Vulvar tumors are those neoplasms of the vulva. Vulvar and vaginal neoplasms make up a small percentage (3%) of female genital cancers.[1] They can be benign or malignant (vulvar cancer).[2][3][4][5] Vulvar neoplasms are divided into cystic or solid lesions and other mixed types.[6] Vulvar cancers are those malignant neoplasms that originate from vulvar epithelium, while vulvar sarcomas develop from non-epithelial cells such as bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, blood vessels, or other connective or supportive tissue.[7] Epithelial and mesenchymal tissue are the origin of vulvar tumors.[1]
Malignant vulvar neoplasms makes up 6% of all reproductive organ cancer and 0.7% of the total cancers in women in the United States. One out of every 333 women will develop vulvar cancer. In the United States, vulvar cancer accounts for nearly 6% of cancers of the female reproductive organs and 0.7% of all cancers in women. In 2018, there were 5,496 women diagnosed with cancer of the vulva and 1,316 women who died from it.[8] Malignant vulvar tumors can develop in the inner edges of the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris or in the Bartholin glands.[9] Research in preventing vulvar cancers includes investigations into the use of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, drug treatments, surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and lymph node mapping.[10]
Epithelial neoplasms
editSquamous tumors precursors
edit- Squamous cell carcinoma not otherwise specified
- Basal cell carcinoma
- Squamous intraepithelial neoplasia
- Benign squamous lesions
Glandular tumors
edit- Paget disease
- Bartholin gland tumors: carcinomas, adenoma and adenomyoma
- Tumor arising from specialized ano-genital mammary-like glands
- Adenocarcinoma of Shene gland origin
- Adenocarcinoma of other types
- Adenoma of minor vestibular glands
- Mixed tumors of the vulva
- Tumors of skin appendage origin
Soft tissue tumors
edit- Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (sarcoma botryoides)
- Leiomyosarcoma
- Fibrous histiocytoma
- Proximal epithelioid sarcoma
- Alveolar soft part sarcoma
- Liposarcoma
- Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
- Deep angiomyxoma
- Superficial angiomyxoma
- Angiomyofibroblastoma
- Cellular angiofibroma
- Leiomyoma
- Granular cell tumor
Melanocytic tumors
edit- Malignant melanoma
- Congenital melanocytic naevus
- Acquired melanocytic naevus
- Blue naevus
- Atypical melanocytic naevus of genital type
- Dysplastic melanocytic naevus
Other
edit- Yolk sac tumor
- Merkel cell tumor
- Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor/Ewing sarcoma
Haematopoietic and lymphoid tumors
edit- Malignant lymphoma
- Leukemia[11]
Benign cystic lesions
edit- Bartholin duct cysts and abscesses
- Skene duct cyst
- Mucinous cyst
- Ciliated cyst
- Gartner duct cyst
- Cyst of the canal of Nuck
- Perineal hernia[13]
Solid lesions
edit- Epithelial lesions
- Acrochordons, fibroepithelial polyps
- Nevus
- Seborrheic keratosis
- Adenosis
- Syringoma
- Hidradenoma papilliferum
- Anogential mammary-like glands[13]
Mesenchymal and other subcutaneious lesions
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b Vanni, Roberta; Porodo, Giuseppia (2007). "Vulva and Vagina tumors: an overview". atlasgeneticsoncology.org. Retrieved March 11, 2018.
- ^ Birbrair A, Zhang T, Wang ZM, Messi ML, Olson JD, Mintz A, Delbono O (July 2014). "Type-2 pericytes participate in normal and tumoral angiogenesis". American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology. 307 (1): C25-38. doi:10.1152/ajpcell.00084.2014. PMC 4080181. PMID 24788248.
- ^ Taylor, Elizabeth J. (2000). Dorland's Illustrated medical dictionary (29th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. p. 1184. ISBN 0721662544.
- ^ Stedman's medical dictionary (28th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2006. p. Neoplasm. ISBN 0781733901.
- ^ There are four main groups of vaginal neoplasms: benign neoplasms, in situ neoplasms, malignant neoplasms, and neoplasms of uncertain or unknown behavior. Malignant neoplasms are also simply known as cancers.Tumor (American English) or tumour (British English), Latin for swelling, one of the cardinal signs of inflammation, originally meant any form of swelling, neoplastic or not. Current English, however, both medical and non-medical, uses tumor as a synonym for a neoplasm (a solid or fluid-filled cystic lesion that may or may not be formed by an abnormal growth of neoplastic cells) that appears enlarged in size.Some neoplasms do not form a tumor; these include leukemia and most forms of carcinoma in situ. Tumor is also not synonymous with cancer. While cancer is by definition malignant, a tumor can be benign, precancerous, or malignant.
- ^ "Benign Neoplasms of the Vulva | GLOWM". www.glowm.com. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
- ^ "What Is Vulvar Cancer?". www.cancer.org. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
- ^ "Vaginal and Vulvar Cancers Statistics". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 2021-11-24.
- ^ "NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms". National Cancer Institute. Retrieved 2018-03-11.
- ^ "What's New in Vulvar Cancer Research and Treatment?". www.cancer.org. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-08. Retrieved 2018-03-10.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Humphrey, Peter A.; Dehner, Louis P.; Pfeifer, John D. (10 March 2018). The Washington Manual of Surgical Pathology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780781765275 – via Google Books.
- ^ a b c HELLER, DEBRA S. (2015). "Benign Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions of the Vulva". Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology. 58 (3): 526–535. doi:10.1097/grf.0000000000000133. PMID 26125957. S2CID 11112420.