Vulcanodinium rugosum is a species of dinoflagellate first described in 2011 based on samples collected from the French coast of the Mediterranean Sea.[1][2] It is thecate and its specific epithet is a reference to the striated appearance of its surface. It is the type species of the genus Vulcanodinium. Molecular phylogenetics suggests that it belongs in the order Peridiniales.[2] Studies of the species in culture suggest it has at least two stages in its life cycle, one motile, thecate, and likely planktonic, and one nonmotile, athecate, and likely epibenthic.[3] The species is photosynthetic and seems to prefer warm saline environments.[3][4] It is found at least in warm Pacific and Mediterranean waters, and is likely globally distributed.[4][5]
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| Species: | V. rugosum
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V. rugosum is notable as the source organism for a family of marine macrocyclic neurotoxins known as pinnatoxins, first identified in association with molluscs of the genus Pinna.[5] Production of toxin, and the distribution of pinnatoxin types, appears to depend on both environmental conditions and strain.[4][5]
References
edit- ^ a b Guiry, M.D.; Guiry, G.M. "Vulcanodinium rugosum". AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.
- ^ a b c Nézan, Elisabeth; Chomérat, Nicolas (February 2011). "Vulcanodinium rugosum gen. et sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), un Nouveau Dinoflagellé Marin de la Côte Méditerranéenne Française". Cryptogamie, Algologie. 32 (1): 3–18. doi:10.7872/crya.v32.iss1.2011.003. S2CID 85401305.
- ^ a b Hernández-Becerril, David U.; Rodríguez-Palacio, Mónica C.; Lozano-Ramírez, Cruz (1 January 2013). "Morphology and life stages of the potentially pinnatoxin-producing thecate dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum from the tropical Mexican Pacific". Botanica Marina. 56 (5–6). doi:10.1515/bot-2013-0079. S2CID 87018505.
- ^ a b c Abadie, Eric; Muguet, Alexia; Berteaux, Tom; Chomérat, Nicolas; Hess, Philipp; Roque D’OrbCastel, Emmanuelle; Masseret, Estelle; Laabir, Mohamed (5 May 2016). "Toxin and Growth Responses of the Neurotoxic Dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum to Varying Temperature and Salinity". Toxins. 8 (5): 136. doi:10.3390/toxins8050136. PMC 4885051. PMID 27164144.
- ^ a b c Rhodes, Lesley; Smith, Kirsty; Selwood, Andrew; McNabb, Paul; Munday, Rex; Suda, Shoichiro; Molenaar, Sam; Hallegraeff, Gustaaf (November 2011). "Dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum identified as the causative organism of pinnatoxins in Australia, New Zealand and Japan". Phycologia. 50 (6): 624–628. doi:10.2216/11-19.1. S2CID 85760231.
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