbeknownst to Amar, the man kills himself with a cyanide pill after being stopped by local police. Because of the extremist nature of the situation, the police relinquish the incident to the CBI. Back at home, Amar agrees to marry Preeti, and wedding preparations promptly begin. Much to Amar's surprise, Meghna shows up at his engagement party and asks Amar for a place to stay and help getting a job at Amar's All India Radio office, which he does.
Amar continues to pine for Meghna, not knowing she arrived in Delhi as part of a Liberationists group which has planned multiple suicide attacks in New Delhi at the upcoming 50th Delhi Republic Day parade. She stays in Amar's residence to escape from the CBI inquiry operation. At one point, Meghna expresses misgivings about her plans to kill innocent civilians. She is scolded by a member of her group and reminded of her duty to their cause.
Based on an eyewitness identification of the Connaught Place incident, Amar is now a prime suspect of the CBI. He is questioned by police and pieces together that Meghna is involved in something dangerous. Amar finds Meghna and questions her motives. She finally reveals to Amar that her name is actually Moina, and as a child, she had been a rape victim of the army. She describes villages being burned to the ground, and family members being raped and murdered. She accuses Amar of having no understanding of her history. She says she seeks justice and liberation through her activities. Amar infers she is planning a suicide attack on the Indian army and the President of India during Republic Day. While trying to grab at a cyanide necklace hanging from her neck, Amar gets arrested for harassing the woman.
In a separate scene, the CBI convinces the Army general of India to grant permission to conduct security checks of all the Army convoys and tankers participating in the parade. An associate of Moina's is privy to the government's secret security plans. Moina's associates bribe the police officers holding Amar to release him. They follow him out of the police station and assault him again. Amar fights back and renders his attacker unconscious. He then answers a call from Moina, which she had placed on his attacker's mobile phone. Amar pleads with Moina to stop all this and marry him. Moina tearfully says that it is too late and that her fate is sealed. The scene ends with the sounds of bullets, which imply Amar has been shot and killed.
But Amar returns home, beaten and bloody, only to find out from Preeti that Amar's mother is also being questioned and that Moina's location is at Sunder Nagar. Preeti asks if he has any intention of marrying her, and Amar says he's the only one who can stop Moina. Amar is arrested again and unable to convince the CBI that he is not working with the terrorists. He says he is in love with Moina and that he met her while interviewing an extremist leader. He says he wants to prevent them from perpetrating an attack. The CBI is not convinced. They sedate him for further interrogation later. Through sheer will, Amar can resist the sedative effects of the injection he received. He escapes from the CBI and continues his relentless pursuit of Moina.
The next day Moina is prepared for her role in a suicide attack, as an explosive device is concealed under her dress. Amar finds her. He expresses his undying love for her and his desire to be with her. He pleads with her to leave with him, so the two of them can start fresh in a new place. He asks her to say that she loves him. When she does not answer, he persists. Desperate, he asks her to at least let him die with her. He pulls her towards him and continues to plead with her to say she loves him. She embraces him. As the two embrace one another, they cry, and the bomb carried by Moina explodes, killing them both.
In mid-credits, the terrorists are shown to be caught by the CBI.
Cast
edit- Shah Rukh Khan as Amarkant Varma "Amar"
- Manisha Koirala as Moina / Meghna
- Preity Zinta as Preeti Nair
- Mita Vasisht as Mita
- Arundhati Rao as Kamal Dev Burman – AIR station director
- Raghubir Yadav as Shukla ji – AIR manager
- Zohra Sehgal as Amar's Grandmother
- Janagaraj as Taxi Driver
- Gautam Bora as terrorist Leader
- Sabyasachi Chakrabarty as a terrorist
- Aditya Srivastava as Terrorist
- Sanjay Mishra as a terrorist
- Anupam Shyam as a terrorist
- Shabbir Masani as a terrorist
- Krisn Kant as Kim terrorist
- Manjit Bawa as a terrorist
- Vineeta Malik as Amar's mother
