Voiced labiodental plosive

The voiced labiodental plosive or stop is a consonant sound produced like a [b], but with the lower lip contacting the upper teeth, as in [v]. This can be represented in the IPA as ⟨⟩. A separate symbol that is sometimes seen, especially in Bantu linguistics, but not recognized by the IPA, is the db ligatureȸ⟩.

Voiced labiodental plosive
ȸ
IPA Number102 408
Encoding
Entity (decimal)b​̪
Unicode (hex)U+0062 U+032A
X-SAMPAb_d
Braille⠃ (braille pattern dots-12)⠠ (braille pattern dots-6)⠹ (braille pattern dots-1456)

The voiced labiodental plosive is not known to be phonemic in any language. However, it does occur allophonically:

In the Austronesian language Sika, this sound occurs as an allophone of the labiodental flap in careful pronunciation.[citation needed]

The XiNkuna dialect of Tsonga has affricates, [p̪͡f] (voiceless labiodental affricate) and [b̪͡v] (voiced labiodental affricate).

Features

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Features of the "voiced labiodental stop":

Occurrence

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Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Danish Standard[1] ved [b̪̆e̝ːˀð̠˕ˠ] 'know(s)' Rather short; also described as an approximant [ʋ]. A rare alternative is a fricative [v].[2] See Danish phonology.
English subversive [sʌb̪ˈvɚsɪv] 'subversive' Common allophone of /b/ before the labiodentals /f/ and /v/ (although it is also possible for the labiodentals to shift to bilabial [ɸ] and [β], respectively, instead).
Ibanag bavi [bab̪ᵛiː] ˈpig/pork' Slightly affricated; allophonic variant of /v/ for some elderly speakers, especially those who lack front teeth. May be a flap // instead.
Sika[citation needed] [example needed] Allophone of // in careful pronunciation.
Slovene ob vodi [ob̪‿ˈʋɔ̀ːdí] 'by the water' Allophone of /b/ before /f, ʋ/. See Slovene phonology.

Notes

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  1. ^ Basbøll (2005), p. 27.
  2. ^ Basbøll (2005), pp. 27, 66.

References

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  • Basbøll, Hans (2005), The Phonology of Danish, OUP Oxford, ISBN 0-198-24268-9
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