Virupanna and Viranna were Nayaka chieftains who built the Veerabhadra Temple in Lepakshi, Andhra Pradesh. They built the Veerabhadra Temple in 1530 AD, which is dedicated to the fiery incarnation of Lord Shiva. The temple is known for its Vijayanagara period architecture and mural paintings.[1]
Early life and history
editViranna and Virupanna were governors of Penukonda and members of the warrior merchant class of Veerashaiva Vani. Virupanna chose this particular form of Siva to demonstrate the contempt the Veerashaiva community had for the caste-bound, rigid hierarchical order of society prevalent then. The shields, daggers and assorted weaponry of the figures sculpted all over the temple complex suggest also the militant aspirations of this community.[2]
Virupanna was the son of Nandilakkiseṭṭi of Penukoṇḍa and rose to a position where he made himself prominent and indispensable. He was specially devoted to Vīrabhadra the valiant deity chosen as a model by him as a warrior like Rājarāja who chose Tripurāntaka as his ideal. One day he happened to notice a small temple of Lord Papanasa on a hillock called the Kurmasaila, or the Hill of the Tortoise, from its resemblance to a resting tortoise. This stands near the village of Lepakshi. He decided to build a temple complex there. Being ardent Shiva devotees, they extended the marginal Papavinasa temple into a buzzing temple complex adorned with multiple shrines and mandapas.[3][4][5]
Legend
edit
According to historical records, the temple was commissioned by two siblings named Virupanna and Viranna, who served as Governors during the rule of King Achutaraya. Virupanna, the Vijayanagara Kingdom's treasurer. Virupanna oversaw the finances for the construction of the temple while the King was away. But when the King returned to finish building Kalyana Mandapa, he found the treasury was empty. The King was furious and ordered Virupanna to have his eyes amputated as a form of punishment. With unflinching devotion, Virupanna pulled out his own eyeballs and threw them against the wall. According to legend, his blood is what left behind the two red markings on the wall. This sad incident is claimed to have inspired the village's name ("Lepa + Akshi" meaning "stain of eyes"). The Kalyana Mandapa is still incomplete, nevertheless.[6][7]
From the legends, it is said that Virupanna was falsely accused of building the temple from the state treasure when Atchutha Raya was out of town, But actually Virupanna spent his own treasure. To prove that, he threw the eyeballs in the wall which made the dark red lines that are even visible today.[8][9]
Disturbed political conditions naturally held up the progress of the temple construction. After Aliya Rama Raya assumed the reigns of government, the entire scheme fell through, as the sponsors Virupanna and Viranna fell into disfavour. The reasons for the above development are abscure. One plausible explanation was that Virupanna brothers were veerashaivas and while Aliya Rama Raya was a Virashaiva Vani himself but was later influenced by vaishnavism.[10][11]
References
edit- ^ Sivaramamurti, C. (1977). The Art of India. H. N. Abrams. ISBN 978-0-8109-0630-3.
- ^ SUDHA MAHALINGA (2021-03-06). "The grandeur of the Vijayanagar era temple at Lepakshi, Andhra Pradesh". Frontline. Retrieved 2024-07-26.
- ^ www.wisdomlib.org (2020-06-13). "Plate 9: Virupanna and Viranna [Vijayanagara Paintings]". www.wisdomlib.org. Retrieved 2024-12-02.
- ^ Saxena, Saurabh (2022-03-06). "Finding the Thiruvarur legend in Lepakshi, AP". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 2024-12-02.
- ^ Ramaswami, N. S. (1984). House of God: Select Temples of South India. Maps and Agencies.
- ^ "BANGALORE WEEKEND GETAWAY SERIES : LEPAKSHI TEMPLE – GOPS Creativ". Retrieved 2024-12-02.
- ^ Tiru (2017-01-28). "Virupanna". Am an aspirant too. Retrieved 2024-12-02.
- ^ Ragupathy, Vignesh (2018-03-03). "Lepakshi - The land of history & mystery". Vignesh Ragupathy. Retrieved 2024-12-02.
- ^ Vista, Luxe (2024-01-16). "Veerabhadra Temple, Lepakshi: A Journey into History, Mystery & Timing". Luxe Vista. Retrieved 2024-12-02.
- ^ Sekaram, Kandavalli Balendu (1973). The Andhras Through the Ages. Sri Saraswati Book Depot.
- ^ Guha, Sumit (2009). "The Frontiers of Memory: What the Marathas Remembered of Vijayanagara". Modern Asian Studies. 43 (1): 269–288. ISSN 0026-749X.