Vascular endothelial growth inhibitor

Vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI), also known as TNF-like ligand 1A (TL1A) and TNF superfamily member 15 (TNFSF15), is protein that in humans is encoded by the TNFSF15 gene. VEGI is an anti-angiogenic protein.[5] It belongs to tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, where it is member 15.[6] It is the sole known ligand for death receptor 3,[7] and it can also be recognized by decoy receptor 3.

TNFSF15
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesTNFSF15, TL1, TL1A, VEGI, VEGI192A, Vascular endothelial growth inhibitor, TNLG1B, tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 15, TNF superfamily member 15
External IDsOMIM: 604052; MGI: 2180140; HomoloGene: 3755; GeneCards: TNFSF15; OMA:TNFSF15 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_005118
NM_001204344

NM_177371

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001191273
NP_005109

NP_796345

Location (UCSC)Chr 9: 114.78 – 114.81 MbChr 4: 63.64 – 63.66 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Function

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The protein encoded by this gene is a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. This protein is abundantly expressed in endothelial cells, but is not expressed in either B or T cells. The expression of this protein is inducible by TNF-alpha and IL-1 alpha. This cytokine is a ligand for receptor TNFRSF25 (death receptor 3) and TNFRSF6B (decoy receptor 3). It can activate both the NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways, and acts as an autocrine factor to induce apoptosis in endothelial cells. This cytokine is also found to inhibit endothelial cell proliferation, and thus may function as an angiogenesis inhibitor. An additional isoform encoded by an alternatively spliced transcript variant has been reported but the sequence of this transcript has not been determined.[6]

Clinical relevance

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Several TNFSF15 SNPs have been found to be strongly associated with inflammatory bowel disease.[8][9]

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000181634Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000050395Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Hoffmann R, Valencia A (Jul 2004). "A gene network for navigating the literature". Nature Genetics. 36 (7): 664. doi:10.1038/ng0704-664. PMID 15226743.
  6. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: TNFSF15 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 15".
  7. ^ Wang EC (Sep 2012). "On death receptor 3 and its ligands…". Immunology. 137 (1): 114–116. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2567.2012.03606.x. PMC 3449252. PMID 22612445.
  8. ^ Picornell Y, Mei L, Taylor K, Yang H, Targan SR, Rotter JI (Nov 2007). "TNFSF15 is an ethnic-specific IBD gene". Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. 13 (11): 1333–8. doi:10.1002/ibd.20223. PMC 2552994. PMID 17663424.
  9. ^ Kakuta Y, Kinouchi Y, Negoro K, Takahashi S, Shimosegawa T (Oct 2006). "Association study of TNFSF15 polymorphisms in Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease". Gut. 55 (10): 1527–8. doi:10.1136/gut.2006.100297. PMC 1856432. PMID 16966713.

Further reading

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