Vividha Tirtha Kalpa is a widely cited[1][2][3] Jain text composed by Jinaprabha Suri in the 14th century CE. It is a compilation of about 60 Kalpas (sections), most of them give the accounts of major Jain Tirthas.[4]
Vividha Tirtha Kalpa is an example of the tirtha-mala texts that are compilations about Jain Tirthas throughout India.
Jinaprabh Suri is said to have written three Jain prayers in Persian.[5]
Author
editJinaprabha Suri lived during the rule of Muhammad bin Tughluq. He travelled widely and has left a record of contemporary events as well as oral traditions. He was born in Mohilvadi, Gujarat in the Tambi clan of Shrimal Jain community. He was initiated at the age of 8 and became an Acharya in Kharatara Gaccha at 23.
Composition time
editSome of the Kalpas contain the date of compositions, although most are undated. The dates range from Samvat 1364 to Samvat 1389.[6] The last section of the book was written in 1332 CE in Delhi during the rule of Muhammad Bin Tuglaq.
Contents
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The tirthas mentioned cover regions (as divided by Muni Jinvijay):
- Gujarat and Kathiawad
- Punjab and Uttar Pradesh
- Maharashtra
- Rajasthan and Malava
- Eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
- Karnataka and Telangana
The description suggests that at that time, while the Śvetāmbara-Digambara division had become distinct, the tirtha were visited by Jains of both sects. He describes the building and destruction of many temples in recent period.
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Jaina Iconography, Volume 1 of Jaina-rūpa-maṇḍana, Umakant Premanand Shah, Abhinav Publications, 1987, p. 198
- ^ Cort, J. (1987). Medieval Jaina Goddess Traditions. Numen, 34(2), 235-255
- ^ Balbhadra Jain, Bharat ke Digambar Jain Tirth, Bharatiya Jnanapitha, 1974
- ^ JaineLibrary, Jinprabhsuri. "Vividh tirthkalpa". jainqq.org. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
- ^ Audrey Truschke, Jains and the Delhi Sultanate, JAINpedia, 2015
- ^ Vividha Tirth kalpa, Jinaprabha Suri, Hindi Translation by Bhanwarlal Nahta, Shri Jain Shvetambar Nakoda Parshvanath Tirtha, 1978
Further reading
edit- Suri, Jina Prabha (1934) [14th century CE]. Vijaya, Jina (ed.). Vividha Tirtha Kalpa Of Jina Prabha Suri. Singhi Jaina Series (in Sanskrit and Prakrit). Vol. 10. Santiniketan, West Bengal: The Adhisthata, Singhi Jaina Jnanapitha.
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