Villagedale is a community in the Canadian province of Nova Scotia, located in the Municipality of the District of Barrington of Shelburne County.[3]
Villagedale | |
|---|---|
  Villagedale Location of Villagedale, Nova Scotia | |
| Coordinates: 43°31′26″N 65°32′42″W / 43.523889°N 65.545°W[1] | |
| Country |  Canada |
| Province |  Nova Scotia |
| County | Shelburne |
| Municipal district | Barrington |
| Time zone | UTC-4 (AST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-3 (ADT) |
| Area code | 902 |
| Access Routes |  Route 309 |
Fort St. Louis was located in Villagedale, Nova Scotia. The Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada erroneously asserts that Fort Saint Louis is located at Port La Tour, Nova Scotia. The fort at Port La Tour was Fort Lomeron (also known as Fort La Tour).[4]
French Colony
editCape Sable and Eel Bay were first settled by the Acadians who migrated from Port Royal in 1620.[5] The French governor of Acadia, Charles de la Tour, colonized Cap de Sable giving it the present name, meaning Sandy Cape.[6] La Tour built up a strong post at Cap de Sable (present-day Port La Tour, Nova Scotia) beginning in 1623, called Fort Lomeron in honour of David Lomeron who was his agent in France. (The fur trading post called Fort Lomeron was later renamed Fort La Tour although - erroneously - identified as Fort Saint-Louis in the writings of Samuel de Champlain.) Here he carried on a sizable trade in furs with the Mi'kmaq and farmed the land.
During the Anglo-French War (1627–1629), under Charles I, by 1629 the Kirkes took Quebec City, Sir James Stewart of Killeith, Lord Ochiltree planted a colony on Cape Breton Island at Baleine, and Alexander’s son, William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling established the first incarnation of “New Scotland” at Port Royal. This set of British triumphs in what had otherwise been a disastrous war was not destined to last. Charles 1’s haste to make peace with France on the terms most beneficial to him meant that the new North American gains would be bargained away in the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1632).[7] There were three battles in Nova Scotia during the colonization of Scots: one at Saint John; another battle at Balene, Cape Breton; and one on Cape Sable Island.
Siege of 1630
editIn 1627, as a result of these Scottish victories, Cape Sable was the only major French holding in North America.[8] There was a battle between Charles and his father at Fort St. Louis (See National Historic Site - Fort St. Louis), the latter supporting the Scottish who had taken Port Royal. The battle lasted two days. Claude was forced to withdraw in humiliation to Port Royal.[9]
As a result, La Tour appealed to the King of France for assistance and was appointed lieutenant-general in Acadia in 1631.[10]
By 1641, La Tour lost Cape Sable Island, Pentagouet (Castine, Maine), and Port Royal to Governor of Acadia Charles de Menou d'Aulnay de Charnisay.[11]
La Tour retired to Cap de Sable with his third wife Jeanne Motin, wed in 1653, and died in 1666.[12]
French and Indian War
editThe British Conquest of Acadia happened in 1710. Over the next forty-five years the Acadians refused to sign an unconditional oath of allegiance to Britain. During this time period Acadians participated in various militia operations against the British and maintained vital supply lines to the French Fortress of Louisbourg and Fort Beausejour.[13] The Acadians and Mi'kmaq from Cape Sable Island raided the Protestants at Lunenburg, Nova Scotia numerous times.
During the French and Indian War, the British sought to neutralize any military threat Acadians posed and to interrupt the vital supply lines Acadians provided to Louisbourg by deporting Acadians from Acadia.[14] In April 1756, Major Preble and his New England troops, on their return to Boston, raided a settlement near Port La Tour and captured 72 men, women and children.[15]
In the late summer of 1758, the British launched three large offensives against the Acadians. One was the St. John River Campaign, another was the Petitcodiac River Campaign, and the other was against the Acadians at Cape Sable Island. Major Henry Fletcher led the 35th regiment and a company of Joseph Gorham's Rangers to Cape Sable Island. He cordoned off the cape and sent his men through it. One hundred Acadians and Father Jean Baptiste de Gray surrendered, while about 130 Acadians and seven Mi'kmaq escaped. The Acadian prisoners were taken to Georges Island in Halifax Harbour.[16]
En route to the St. John River Campaign in September 1758, Moncton sent Major Roger Morris, in command of two men-of-war and transport ships with 325 soldiers, to deport more Acadians. On October 28, his troops sent the women and children to Georges Island. The men were kept behind and forced to work with troops to destroy their village. On October 31, they were also sent to Halifax.[17] In the spring of 1759, Joseph Gorham and his rangers arrived to take prisoner the remaining 151 Acadians. They reached Georges Island with them on June 29.[18]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Nova Scotia Geographical Names: Villagedale
- ^ a b 2006 Statistics Canada Community Profile: Barrington Municipal District, Nova Scotia
- ^ Government of Nova Scotia website: Community Counts
- ^ "FORT SAINT LOUIS". www.museeacadien.ca. Archived from the original on 2003-07-20.
- ^ M. A. MacDonald. Fortune and La Tour. Methuen Press. 1983.p.14
- ^ Place Names of Nova Scotia Nova Scotia Archives and Records Management
- ^ Nichols, 2010. p. xix
- ^ Roger Sarty and Doug Knight. Saint John Fortifications: 1630-1956. New Brunswick Military Heritage Series. 2003. p. 18
- ^ Nicholls, 2010, p. 139
- ^ Roger Sarty and Doug Knight. Saint John Fortifications: 1630-1956. Goose Lane Editions. 2003. p. 18
- ^ M. A. MacDonald. La Tour and Fortune. p. 89
- ^ MacBeath, George (1979) [1966]. "Saint-Étienne de La Tour (Turgis), Charles de (1593–1666)". In Brown, George Williams (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. I (1000–1700) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
- ^ John Grenier, Far Reaches of Empire: War in Nova Scotia 1710-1760. Oklahoma University Press. 2008
- ^ Patterson, Stephen E. (1998). "Indian-White Relations in Nova Scotia, 1749-61: A Study in Political Interaction". In P.A. Buckner; Gail G. Campbell; David Frank (eds.). The Acadiensis Reader: Atlantic Canada Before Confederation (3rd ed.). Acadiensis Press. pp. 105-106. ISBN 978-0-919107-44-1.
• Patterson, Stephen E. (1994). "1744–1763: Colonial Wars and Aboriginal Peoples". In Phillip Buckner; John G. Reid (eds.). The Atlantic Region to Confederation: A History. University of Toronto Press. p. 144. ISBN 978-1-4875-1676-5. JSTOR 10.3138/j.ctt15jjfrm. - ^ Winthrop Bell. Foreign Protestants, University of Toronto, 1961, p. 504; Peter Landry. The Lion and the Lily, Trafford Press. 2007.p. 555
- ^ John Grenier, The Far Reaches of Empire, Oklahoma Press. 2008. p. 198
- ^ Marshall, p. 98; see also Bell. Foreign Protestants. p. 512
- ^ Marshall, p. 98; Peter Landry. The Lion and the Lily, Trafford Press. 2007. p. 555
External links
edit- Story of Fort St. Louis
- Fort St. Louis - National Historic Site
- Villagedale on Destination Nova Scotia