- Piyush Mishra as Arun Kashyap (CBI investigation officer)
- Gajraj Rao as CBI investigation officer
- Priya Parulekar as Young Maina
- Malaika Arora in a special appearance in the song "Chaiyya Chaiyya"
- Vanitha Malik as a school teacher
- Tigmanshu Dhulia as a cameo appearance as man at the post office
- Sameer Chanda as cameo appearance Tuba music shop dealer
- Shaad Ali as a cameo as a citizen of Silchar
- Wasiq Khan as a cameo
- Pia Benegal as a cameo
- Chintu Mohapatra as a cameo
- Karan Nath as a cameo
- Hemant Mishra as cameo
- B. M. Shah as a cameo
- R. K. Nair as Preeti's father
- Alka as Preeti's Mother
- Rajiv Gupta as Sub-inspector
- Avtar Sahani as Army general
- Lakshmi Rattan as Hazarika army official
- Sheeba Chaddha as Moina's sister
Production
editFilming began in November 1997, while Shah Rukh Khan was also simultaneously shooting for Karan Johar's Kuch Kuch Hota Hai. Mani Ratnam selected Manisha Koirala to play the lead role, after he was unable to get through to Kajol.[9][10] Preity Zinta was chosen to play a supporting role.[11] Raveena Tandon was approached by the team to appear in the "Chaiyya Chaiyya" song, but turned down the offer citing her disinterest in featuring as a part of an item number.[12]
Sameer Chanda, and Wasiq Khan were the production and art designers for Dil Se.[2][13] The principal photography took place in Himachal Pradesh, Leh, Assam, New Delhi, Kerala, and Ladakh over a period of 55 days.[2][13] Tigmanshu Dhulia was the casting director. Pia Benegal and Manish Malhotra were the costume designers. The song "Chaiyya Chaiyya" was shot between Malaika Arora and Shah Rukh Khan on top of the Nilgiri Express, en route Ooty, Coonoor and Kotagiri, the train is particularly painted in brown for the song sequence.[14] The travelling scenes, other crucial scenes were shot between Manisha Koirala and Shah Rukh Khan near Alchi Monastery, during the Sindhu Darshan Festival in Leh.[14] The longest song of the film "Satrangi Re" with the lead pair was shot near Thikse Monastery, the mystical Basgo Monastery ruins, and Pangong lake near Pangong Tso in Ladakh.[14] The song "Jiya Jale" was shot between Preity Zinta and Shah Rukh Khan near Athirappilly Falls, Alappuzha backwaters, Periyar National Park, Vilangan Hills and Periyar Lake in Kerala.[14] Several action sequences in the film choreographed by Allan Amin were shot near Connaught Place, New Delhi, Rajpath and Old Delhi.[2][14]
Themes
editDil Se is said to be a journey through the seven shades of love that are defined in ancient Arabic literature. Those shades are defined as attraction, infatuation, love, reverence, worship, obsession, and death. The character played by Shahrukh Khan passes through each shade during the course of the film.[15] Authors Sangita Gopal and Sujata Moorti of Global Bollywood: Travels of Hindi Song and Dance also compared Khan's romance in the film to the trajectory of love in ancient Arabic literature, believing the lyrics in two of the songs to have delivered an "apocalyptic fatalism".[16]
The film is a dramatization of the attraction between a character from the heart of India and another from a peripheral state and a representation of opposites in the eyes of the law and society.[17] Dil Se is described as a film "structured through deferment and unfulfilled teasing promises".[18] Rediff.com said about the film, "The entire feel of the film is appropriately poetic, with a few romantic exchanges standing out quite memorable. Tigmanshu Dhulia has handled the film's dialogues adroitly. Amid moonlit desert dunes, there is a particularly stirring conversation between the leading pair. Amar reveals his hate for Meghna's eyes – because he can't see the world is hidden behind them and his love for the same, stunning eyes – because he can't see the world hidden behind them."[19]
Elleke Boehmer and Stephen Morton in their book Terror and the Postcolonial (2009) believe that the songs and their exotic locations in the film were very important in masking the impossible reconciliation between a terrorist and an uptight government agent by evoking pure fantasy.[18] They argue that this is a phenomenon called the "liminal space of dreaming" in that the terrorist woman cannot fulfill her sexual desire so the songs fill the void of this desire by "their sumptuousness and exotic locales" in the Ladakh region.[18] The theme of the movie was reported to be paying homage to the 1981 British film The French Lieutenant's Woman.[20]
Release
