The Squamish Five (sometimes referred to as the Vancouver Five)[1] were a group of self-styled "urban guerrillas" active in Canada during the early 1980s. Their chosen name was Direct Action. The five were Ann Hansen, Brent Taylor, Juliet Caroline Belmas, Doug Stewart and Gerry Hannah.
| Direct Action | |
|---|---|
| Also known as | Squamish Five, Wimmin's Fire Brigade, Vancouver Five |
| Dates of operation | 1981–1983 |
| Country | Canada |
| Motives | War against the state |
| Ideology | Anarchism |
| Notable attacks | Bombings, arson |
| Size | 5+ members |
Campaigns
edit
The group's first action was in 1982: vandalizing the British Columbia Ministry of Environment offices.[2] They began training with stolen weapons in a deserted area north of Vancouver and stole a large cache of dynamite belonging to the Department of Highways.[3]
On the morning of May 30, 1982, Hansen, Taylor, and Stewart travelled to Vancouver Island and set off a large bomb at the Dunsmuir BC Hydro substation. The damage was extensive, causing over $3 million CAD in damage and leaving four transformers damaged beyond repair. Nobody was injured.[1]
Litton Industries bombing
editIn October 1982, the five filled a stolen pick-up truck with 550 kg (1,210 lb) of dynamite and drove from Vancouver to Toronto. Their target was Litton Industries, a company producing guidance components for the controversial American cruise missiles many feared would increase the risk of nuclear war.[1]
"Wimmin's Fire Brigade" and Red Hot Video firebombing
editRed Hot Video is part of a multi-billion dollar pornography industry that teaches men to equate sexuality with violence. Although these tapes violate the Criminal Code of Canada and the B.C. guidelines on pornography, all lawful attempts to shutdown Red Hot Video have failed because the justice system was created and is controlled by rich men to protect their profits and property. As a result, we are left no viable alternative but to change the situation ourselves through illegal means.This is an act of self-defence against hate propaganda. We will continue to defend ourselves
Wimmin's Fire Brigade, Press Release, November 22, 1982
The bombers fled Toronto for Vancouver and ceased their activities as they moved underground together. On November 22, 1982, they emerged as part of a larger group under the name "Wimmin's Fire Brigade".[1] They subsequently firebombed three franchises of Red Hot Video, a chain of video pornography stores which had attracted the attention of feminist activists and the local community and was accused of selling snuff films as well as violent and paedophilic pornography. The majority of the stores closed or changed names.[4]
Ann Hansen alleges in her memoirs that the police were surveilling them at the time of the Red Hot Video action, which would mean the police broke the law to get the evidence needed to proceed with the charges on the earlier bombings.[5]
Arrest and trial
editThe high-profile crimes attracted major police attention and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) was closing in. On the morning of January 20, 1983, an RCMP tactical unit disguised as a road crew captured all five on the road to their training area.[6]
Punk band D.O.A released a pair of benefit singles, Right to Be Wild and Burn It Down, for the arrested members.[7]
Legacy
editAfter prison, Juliet Belmas attended Emily Carr University of Art and Design, and completed a degree in film. She produced independent art films on the conditions of women in prison and was working on her memoirs as of 2012.[3]
In 1987, experimental filmmaker Oliver Hockenhull released Determinations, an avant-garde documentary which criticized the political undertones in media coverage of the Squamish Five.[8]
In 1988, CBC Television released an award winning docudrama entitled The Squamish Five.[9] The film's cast included Nicky Guadagni as Ann Hansen, Michael McManus as Brent Taylor, Robyn Stevan as Juliet Belmas, Albert Schultz as Doug Stewart, and David McLeod as Gerry Hannah.[10]
See also
edit- Anarchism in Canada
- Action directe – A 1970s and 1980s French urban guerrilla group
- Green anarchism – A branch of anarchism which puts a particular emphasis on environmental issues
- Anarcha-feminism – A branch of anarchism combining anarchism and feminism
References
edit- ^ a b c d Antliff, Allan (2004). Only a Beginning: An Anarchist Anthology. Arsenal Pulp Press. p. 75. ISBN 1-55152-167-9. Retrieved May 16, 2009.
- ^ Hamilton, Dwight (2007). "Direct Action". Terror Threat: International and Homegrown Terrorists and Their Threat to Canada. Toronto: Dundurn Press. pp. 23–25. ISBN 978-1-55002-736-5.
- ^ a b interview with Juliet Belmas in Earth First! Journal Archived February 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Hansen, Ann (2001). Direct Action: memoirs of an urban guerrilla. Toronto: Between the Lines. p. 301. ISBN 9781902593487.
- ^ Hansen, Ann (2001). Direct Action : memoirs of an urban guerrilla. Toronto: Between the Lines. p. 348. ISBN 9781902593487.
- ^ Hamilton, Dwight. "Inside Canadian Intelligence", 2006
- ^ Meissner, Dirk (April 27, 1983). "D.O.A Rocks Strand". Kamloops News. p. B6.
- ^ Calvin Wharton, "Oliver Hockenhull's Determinations". Cinema Canada, April 1988. pp. 31-32.
- ^ Paul Donovan, "The Squamish Five". Cinema Canada, January 1989.
- ^ Greg Quill, "They're the only terrorists we've got eh?". Toronto Star, November 5, 1988.
External links
edit- Militant Feminism: An Explosive Interview with and Urban Guerilla Interview with Juliet Belmas in May/June 2010 issue of Earth First! Journal
- The Vancouver Five (aka Direct Action). Includes an interview with Ann Hansen and an essay by a supporter of the Five in Toronto.
- Direct Action: Reflections on Armed Resistance and the Squamish Five, an audio CD recorded by Ann Hansen, presenting information from her book.
- Belmas court records, court sentencing documents relating to Belmas' court trials.
- How nonviolence protects the state, an essay which discusses the legitimacy of violence in civil unrest; the Squamish Five are cited as examples of the effectiveness of the technique.