Venality of offices

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The venality of offices refers to the historical practice of selling or auctioning public offices, particularly in Early Modern Europe.^[1] This system allowed individuals to purchase positions in government, the military, or the church, often with the right to resell or bequeath the office to heirs.^[2]

References

^ Doyle, William (1996). "Venality: The Sale of Offices in Eighteenth-Century France". Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0198205364.
^ Swart, K. W. (1949). "Sale of Offices in the Seventeenth Century". Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague.

Further reading

Mousnier, Roland (1971). "La vénalité des offices sous Henri IV et Louis XIII". Presses Universitaires de France.
Kamen, Henry (2000). Early Modern European Society. Routledge. ISBN 978-0415158657.

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