editDil Se released on 21 August 1998. Though the film was shot mainly in Hindi-language, director Mani Ratnam also dubbed and released the film in Tamil and Malayalam in the title Uyire.. (transl. Life (given in a romantic context)) which became very popular among Tamil-audience with its songs and in Telugu with the title Prematho (transl. With love).[21][22][23] Shah Rukh Khan's Tamil dialogues were dubbed by Arvind Swamy in the film.[24]
Reception
editCritical reception and box office
editThough Dil Se received an average box office response in India, it found success overseas. It was screened at the Era New Horizons Film Festival and the Helsinki International Film Festival. The film went on to win the Netpac Award at the Berlin International Film Festival, two National Film Awards, and six Filmfare Awards. The intense political agenda of the film with the trials of the Assamese on the India-China border, the love story and the fact that it coincided with the 50th Independence Anniversary celebrations became a major factor for its success overseas, particularly amongst the South Asian diaspora in the west.[25][26]
The film became the first Indian film to enter the top 10 in the United Kingdom box office charts.[6] Even months after its release in September 1998, the film was still screened on five screens, five times per day with an average of 3,000 spectators across all screens in the Cineworld complex in Feltham, West London.[25] Deepa Deosthalee wrote a positive review to the film, calling it "a picture-perfect ode to love" and praising the direction, writing and performances.[27] Khalid Mohamed found the film disappointing, noting it "fine performances, technique and music" but panning its lack "of that crucial element called a story".[28] Anupama Chopra of India Today wrote, "Amid the reels of tripe churned out by Bollywood every week, Dil Se... is a noble attempt. But coming from Mani, that's simply not good enough."[29] The film was included in Time's "Best of Bollywood" list in 2010.[30] Dil Se was also a hit in Japan.[7]
Awards and nominations
edit| Year | Award | Category | Recipients and Nominees | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 | 49th Berlinale | Netpac Award | Mani Ratnam | Won |
| 46th National Film Awards | Best Cinematography | Santosh Sivan | Won | |
| Best Audiography | H. Sridhar | |||
| 44th Filmfare Awards | Best Female Debut | Preity Zinta | Won | |
| Best Music Director | A. R. Rahman | |||
| Best Lyricist | Gulzar for "Chaiyya Chaiyya" | |||
| Best Male Playback Singer | Sukhwinder Singh for "Chaiyya Chaiyya" | |||
| Best Cinematography | Santosh Sivan | |||
| Best Choreography | Farah Khan for "Chaiyya Chaiyya" | |||
| Best Actress | Manisha Koirala | Nominated | ||
| Best Supporting Actress | Preity Zinta | |||
| Best Lyricist | Gulzar for "Ae Ajnabi" | |||
| Best Female Playback Singer | Sapna Awasthi for "Chaiyya Chaiyya" | |||
| Screen Awards | Best Male Playback Singer | Sukhwinder Singh for "Chaiyya Chaiyya" | Won |
Soundtrack
edit| Dil Se... | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Soundtrack album by | ||||
| Released | 8 July 1998[31] | |||
| Recorded | Panchathan Record Inn | |||
| Genre | World Music | |||
| Length | 36:38 | |||
| Label | Venus | |||
| Producer | A.R. Rahman | |||
| A. R. Rahman chronology | ||||
| ||||
| Review scores | |
|---|---|
| Source | Rating |
| Planet Bollywood |   [32] |
| All Music |   [33] |
The soundtrack features six songs composed by A. R. Rahman. Raja Sen of Rediff called it, "Rahman's finest soundtrack, by far."[19] The soundtrack album sold six million units in India.[5] The song "Chaiyya Chaiyya", based on Sufi music (lyrics based on the Sufi folk song, "Thaiyya Thaiyya" by Bulleh Shah) and Urdu poetry,[34] set Mainly in Raag Madhumad Sarang (or Megh Malhar), with tints of Bhairav and other ragas, became especially popular and the song has been featured in the film Inside Man (2006), in the musical Bombay Dreams, and in the television shows Smith and CSI: Miami.[35] The soundtrack was recorded in several other languages. The song "Dil Se Re", with War Cries and Loud Beats, is set in the raga Nattai/Jog, whereas "Ae Ajnabi" is a soft Ghazal set in the raga Patdeep.
Malayalam lines for the song "Jiya Jale" was written by lyricist Gireesh Puthenchery.
The bass guitarist Guy Pratt, who played on post-Roger Waters Pink Floyd albums Delicate Sound of Thunder, The Division Bell and Pulse played bass on title song "Dil Se Re".[36]
Original version
editHindi (Dil Se..)
