Verrucosa is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by Henry McCook in 1888.[1] It contains almost fifty described species, most of which live in South America. The only species in the United States is the arrowhead spider.[2]
| Verrucosa | |
|---|---|
| |
| V. arenata | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Araneidae |
| Genus: | Verrucosa McCook, 1888 |
| Type species | |
| V. arenata (Walckenaer, 1841)
| |
| Species | |
|
45, see text | |
Species
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As of April 2019[update] it contains forty-five species:[3]
- Verrucosa alvarengai Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Brazil
- Verrucosa apuela Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Ecuador
- Verrucosa arenata (Walckenaer, 1841) (type) – USA to Panama, Greater Antilles
- Verrucosa avilesae Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Ecuador, Colombia
- Verrucosa bartica Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Guyana
- Verrucosa benavidesae Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Colombia, Peru
- Verrucosa brachiscapa Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Ecuador
- Verrucosa cachimbo Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Brazil
- Verrucosa cajamarca Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Peru
- Verrucosa caninde Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Brazil
- Verrucosa canje Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Guyana
- Verrucosa carara Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Costa Rica
- Verrucosa chanchamayo Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Peru
- Verrucosa coroico Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Bolivia
- Verrucosa cuyabenoensis Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Ecuador, Bolivia
- Verrucosa cuyuni Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Guyana
- Verrucosa cylicophora (Badcock, 1932) – Brazil, Paraguay
- Verrucosa excavata Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Colombia
- Verrucosa florezi Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Colombia
- Verrucosa galianoae Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Brazil
- Verrucosa guatopo Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Venezuela
- Verrucosa hoferi Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Brazil
- Verrucosa lampra (Soares & Camargo, 1948) – Brazil
- Verrucosa lata Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Brazil
- Verrucosa latigastra Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Guyana, Brazil
- Verrucosa levii Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Brazil
- Verrucosa macarena Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Colombia
- Verrucosa manauara Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Brazil
- Verrucosa meridionalis (Keyserling, 1892) – Brazil, Argentina
- Verrucosa meta Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Colombia
- Verrucosa opon Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Colombia
- Verrucosa pedrera Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Colombia
- Verrucosa rancho Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Venezuela
- Verrucosa reticulata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) – Panama
- Verrucosa rhea Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Brazil
- Verrucosa scapofracta Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Brazil, Argentina
- Verrucosa septemmammata Caporiacco, 1954 – French Guiana
- Verrucosa sergipana Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Brazil
- Verrucosa silvae Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Colombia, Peru
- Verrucosa simla Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Trinidad
- Verrucosa suaita Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Colombia
- Verrucosa tarapoa Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil
- Verrucosa tuberculata Lise, Kesster & Silva, 2015 – Colombia
- Verrucosa undecimvariolata (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) – Mexico to Argentina
- Verrucosa zebra (Keyserling, 1892) – Brazil, Argentina
Verrucosa furcifera (Keyserling, 1886) from Queensland, Australia was placed in this genus due to its strong outer similarity. However, it is considered misplaced,[4] and is now Carepalxis furcifera.
References
edit- ^ McCook, H. C. (1888). "Necessity for revising the nomenclature of American spiders". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 1888: 74–79.
- ^ "Genus Verrucosa". BugGuide. Retrieved 2019-05-15.
- ^ Gloor, Daniel; Nentwig, Wolfgang; Blick, Theo; Kropf, Christian (2019). "Gen. Verrucosa McCook, 1888". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2019-05-15.
- ^ Lise, Arno A.; Kesster, Cynara C.; Da Silva, Estevam L. Cruz (2015). "Revision of the orb-weaving spider genus Verrucosa McCook, 1888 (Araneae, Araneidae)". Zootaxa. 3921 (1): 1–105. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3921.1.1. PMID 25781566.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Verrucosa.
"Verrucosa" at the Encyclopedia of Life