All lyrics are written by Gulzar and Malayalam lyrics from the song "Jiya Jale" was penned by Gireesh Puthenchery; all music is composed by A. R. Rahman
| No. | Title | Singer(s) | Length |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | "Chaiyya Chaiyya" | Sukhwinder Singh & Sapna Awasthi | 6:54 |
| 2. | "Dil Se Re" | A. R. Rahman, Anuradha Sriram, Anupama & Febi Mani | 6:44 |
| 3. | "Satrangi Re" | Sonu Nigam & Kavita Krishnamurthy | 7:25 |
| 4. | "Ae Ajnabi" | Udit Narayan & Mahalakshmi Iyer | 5:48 |
| 5. | "Jiya Jale" | Lata Mangeshkar, M. G. Sreekumar & Chorus | 5:07 |
| 6. | "Thayya Thayya (Reprise of Chaiyya Chaiyya)" | Sukhwinder Singh | 4:35 |
Album Credits
Musiciansedit
Harmonyedit
|
References/External links
|
Dubbed versions
editTamil (Uyire)
editAll lyrics are written by Vairamuthu and Malayalam lyrics from the song "Nenjinile Nenjinile" was penned by Gireesh Puthenchery; all music is composed by A. R. Rahman
| No. | Title | Singer(s) | Length |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | "Thaiyya Thaiyya" | Sukhwinder Singh, Malgudi Subha & Palakkad Sreeram | 6:55 |
| 2. | "Nenjinile Nenjinile" | S. Janaki, M. G. Sreekumar & Chorus | 5:09 |
| 3. | "Sandhosha Kanneere" | A. R. Rahman, Anuradha Sriram, Febi Mani, Anupama | 6:42 |
| 4. | "Poongkaatrilae" | Unni Menon & Swarnalatha | 5:45 |
| 5. | "Thayya Thayya (Remix)" | Srinivas, Sukhwinder Singh | 4:19 |
| 6. | "En Uyire" | Kavita Krishnamurthy, Srinivas & Sujatha | 7:26 |
Telugu (Premato)
editAll lyrics are written by Sirivennela Seetharama Sastry and Malayalam lyrics from the song "Innaalilaa Ledule" was penned by Gireesh Puthenchery; all music is composed by A. R. Rahman
| No. | Title | Singer(s) | Length |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | "Chaiyya Chaiyya" | Sukhwinder Singh & Malgudi Subha | 6:52 |
| 2. | "Innaalilaa Ledule" | K. S. Chithra, M. G. Sreekumar & Chorus | 5:06 |
| 3. | "Ninnele" | A. R. Rahman, Sowmya Raoh, Dominique Cerejo & Kavitha Paudwal | 6:37 |
| 4. | "O Priyatama" | Mano & Swarnalatha | 7:25 |
| 5. | "Chaiyya Chaiyya (Remix)" | Sukhwinder Singh & Sapna Awasthi | 4:17 |
| 6. | "Ooristhu Ooguthu" | Kavita Krishnamurthy, Srinivas & Sujatha | 5:42 |
Background score
edit| Dil Se... | |
|---|---|
| Soundtrack album by | |
| Recorded | Panchathan Record Inn |
| Genre | World Music |
| Label | Venus |
| Producer | A.R. Rahman |
Hindi (Dil Se..)
editTrack List :
| No. | Title | Singer(s) | Length |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | "Pokhi Pokhi Bidekhi" | Zubeen Garg | 01:35 |
Tamil (Uyire)
editTrack List :
| No. | Title | Singer(s) | Length |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | "Pokhi Pokhi Bidekhi" | Zubeen Garg | 01:35 |
Malayalam (Uyire)
editTrack List :
| No. | Title | Singer(s) | Length |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | "Pokhi Pokhi Bidekhi" | Zubeen Garg | 01:35 |
Telugu (Premato)
editTrack List :
| No. | Title | Singer(s) | Length |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | "Pokhi Pokhi Bidekhi" | Zubeen Garg | 01:35 |
References
edit- ^ Shelly Walia and Tanushree Ghosh (21 January 2013). "Language no bar". Business Standard. Archived from the original on 18 June 2020. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f "Dil Se.. – Movie". Box Office India. Archived from the original on 20 June 2022. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
- ^ Ciecko, Anne Tereska (2006). Contemporary Asian cinema: popular culture in a global frame. Berg Publishers. p. 142. ISBN 978-1-84520-237-8. Archived from the original on 18 April 2023. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
- ^ Pat Padua. "FROM THE HEART – The Films of Mani Ratnam". cinescene.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
- ^ a b "Rahman @ 25". News18. CNN International. 8 September 2017. Archived from the original on 24 November 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017.
- ^ a b c Aftab, Kaleem (October 2002). "Brown: the new black! Bollywood in Britain". Critical Quarterly. 44 (3). Blackwell Synergy: 88–98. doi:10.1111/1467-8705.00435.
The first Bollywood film to enter the UK top 10, Dil Se / Uyire was nevertheless an average in India. Such factors attest to the crucial role of the NRI audience in the commercial fate of Bollywood produce.
- ^ a b Kohli-Khandekar, Vanita (2013). The Indian Media Business. Sage Publications. p. 188. ISBN 9788132117889. Archived from the original on 26 July 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2017.
- ^ Cary Rajinder Sawhney (2006). "Dil Se." British Film Institute. Archived from the original on 1 February 2008. Retrieved 16 February 2008.
- ^ "Minnoviyam Star Tracks". minnoviyam.com. Archived from the original on 13 October 1999. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
- ^ "Did you know Kajol turned down THIS famous Tamil directors film for Kuch Kuch Hota Hai?". Archived from the original on 5 September 2023. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
- ^ "Minnoviyam Star Tracks". www.minnoviyam.com. Archived from the original on 20 April 1999. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
- ^ "Raveena Tandon on Rejecting Chaiyya Chaiyya: 'Both Mani Sir and Shah Rukh Called Me'". 20 May 2023. Archived from the original on 5 September 2023. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
- ^ a b "Making movies with Mani Ratnam". Rediff.com. Archived from the original on 18 August 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
- ^ a b c d e "Movie > Dil Se – Movies and Locations – Filmapia – Reel Sites. Real Sights". filmapia.com. Archived from the original on 9 November 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
- ^ "Dil Se... A Mani Ratnam film". Archived from the original on 9 July 2001. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
- ^ Gopal & Moorti 2008, p. 166.
- ^ Chaudhuri, Shohini (2005). Contemporary world cinema: Europe, the Middle East, East Asia and South Asia. Edinburgh University Press. p. 172. ISBN 978-0-7486-1799-9. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
- ^ a b c Boehmer, Elleke; Morton, Stephen (October 2009). Terror and the postcolonial. John Wiley and Sons. p. 350. ISBN 978-1-4051-9154-8. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
- ^ a b "Weekend Watch: Dil Se". Rediff.com. 21 October 2005. Archived from the original on 19 October 2014. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
- ^ "Was 'Nayakan' inspired by 'The Godfather'?". Archived from the original on 20 October 2019. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
- ^ Sruthy Ganapathy Raman (20 June 2018). "Manisha Koirala on her acting journey: '200 per cent more focussed than ever'". Scroll.in. Archived from the original on 29 March 2020. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
- ^ Sowmya Rajendran (15 August 2017). "25 years since 'Roja': Has the depiction of 'patriotism' on screen changed?". The News Minute. Archived from the original on 24 July 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
- ^ Anjana Sekhar (16 August 2018). "From fighting for freedom to killing terrorists: The Indian patriot in Tamil cinema". The News Minute. Archived from the original on 3 June 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
- ^ Sujatha Narayanan (29 November 2016). "Shah Rukh Khan's conquest of the South: DDLJ to Dear Zindagi, how SRK won over fans". Firstpost. Archived from the original on 31 August 2020. Retrieved 14 March 2020.
- ^ a b Dudrah, Rajinder Kumar (2006). Bollywood: sociology goes to the movies. Sage. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-7619-3461-5. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
- ^ Meyer, Michael (2009). Word & image in colonial and postcolonial literatures and cultures. Rodopi. p. 230. ISBN 9789042027435. Retrieved 11 April 2011.
- ^ Deosthalee, Deepa (22 August 1998). "A picture perfect ode to love, Dil Se". The Indian Express. Archived from the original on 14 November 2012. Retrieved 7 December 2011.
- ^ Mohamed, Khalid. "QUITE A DISAPPOINTMENT". Filmfare. Archived from the original on 2 October 1999.
- ^ Anupama, Chopra (31 August 1998). "Movie review: Dil Se.., starring Shah Rukh Khan, Manisha Koirala". India Today. Archived from the original on 22 August 2019. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
- ^ Corliss, Richard (27 October 2010). "Dil Se – 1998". Time. Archived from the original on 5 May 2016. Retrieved 30 July 2012.
- ^ "Dil Se (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)". ITunes Store. 8 July 1998. Archived from the original on 25 November 2017. Retrieved 6 September 2017.
- ^ "Dil Se – music review by M. Ali Ikram". Planet Bollywood. Archived from the original on 28 March 2014. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
- ^ "Dil Se – music review by Bhaskar Gupta". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 28 February 2011. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
- ^ Basu, Anustup (2010). Bollywood in the Age of New Media: The Geo-televisual Aesthetic: The Geo-televisual Aesthetic. Edinburgh University Press. p. 164. ISBN 9780748643233.
- ^ "Dil Se Soundtrack". Amazon. Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 30 June 2011.
- ^ "Dil Se Soundtrack at arrahman.com". arrahman.com. Archived from the original on 18 July 2013. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
Bibliography
edit- Gopal, Sangita; Moorti, Sujata (2008). Global Bollywood: Travels of Hindi Song and Dance. U of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-0-8166-4578-7.
